Incidence of local anesthetic systemic toxicity in patients receiving bupivacaine infiltration analgesia for total joint arthroplasty under general anesthesia

Local infiltration analgesia (LIA) is a crucial component of multimodal analgesia that enhances recovery after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, LIA can cause fatal local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST). The incidences of LIA-induced LAST in different surgeries and anesthetic agents have not been well investigated.

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