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Adult Sedation and Analgesia: References

Practice Guidelines for Moderate Procedural Sedation and Analgesia 2018. A Report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Moderate Procedural Sedation and Analgesia, the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, American College of Radiology, American Dental Association, American Society of Dentist Anesthesiologists, and Society of Interventional Radiology. Anest

  1. Practice Guidelines for Moderate Procedural Sedation and Analgesia 2018. A Report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Moderate Procedural Sedation and Analgesia, the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, American College of Radiology, American Dental Association, American Society of Dentist Anesthesiologists, and Society of Interventional Radiology. Anesthesiology. 2018;128(3):437-479. https://doi.org/10.1097/ALN.0000000000002043.
  2. Roback MG, Green SM, Andolfatto G, Leroy PL, Mason KP. Tracking and Reporting Outcomes Of Procedural Sedation (TROOPS): Standardized Quality Improvement and Research Tools from the International Committee for the Advancement of Procedural Sedation. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2018;120(1):164-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bja.2017.08.004.
  3. Mason KP, Green SM, Piacevoli Q, International Sedation Task Force. Adverse event reporting tool to standardize the reporting and tracking of adverse events during procedural sedation: a consensus document from the World SIVA International Sedation Task Force. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2012;108(1):13-20. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/aer407.
  4. American Society of Anesthesiologists: Continuum of Depth of Sedation: Definition of General Anesthesia and Levels of Sedation/ Analgesia. Approved by ASA House of Delegates on October 13, 1999 and last amended on October 23, 2019. Available at: https://www. asahq.org/standards-and-guidelines/continuum-of-depth-of-sedation-definition-of-general-anesthesia-and-levels-of-sedationanalgesia.
  5. Academy of Medical Royal Colleges. Safe sedation practice for healthcare procedures. Standard and Guidance. October 2013. Available at: https://www.aomrc.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Safe_Sedation_Practice_1213.pdf.
  6. General Dental Council. Standards for the Dental Team. London: GDC; 2013. Available at: https://standards.gdc-uk.org/Assets/pdf/ Standards%20for%20the%20Dental%20Team.pdf.
  7. Reed MJ, Dunn MJ, McKeown DW: Can an airway assessment score predict difficulty at intubation in the emergency department? Emergency Medicine Journal. 2005;22:99-102. https://doi.org/10.1136/emj.2003.008771.
  8. Faramarzi E, Soleimanpour H, Khan ZH, Mahmoodpoor A, Sanaie S. Upper lip bite test for prediction of difficult airway: A systematic review. Pak J Med Sci. 2018;34(4):1019-1023. https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.344.15364.
  9. ASA Physical Status Classification System. American Society of Anesthesiologists. Archived from the original on 2010-10-08. Available at: https://www.asahq.org/standards-and-guidelines/asa-physical-status-classification-system.
  10. Fehrenbach and Associates. ASA Physical Status Classification System for Dental Patient Care 2020. Available at: http://www.dhed.net/ ASA_Physical_Status_Classification_SYSTEM.html
  11. Klare P, Reiter J, Meining A, et al. Capnographic monitoring of midazolam and propofol sedation during ERCP: a randomized controlled study (EndoBreath Study). Endoscopy. 2016;48(01):42-50. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1393117.
  12. Waugh JB, Epps CA, Khodneva YA. Capnography enhances surveillance of respiratory events during procedural sedation: a meta-analysis. J Clin Anesth. 2011;23:189-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinane.2010.08.012.
  13. Hinkelbein J, Lamperti M, Akeson J, et al. European Society of Anaesthesiology and European Board of Anaesthesiology guidelines for procedural sedation and analgesia in adults. European Journal of Anaesthesiology (EJA). 2018;35(1):6-24. https://doi.org/10.1097/ EJA.0000000000000683.
  14. The dental faculties of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons and the Royal College of Anaesthetists. Standards for Conscious Sedation in the Provision of Dental Care. Report of the Intercollegiate Advisory Committee for Sedation in Dentistry. 2015. Available at: https://www. rcseng.ac.uk/-/media/files/rcs/fds/publications/dental-sedation-report-2015-web-v2.pd.
  15. Pambianco DJ, Borkett KM, Riff DS, et al. A phase IIb study comparing the safety and efficacy of remimazolam and midazolam in patients undergoing colonoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc. 2016;83(5):984-992. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2015.08.062.
  16. Venn RM, Karol MD, Grounds RM. Pharmacokinetics of dexmedetomidine infusions for sedation of postoperative patients requiring intensive care. Br J Anaesth. 2002;88:669-675. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/88.5.669.
  17. Jephcott C, Grummet J, Nguyen N, Spruyt O. A review of the safety and efficacy of inhaled methoxyflurane as an analgesic for outpatient procedures. Br J Anaesth. 2018;120(5):1040-1048. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bja.2018.01.011.
  18. Coulter FL, Hannam JA, Anderson BJ. Ketofol simulations for dosing in pediatric anesthesia. Pediatric Anaesthesia. 2014;24(8):806-12. https://doi.org/10.1111/pan.12386.
  19. Cillo JE. Analysis of propofol and low-dose ketamine for adult outpatient dentoalveolar surgery. A prospective, randomized, positive-controlled clinical trial. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2012;70(3);537-543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2011.08.036.

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South African Society of Anaesthesiologists (SASA) Guidelines for the Safe Use of Procedural Sedation and Analgesia for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures in Adults: 2020–2025

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NeoHealth® ID 36322 · updated 5/21/2024