Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
COPD is a global lung disease marked by airflow obstruction and driven by diverse factors like smoking, TB history, and pollution.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a globally prevalent heterogenous lung condition characterised by chronic respiratory symptoms with spirometry values demonstrating persistent and often progressive airflow obstruction. Tobacco smoke exposure, environmental exposures, low body mass index, poor education levels and a history of tuberculosis are influential risk factors for airway obstruction [1]. Due to the heterogeneous nature of the disease, there are variable degrees of airway inflammation and alveolar destruction. COPD may predominantly manifest as chronic bronchitis or emphysema [2].
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