Ankle Injuries in the Emergency Centre

Ankle injuries have the potential for significant morbidity. 

The emergency physician must be expert in the evaluation, diagnosis, and management of acute ankle injuries while also remaining time- and cost-effective. 

References: 

1. Sujitkumar P, Hadfield JM, Yates DW. Sprain or fracture? An analysis of 2000 ankle injuries. Arch Emerg Med 1986;3:101-106. (Retrospective; 2140 patients aged 12 or older) 

2. Rubin A, Sallis R. Evaluation and diagnosis of ankle injuries. Am Fam Physician 1996;54:1609-1618. (Review) 

3. Stiell IG, Greenberg GH, McKnight RD, et al. Decision rulesfor the use of radiography in acute ankle injuries. Refinement and prospective validation. JAMA 1993;269:1127-1132. (Regression analysis; 1032 patients; Prospective validation, 453 patients aged 18 years or older) 

4. Birrer RB, Fani-Salek MH, Totten VY, et al. Managing ankle injuries in the emergency department. J Emerg Med 1999;17:651-660. (Review)