Ingestion of Caustic Substances

Description

General measures

---

T54.1A/T54.2/T54.3/T54.9 + (X46.99/X66.99/Y16.99)

DESCRIPTION

• Alkaline: Toilet bowl cleaners, drain cleaners, oven cleaners.
• Acids: Various e.g. domestic descalers.
• Caustic substances can cause necrosis of the gut mucosa and underlying tissue, resulting in acute perforation (particularly strong alkalis), and possible strictures later (which can occur with acids and alkalis). Concentrated caustic substances are more corrosive and present a higher risk for necrosis.

GENERAL MEASURES

• No activated charcoal, forced emesis, or gastric lavage.
• Rinse mouth with copious amounts of cold water.
• Make patient nil by mouth and set up IV access.
• If persistent vomiting, drooling or any difficulty in swallowing, patient may require endoscopic evaluation within 24-48 hours and possible surgical intervention. (Discuss with a specialist).

LoE:Ivb^lix 

Click here to access the pdf.

---

Standard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Adult Hospital Level, 2020-2024_Version 2.0_27 March 2025

Chapter 19 Poisoning_19.16 Ingestion of Caustic Substances