References
1 Long term Management (Stroke): Pollock A, Baer G, Campbell P, Choo PL, Forster A, Morris J, Pomeroy VM, Langhorne P. Physical rehabilitation approaches for the recovery of function and mobility following stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Apr 22;2014(4):CD001920. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001920.pub3. PMID: 24756870; PMCID: PMC6465059.-course analysis of randomised trials. Lancet. 2016 Jul
1 Long term Management (Stroke): Pollock A, Baer G, Campbell P, Choo PL, Forster A, Morris J, Pomeroy VM, Langhorne P. Physical rehabilitation approaches for the recovery of function and mobility following stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Apr 22;2014(4):CD001920. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001920.pub3. PMID: 24756870; PMCID: PMC6465059.-course analysis of randomised trials. Lancet. 2016 Jul 23;388(10042):365-375. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27209146
2 Aspirin, oral (pre-referral dose in acute stroke): Sandercock PA, Counsell C, Tseng MC, Cecconi E. Oral antiplatelet therapy for acute ischaemic stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Mar 26;(3):CD000029. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24668137
Aspirin, oral (pre-referral dose in acute stroke): Rothwell PM, Algra A, Chen Z, Diener HC, Norrving B, Mehta Z. Effects of aspirin on risk and severity of early recurrent stroke after transient ischaemic attack and ischaemic stroke: time-course analysis of randomised trials. Lancet. 2016 Jul 23;388(10042):365-375. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27209146
3 Aspirin, oral (thrombolytic interaction): Luo S, Zhuang M, Zeng W, Tao J. Intravenous Thrombolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke in Patients Receiving Antiplatelet Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of 19 Studies. J Am Heart Assoc. 2016 May 20;5(5). pii: e003242. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27207999
Aspirin, oral (thrombolytic interaction): Mousa SA, Forsythe MS, Bozarth JM, Reilly TM. Effect of single oral dose of aspirin on human platelet functions and plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Cardiology. 1993;83(5-6):367-73. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8111770
Aspirin, oral (pre-referral dose in acute stroke): National Department of Health: Affordable Medicines, EDP- Primary Health Care Level. Medicine Review: Aspirin, pre-referral dose for acute stroke, March 2018. http://www.health.gov.za/
4 Aspirin, oral (secondary prevention – dosing): Sandercock PA, Counsell C, Tseng MC, Cecconi E. Oral antiplatelet therapy for acute ischaemic stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Mar 26;3:CD000029. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24668137
Aspirin, oral (secondary prevention – dosing): National Department of Health, Essential Drugs Programme: Adult Hospital Level STGs and EML, 2019. http://www.health.gov.za/
5 Referral: Bahar‐Fuchs A, Clare L, Woods B. Cognitive training and cognitive rehabilitation for mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2013, Issue 6. Art. No.: CD003260. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003260.pub2
Woods B, Aguirre E, Spector AE, Orrell M. Cognitive stimulation to improve cognitive functioning in people with dementia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD005562. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD005562.pub2
Forbes D, Forbes SC, Blake CM, Thiessen EJ, Forbes S. Exercise programs for people with dementia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2015, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD006489. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006489.pub4
Smith TO, Gilbert AW, Sreekanta A, Sahota O, Griffin XL, Cross JL, Fox C, Lamb SE. Enhanced rehabilitation and care models for adults with dementia following hip fracture surgery. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2020, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD010569. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD010569.pub3
6 Referral: Orgeta V, McDonald KR, Poliakoff E, Hindle JV, Clare L, Leroi I. Cognitive training interventions for dementia and mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Feb 26;2(2):CD011961. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011961.pub2. PMID: 32101639; PMCID: PMC7043362.
Tomlinson CL, Patel S, Meek C, Herd CP, Clarke CE, Stowe R, Shah L, Sackley CM, Deane KH, Wheatley K, Ives N. Physiotherapy versus placebo or no intervention in Parkinson's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Sep 10;2013(9):CD002817. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD002817.pub4. PMID: 24018704; PMCID: PMC7120224.
