References - Dermatology
Standard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 Edition
i Cyproterone acetate 2 mg plus Ethinyl Estradiol 35 µg, oral: Arowojolu AO, Gallo MF, Lopez LM, Grimes DA. Combined oral contraceptive pills for treatment of acne. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Jul 11;7:CD004425. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22786490
Cyproterone acetate 2 mg plus Ethinyl Estradiol 35 µg, oral South African Medicines Formulary, 14th Edition. Division of Clinical Pharmacology. University of Cape Town, 2022.
ii Cephalexin: National Department of Health: Affordable Medicines, EDP- Primary Healthcare and Adult Hospital Level. Medicine Review: Evidence summary of the use of cephalexin for S Aureus skin infections, September 2022.
iii Intravenous antibiotics (severe cellulitis and erysipelas): Stevens DL, Bisno AL, Chambers HF, Dellinger EP, Goldstein EJ, Gorbach SL, Hirschmann JV, Kaplan SL, Montoya JG, Wade JC; Infectious Diseases Society of America. Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of skin and soft tissue infections: 2014 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2014 Jul 15;59(2):e10-52. https://www.idsociety.org/practice-guideline/skin-and-soft-tissue-infections/
iv Cefazolin, IV: Loubet P, Burdet C, Vindrios W, Grall N, Wolff M, Yazdanpanah Y, AndremontA, Duval X, Lescure FX. Cefazolin versus anti-staphylococcal penicillins for treatment of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia: a narrative review. ClinMicrobiol Infect. 2017 Jul 8.pii: S1198-743X(17)303580. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28698037
Cefazolin, IV: Bai AD, Showler A, Burry L, Steinberg M, Ricciuto DR, Fernandes T, Chiu A, Raybardhan S, Science M, Fernando E, Tomlinson G, Bell CM, Morris AM. Comparative effectiveness of cefazolin versus cloxacillin as definitive antibiotic therapy for MSSA bacteraemia: results from a large multicentre cohort study. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2015 May;70(5):1539-46. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25614044 Cefazolin, IV: Perovic O, Singh-Moodley A, Govender NP, Kularatne R, Whitelaw A, Chibabhai V, Naicker P, Mbelle N, Lekalakala R, Quan V, Samuel C, Van Schalkwyk E; for GERMS-SA. A small proportion of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia, compared to healthcare-associated cases, in two South African provinces. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2017 Dec;36(12):2519-2532. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28849285
Cefazolin, IV: Stevens DL, Bisno AL, Chambers HF, Dellinger EP, Goldstein EJ, Gorbach SL, Hirschmann JV, Kaplan SL, Montoya JG, Wade JC; Infectious Diseases Society of America. Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of skin and soft tissue infections: 2014 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2014 Jul 15;59(2):e10-52. https://www.idsociety.org/practice-guideline/skin-and-soft-tissue-infections/
v Cefazolin, IV: Bai AD, Showler A, Burry L, Steinberg M, Ricciuto DR, Fernandes T, Chiu A, Raybardhan S, Science M, Fernando E, Tomlinson G, Bell CM, Morris AM. Comparative effectiveness of cefazolin versus cloxacillin as definitive antibiotic therapy for MSSA bacteraemia: results from a large multicentre cohort study. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2015 May;70(5):1539-46. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25614044 Cefazolin, IV: Perovic O, Singh-Moodley A, Govender NP, Kularatne R, Whitelaw A, Chibabhai V, Naicker P, Mbelle N, Lekalakala R, Quan V, Samuel C, Van Schalkwyk E; for GERMS-SA. A small proportion of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia, compared to healthcare-associated cases, in two South African provinces. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2017 Dec;36(12):2519-2532. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28849285
Cefazolin, IV: Loubet P, Burdet C, Vindrios W, Grall N, Wolff M, Yazdanpanah Y, AndremontA, Duval X, Lescure FX. Cefazolin versus anti-staphylococcal penicillins for treatment of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia: a narrative review. ClinMicrobiol Infect. 2017 Jul 8.pii: S1198-743X(17)303580. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28698037
Cefazolin, IV: Stevens DL, Bisno AL, Chambers HF, Dellinger EP, Goldstein EJ, Gorbach SL, Hirschmann JV, Kaplan SL, Montoya JG, Wade JC; Infectious Diseases Society of America. Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of skin and soft tissue infections: 2014 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2014 Jul 15;59(2):e10-52. https://www.idsociety.org/practice-guideline/skin-and-soft-tissue-infections/
vi Sørensen JA, Clemmensen KK, Nixon RL, Diepgen TL, Agner T. Tobacco smoking and hand eczema - is there an association? Contact Dermatitis. 2015 Dec;73(6):326-35. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26140658/
