Ischaemic Heart Disease: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Strategies
Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) remains the leading cause of global mortality, yet it is largely preventable through the targeted management of modifiable risk factors. This update explores contemporary diagnostic tools, therapeutic strategies, and the critical role pharmacists play in optimising patient outcomes.
Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) is characterised by a mismatch between myocardial oxygen supply and demand, often caused by atherosclerotic obstructions. While global trends show a decline in developed nations, the burden in low-to-middle income countries, including South Africa, remains severe due to rapid urbanisation and aging populations. Management strategies have evolved to include a combination of lifestyle modifications, revascularisation procedures, and essential pharmacological interventions such as statins, ACE inhibitors, and beta-blockers.
Pharmacists serve as vital frontline collaborators, ensuring medication adherence, monitoring for adverse drug reactions, and providing essential education on symptom recognition and lifestyle changes to modify disease progression.
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