Herd CP, Tomlinson CL, Deane KH, Brady MC, Smith CH, Sackley CM, Clarke CE. Speech and language therapy versus placebo or no intervention for speech problems in Parkinson's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Aug 15;2012(8):CD002812. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD002812.pub2. PMID: 22895930; PMCID: PMC7098084.
7 Epileptic Seizure (Definition): International League Against Epilepsy. Diagnostic Manual of the epilepsies. Epigraph Vol. 18 Issue 2, Fall 2016. https://www.epilepsydiagnosis.org
8 Epileptic Seizure (Definition): International League Against Epilepsy. Epilepsy Imitators. https://www.epilepsydiagnosis.org/epilepsy-imitators.html
9 Epileptic Seizure (Definition): International League Against Epilepsy. Diagnostic Manual of the epilepsies. Epigraph Vol. 18 Issue 2, Fall 2016. https://www.epilepsydiagnosis.org
Scheffer IE, Berkovic S, Capovilla G, Connolly MB, French J, Guilhoto L. ILAE classification of epilepsies: Position paper of the ILAE Commission for Classification and Terminology. Epilepsia. 2017, 58 (4): 512-521.
10 Epileptic Seizure (Definition): Scheffer IE, Berkovic S, Capovilla G, Connolly MB, French J, Guilhoto L. ILAE classification of epilepsies: Position paper of the ILAE Commission for Classification and Terminology. Epilepsia. 2017, 58 (4): 512-521.
11 Epileptic Seizure (Definition): International League Against Epilepsy. Diagnostic Manual of the epilepsies. Epigraph Vol. 18 Issue 2, Fall 2016. https://www.epilepsydiagnosis.org
12 Epileptic Seizure (Recovery Position): Australia Wide First Aid. https://www.australiawidefirstaid.com.au/resources/cpr-guide-childre
13 Midazolam IV: Drug Doses. Author, Frank Shann. Edition, 9. Publisher, Intensive Care Unit, Royal Children's Hospital, 1996. ISBN, 0646272047, 9780646272047.
14 Diazepam IV: Drug Doses. Author, Frank Shann. Edition, 9. Publisher, Intensive Care Unit, Royal Children's Hospital, 1996. ISBN, 0646272047, 9780646272047.
15 NICE. Epilepsies in children, young people and adults. April 2022 (Updated 2025) Available at https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng217
Midazolam, buccal (children-status epilepticus): National Department of Health: Affordable Medicines, EDP-PHC level. Medicine review: Midazolam, buccal vs diazepam, rectal for the control of seizures in children, 28 May 2014. https://www.knowledgehub.org.za/content/standard-treatment-guidelines-and-essential-medicines-list
Midazolam, buccal (children-status epilepticus): McMullan J, Sasson C, Pancioli A, Silbergleit R. Midazolam versus diazepam for the treatment of status epilepticus in children and young adults: a meta-analysis. Acad Emerg Med. 2010 Jun;17(6):575-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20624136
Midazolam, buccal (children-status epilepticus): McIntyre J, Robertson S, Norris E, Appleton R, Whitehouse WP, Phillips B, Martland T, Berry K, Collier J, Smith S, Choonara I. Safety and efficacy of buccal midazolam versus rectal diazepam for emergency treatment of seizures in children: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2005 Jul 16-22;366(9481):205-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16023510
Midazolam, buccal (children-status epilepticus): Mpimbaza A, Ndeezi G, Staedke S, Rosenthal PJ, Byarugaba J. Comparison of buccal midazolam with rectal diazepam in the treatment of prolonged seizures in Ugandan children: a randomized clinical trial. Pediatrics. 2008; 121:e58–64. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18166545
Midazolam, buccal (children-status epilepticus): Scott RC, Besag FM, Neville BG. Buccal midazolam and rectal diazepam for treatment of prolonged seizures in childhood and adolescence: a randomised trial. Lancet.1999; 353:623–6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10030327
Midazolam, buccal (children-second dose): National Department of Health: Affordable Medicines, EDP-PHC level. Medicine review: Buccal midazolam (repeat dose) for status epilepticus in children - review update, 25 May 2017. https://www.knowledgehub.org.za/content/standard-treatment-guidelines-and-essential-medicines-list
