Multi-kingdom gut microbiota dysbiosis is associated with the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Emerging research reveals gut microbiota imbalances may drive idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension via the gut–lung axis.
Gut microbiota dysbiosis has been implicated in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, the exact roles and underlying mechanisms of multi-kingdom gut microbiota, including bacteria, archaea, and fungi, in PAH remain largely unclear.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a debilitating condition characterized by heightened resistance in the pulmonary vasculature, which leads to right-sided heart failure and potentially fatal outcomes if left untreated.1 Among the various forms of PAH, idiopathic PAH (IPAH) represents a particularly challenging subset due to its unknown aetiology and poor prognosis.2 Moreover, the underlying mechanisms driving IPAH remain poorly understood, which poses significant challenges for effective treatment and management. There is emerging evidence suggesting a potential link between gut microbiota (GM) imbalance and PAH, highlighting the gut–lung axis as a novel area of investigation in IPAH research.3
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