vii Aqueous cream and emollients: Tsang M, Guy RH. Effect of aqueous cream BP on human stratum corneum in vivo. Br J Dermatol 2010; 163:954–8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20649794
Aqueous cream and emollients: Mohammed D, Matts PJ, Hadgraft J, Lane ME. Influence of aqueous cream BP on corneocyte size, maturity, skin protease activity, protein content and transepidermal water loss. Br J Dermatol 2011; 164:1304–10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21443526
Aqueous cream and emollients: Danby S, Cork MJ. A new understanding of atopic dermatitis: the role of epidermal barrier dysfunction and subclinical inflammation. J ClinDermatol 2010; 1:33–46. Aqueous cream and emollients: Hoare C, Li Wan Po A,Williams H. Systematic review of treatments of atopic eczema. Health Technol Assess 2000;4(37). http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11134919
Aqueous cream and emollients: Lewis-Jones S, Cork MJ, Clark C et al. Atopic Eczema in Children – Guideline Consultation: A Systematic Review of the Treatments for Atopic Eczema and Guideline for its Management. London: National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE), 2007. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg57
viii Potent and very potent corticosteroids, topical: Green C, Colquitt JL, Kirby J, Davidson P, Payne E. Clinical and cost-effectiveness of once daily versus more frequent use of same potency topical corticosteroids for atopic eczema: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess. 2004 Nov;8(47):iii,iv, 1-120. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15527669
ix Aciclovir, oral: Workowski KA, Bolan GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2015;64; RR-3):1-140. http://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/tg-2015-print.pdf
x Aciclovir, IV: Cernik C, Gallina K, Brodell RT. The treatment of herpes simplex infections:an evidence-based review. Arch Intern Med. 2008 Jun 9;168(11):1137-44. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18541820
Aciclovir, IV: South African Medicines Formulary, 14th Edition. Division of Clinical Pharmacology. University of Cape Town, 2022.
xi Dressing: Palfreyman SJ, Nelson EA, Lochiel R, Michaels JA. Dressings for healing venous leg ulcers. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006 Jul 19;(3):CD001103. Review. Update in: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;5:CD001103. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16855958
xii Potent topical corticosteroids (therapeutic class): South African Medicines Formulary, 14th Edition. Division of Clinical Pharmacology. University of Cape Town, 2022.
xiii Potent topical corticosteroids (therapeutic class): South African Medicines Formulary, 14th Edition. Division of Clinical Pharmacology. University of Cape Town, 2022.
xiv Potent topical corticosteroids (therapeutic class): South African Medicines Formulary, 14th Edition. Division of Clinical Pharmacology. University of Cape Town, 2022.
xv Fluconazole, oral: Gupta AK, Ryder JE, Johnson AM. Cumulative meta-analysis of systemic antifungal agents for the treatment of onychomycosis. Br J Dermatol. 2004 Mar;150(3):537-44. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15030339
Fluconazole: Nozickova M, Koudelkova V, Kulikova Z, Malina L, Urbanowski S, Silny W. A comparison of the efficacy of oral fluconazole, 150 mg/week versus 50 mg/day, in the treatment of tinea corporis, tinea cruris, tinea pedis, and cutaneous candidosis. Int J Dermatol. 1998 Sep;37(9):703-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9762826
Fluconazole: Faergemann J, Mörk NJ, Haglund A, Odegård T. A multicentre (double-blind) comparative study to assess the safety and efficacy of fluconazole andgriseofulvin in the treatment of tinea corporis and tinea cruris. Br J Dermatol.1997 Apr;136(4):575-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/91559
xvi Podophyllotoxin 0.5%, topical: National Department of Health: Affordable Medicines, EDP-Adult Hospital level. Medicine Review: Ano-genital warts, May 2018. https://www.knowledgehub.org.za/content/standard-treatment-guidelines-and-essential-medicines-list. Podophyllotoxin 0.5%, topical: Thurgar E, Barton S, Karner C, Edwards SJ. Clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of interventions for the treatment of anogenital warts: systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess. 2016 Mar;20(24):v-vi, 1-486. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27034016
Podophyllin 20% in compound tincture benzoin BP, topical: Thurgar E, Barton S, Karner C, Edwards SJ. Clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of interventions for the treatment of anogenital warts: systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess. 2016 Mar;20(24):v-vi, 1-486. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27034016
Standard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Adult Hospital Level, 2020-2024_Version 1.0_07 November 2024
Chapter 4 Dermatology_References - Dermatology