Midazolam, buccal (children-second dose): Smith R, Brown J. Midazolam for status epilepticus. Aust Prescr. 2017 Feb;40(1):23-25. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28246432
Midazolam, buccal (children-second dose): World Health Organisation. mhGAP Intervention Guide Mental Health Gap Action Programme for mental, neurological and substance use disorders in non-specialized health settings, version 2.0 Geneva: World Health Organization; 2016. http://www.who.int/mental_health/mhgap/mhGAP_intervention_guide_02/en/
Midazolam, buccal (children-second dose): NICE. Epilepsies in children, young people and adults. April 2022 (Updated 2025) Available at https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng217
16 Diazepam (Rectal): NICE. Epilepsies in children, young people and adults. April 2022 (Updated 2025) Available at https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng217
17 Levetiracetam (NGT): Gettings JV, Mohammad Alizadeh Chafjiri F, Patel AA, Shorvon S, Goodkin HP, Loddenkemper T. Diagnosis and management of status epilepticus: improving the status quo. Lancet Neurol. 2025 Jan;24(1):65-76. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(24)00430-7. Epub 2024 Dec 2. Erratum in: Lancet Neurol. 2025 Feb;24(2):e2. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(24)00516-7. PMID: 39637874.
Levetiracetam (NGT): Kapur J, Elm J, Chamberlain JM, Barsan W, Cloyd J, Lowenstein D, Shinnar S, Conwit R, Meinzer C, Cock H, Fountain N, Connor JT, Silbergleit R; NETT and PECARN Investigators. Randomized Trial of Three Anticonvulsant Medications for Status Epilepticus. N Engl J Med. 2019 Nov 28;381(22):2103-2113. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1905795. PMID: 31774955; PMCID: PMC7098487.
18 Midazolam, buccal (children-status epilepticus): National Department of Health: Affordable Medicines, EDP-PHC level. Medicine review: Midazolam, buccal vs diazepam, rectal for the control of seizures in children, 28 May 2014. https://www.knowledgehub.org.za/content/standard-treatment-guidelines-and-essential-medicines-list
Midazolam, buccal (children-status epilepticus): McMullan J, Sasson C, Pancioli A, Silbergleit R. Midazolam versus diazepam for the treatment of status epilepticus in children and young adults: a meta-analysis. Acad Emerg Med. 2010 Jun;17(6):575-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20624136
Midazolam, buccal (children-status epilepticus): McIntyre J, Robertson S, Norris E, Appleton R, Whitehouse WP, Phillips B, Martland T, Berry K, Collier J, Smith S, Choonara I. Safety and efficacy of buccal midazolam versus rectal diazepam for emergency treatment of seizures in children: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2005 Jul 16-22;366(9481):205-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16023510
Midazolam, buccal (children-status epilepticus): Mpimbaza A, Ndeezi G, Staedke S, Rosenthal PJ, Byarugaba J. Comparison of buccal midazolam with rectal diazepam in the treatment of prolonged seizures in Ugandan children: a randomized clinical trial. Pediatrics. 2008; 121:e58–64. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18166545
Midazolam, buccal (children-status epilepticus): Scott RC, Besag FM, Neville BG. Buccal midazolam and rectal diazepam for treatment of prolonged seizures in childhood and adolescence: a randomised trial. Lancet.1999; 353:623–6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10030327
Midazolam, buccal (children-second dose): National Department of Health: Affordable Medicines, EDP-PHC level. Medicine review: Buccal midazolam (repeat dose) for status epilepticus in children - review update, 25 May 2017. https://www.knowledgehub.org.za/content/standard-treatment-guidelines-and-essential-medicines-list
Midazolam, buccal (children-second dose): Smith R, Brown J. Midazolam for status epilepticus. Aust Prescr. 2017 Feb;40(1):23-25. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28246432
Midazolam, buccal (children-second dose): World Health Organisation. mhGAP Intervention Guide Mental Health Gap Action Programme for mental, neurological and substance use disorders in non-specialized health settings, version 2.0 Geneva: World Health Organization; 2016. http://www.who.int/mental_health/mhgap/mhGAP_intervention_guide_02/en/
Midazolam, buccal (children-second dose): NICE. Epilepsies in children, young people and adults. April 2022 (Updated 2025) Available at https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng217
19 Valproate – caution in pregnancy: European Medicines Agency - Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee. Assessment report EMA/198940/2018 - valproate exposure in pregnancy, 8 February 2018. http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Referrals_document/Valproate_2017_31/Position_provided_by_CMDh/WC500250221.pdf
Valproate – caution in pregnancy: Meador K, Reynolds MW, Crean S, Fahrbach K, Probst C. Pregnancy outcomes in women with epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of published pregnancy registries and cohorts. Epilepsy Res. 2008 Sep;81(1):1-13. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18565732
20 Epileptic Seizure (Recovery Position): Ausmed Adult Basic Life Support. https://www.ausmed.com/learn/articles/basic-life-support
21 Midazolam IM/IV: Silbergleit R, Durkalski V, Lowenstein D, Conwit R, Pancioli A, Palesch Y, Barsan W; NETT Investigators. Intramuscular versus intravenous therapy for prehospital status epilepticus. N Engl J Med. 2012 Feb 16;366(7):591-600. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22335736
Midazolam IM/IV: NICE. Epilepsies in children, young people and adults. April 2022 (Updated 2025) Available at https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng217NICE. Epilepsies in children, young people and adults. April 2022 (Updated 2025) Available at https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng217
22 Diazepam IV (status epilepticus): Prasad M, Krishnan PR, Sequeira R, Al-Roomi K. Anticonvulsant therapy for 2014 Sep 10;(9):CD003723. NICE. Epilepsies in children, young people and adults. April 2022 (Updated 2025) Available at https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng217
23 Diazepam (Rectal): Glauser T, Shinnar S, Gloss D, Alldredge B, Arya R, Bainbridge J, Bare M, Bleck T, Dodson WE, Garrity L, Jagoda A, Lowenstein D, Pellock J, Riviello J, Sloan E, Treiman DM. Evidence-Based Guideline: Treatment of Convulsive Status Epilepticus in Children and Adults: Report of the Guideline Committee of the American Epilepsy Society. Epilepsy Curr. 2016 Jan-Feb;16(1):48-61. doi: 10.5698/1535-7597-16.1.48. PMID: 26900382; PMCID: PMC4749120.
24 Levetiacetam (NGT): Shibata et al. Early enteral levetiracetam in diazepam-resistant convulsive status epilepticus. Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience 4 (2016) 209–214. doi:10.1111/ncn3.12078
25 Febrile seizures definition: National Department of Health, Essential Drugs Programme: Paediatric Hospital Level STGs and EML, 2017. http://www.health.gov.za/
26 Epilepsy (Classification): Scheffer IE, Berkovic S, Capovilla G, Connolly MB, French J, Guilhoto L. ILAE classification of epilepsies: Position paper of the ILAE Commission for Classification and Terminology. Epilepsia. 2017, 58 (4): 512-521.
27 Risk of congenital structural malformations and neurodevelopment harms: Pennell PB. Neurotherapeutics. 2016 and Medicines & Healthcare products Regulatory Agency safety leaflet).
28 Epilepsy (Focal): Nevitt SJ, Sudell M, Cividini S, Marson AG, Tudur Smith C. Antiepileptic drug monotherapy for epilepsy: a network meta-analysis of individual participant data. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Apr 1;4(4):CD011412. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011412.pub4. PMID: 35363878; PMCID: PMC8974892.
29 Epilepsy (Medicine Treatment): NICE. Epilepsies in children, young people and adults. April 2022 (Updated 2025) Available at https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng217
30 Lamotrigine, oral (dose titration): University of Cape Town, Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacology. (2024). South African Medicines Formulary (SAMF). SAMF website. https://samf-app.com
Lamotrigine, oral (dose titration): South African Health Product Regulatory Authority. Approved Professional Information Package. Lamotrigine. Available at https://pi-pil-repository.sahpra.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/PI-Approved-Lamilepsy-31012025.pdf
Lamotrigine, oral (dose titration): Western Cape Department of Health, Lamotrigine dose titration protocol, 2019.
31 Valproic acid – caution in pregnancy and child-bearing potential: NICE. Epilepsies in children, young people and adults. April 2022 (Updated 2025) Available at https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng217
European Medicines Agency - Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee. Assessment report
Gov.UK. MHRA instructs health organisations to prepare now for new measures to reduce ongoing serious harms of valproate. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/news/mhra-instructs-health-organisations-to-prepare-now-for-new-measures-to-reduce-ongoing-serious-harms-of-valproate. Accessed: 5 December 2023.
32 Valproate – caution in pregnancy: European Medicines Agency - Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee. Assessment report EMA/198940/2018 - valproate exposure in pregnancy, 8 February 2018. http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Referrals_document/Valproate_2017_31/Position_provided_by_CMDh/WC500250221.pdf
Valproate – caution in pregnancy: Meador K, Reynolds MW, Crean S, Fahrbach K, Probst C. Pregnancy outcomes in women with epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of published pregnancy registries and cohorts. Epilepsy Res. 2008 Sep;81(1):1-13. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18565732
33 Anti-epileptic drug-drug interactions: National Department of Health, Essential Drugs Programme: Adult Hospital Level STGs and EML, 2019. http://www.health.gov.za/
34 Epilepsy (Medicine Treatment): NICE. Epilepsies in children, young people and adults. April 2022 (Updated 2025) Available at https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng217
35 Lamotrigine, oral (dose titration): University of Cape Town, Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacology. (2024). South African Medicines Formulary (SAMF). SAMF website. https://samf-app.com
Lamotrigine, oral (dose titration): South African Health Product Regulatory Authority. Approved Professional Information Package. Lamotrigine. Available at https://pi-pil-repository.sahpra.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/PI-Approved-Lamilepsy-31012025.pdf
Lamotrigine, oral (dose titration): Western Cape Department of Health, Lamotrigine dose titration protocol, 2019.
36 Lamotrigine, drug-drug interactions with ART (adults): National Department of Health, Essential Drugs Programme: Adult Hospital Level STGs and EML, 2019. http://www.health.gov.za/
Lamotrigine, drug-drug interactions with ART (adults): National Department of Health. 2019 ART Clinical Guidelines for the Management of HIV in Adults, Pregnancy, Adolescents, Children, and Infants Neonates. https://www.knowledgehub.org.za/elibrary/2019-art-clinical-guidelines-management-hiv-adults-pregnancy-adolescents-children-and-infants
37 Carbamazepine, oral: Gigli GL, Placidi F, Diomedi M, Maschio M, Silvestri G, Scalise A, Marciani MG. Nocturnal sleep and daytime somnolence in untreated patients with temporal lobe epilepsy: changes after treatment with controlled-release carbamazepine. Epilepsia. 1997 Jun;38(6):696-701. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9186252
38 (This number was absent from your provided text. If an entry belongs here, please provide it.)
39 Ceftriaxone: BNF for children (BNFc). 2020-21 Ed.
Ceftriaxone: South African Medicines Formulary, 14th Edition. Division of Clinical Pharmacology. University of Cape Town, 2022.
40 Antibiotic pre-referral doses for listeriosis (additional ampicillin/cotrimoxazole): National Institute of Communicable Diseases. Listeriosis: Clinical recommendations for diagnosis and treatment, 5 December 2017. http://www.nicd.ac.za/
41 Ciprofloxacin: Meiring S, Cohen C, de Gouveia L, du Plessis M, Kularatne R, Hoosen A, Lekalakala R, Lengana S, Seetharam S, Naicker P, Quan V, Reubenson G, Tempia S, von Mollendorf C, von Gottberg A; GERMS-SA. Declining Incidence of Invasive Meningococcal Disease in South Africa: 2003-2016. Clin Infect Dis. 2019 Jul 18;69(3):495-504. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciy914. PMID: 30351372; PMCID: PMC7848805. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30351372/
42 Corticosteroids, intermediate-acting, oral (therapeutic class - adults): National Department of Health, Essential Drugs Programme: Adult Hospital Level STGs and EML, 2019. http://www.health.gov.za/
Corticosteroids, intermediate-acting, oral (therapeutic class - adults): South African Medicines Formulary, 14th Edition. Division of Clinical Pharmacology. University of Cape Town, 2022.
43 Prednisone, oral (adults: within 72 hours): Madhok VB, Gagyor I, Daly F, Somasundara D, Sullivan M, Gammie F, Sullivan F. Corticosteroids for Bell's palsy (idiopathic facial paralysis). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Jul 18;7:CD001942. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27428352
Prednisone, oral (adults: within 48 hours): Axelsson S, Berg T, Jonsson L, Engström M, Kanerva M, Pitkäranta A, Stjernquist-Desatnik A. Prednisolone in Bell's palsy related to treatment start and age. Otol Neurotol. 2011 Jan;32(1):141-6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21099725
44 Corticosteroids, intermediate-acting, oral (therapeutic class - paediatrics): South African Medicines Formulary, 14th Edition. Division of Clinical Pharmacology. University of Cape Town, 2022.
45 Referral: Mustapa A, Justine M, Mohd Mustafah N, Jamil N, Manaf H. Postural Control and Gait Performance in the Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: A Systematic Review. Biomed Res Int. 2016;2016:9305025. doi: 10.1155/2016/9305025. Epub 2016 Jul 20. PMID: 27525281; PMCID: PMC4971307.
Dixit S, Gular K, Asiri F. Effect of diverse physical rehabilitative interventions on static postural control in diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a systematic review. Physiother Theory Pract. 2020 Jun;36(6):679-690. doi: 10.1080/09593985.2018.1491078. Epub 2018 Jul 6. PMID: 29979897.
Streckmann, F., Zopf, E.M., Lehmann, H.C. et al. Exercise Intervention Studies in Patients with Peripheral Neuropathy: A Systematic Review. Sports Med 44, 1289–1304 (2014). https://doiorg.ez.sun.ac.za/10.1007/s40279-014-0207-5
Hermans G, De Jonghe B, Bruyninckx F, Van den Berghe G. Interventions for preventing critical illness polyneuropathy and critical illness myopathy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Jan 30;2014(1):CD006832. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006832.pub3. PMID: 24477672; PMCID: PMC7390458.
46 Referral: Chorna O, Hamm E, Cummings C, Fetters A, Maitre NL. Speech and language interventions for infants aged 0 to 2 years at high risk for cerebral palsy: a systematic review. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2017 Apr;59(4):355-360. doi: 10.1111/dmcn.13342. Epub 2016 Nov 29. PMID: 27897320; PMCID: PMC5395422.
47 Referral: Gaspar R, Padula N, Freitas TB, de Oliveira JPJ, Torriani-Pasin C. Physical Exercise for Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury: Systematic Review Based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health. J Sport Rehabil. 2019 Jul 1;28(5):505-516. doi: 10.1123/jsr.2017-0185. Epub 2019 Feb 19. PMID: 30300056.
Standard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Primary Healthcare, 2020-4_Version 1.0_26 May 2025
Chapter 15: Central Nervous System Conditions_References