References - Kidney and Urological Disorders
Urology
1 Inker LA, Eneanya ND, Coresh J, et al., for the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration. New Creatinine- and Cystatin C-Based Equations to Estimate GFR without Race.N Engl J Med. 2021 November 4, 385 (19):1737-1749.
Hahn D, Hodson EM, Fouque D. Low protein diets for non-diabetic adults with chronic kidney disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Oct 29;10(10):CD001892. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001892.pub5. PMID: 33118160; PMCID: PMC8095031.
2 Stevens PE, Ahmed SB, Carrero JJ, Foster B, Francis A, Hall RK, Herrington WG, Hill G, Inker LA, Kazancıoğlu R, Lamb E. KDIGO 2024 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. Kidney international. 2024 Apr 1;105(4):S117-314.
3 Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group. KDIGO 2024 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney Int. 2024 Apr;105(4S):S117-S314. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.10.018. PMID: 38490803. 5 ways to 5 grams | Heart & Stroke Foundation | South Africa [Internet]. Heart & Stroke Foundation | South Africa. 2018 [cited 2024 Aug 1]. Available from: https://heartfoundation.co.za/topical_articles/5-ways-to-5-grams/
Why should I limit the salt in my food? - MyDynamics [Internet]. MyDynamics. 2021 [cited 2024 Aug 1]. Available from: https://www.mydynamics.co.za/nutrition/why-should-i-limit-the-salt-in-my-food/
4 Rehabilitation support for severe CKD: de Medeiros AIC, Fuzari HKB, Rattesa C, Brandão DC, de Melo Marinho PÉ. Inspiratory muscle training improves respiratory muscle strength, functional capacity and quality of life in patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review. J Physiother. 2017 Apr;63(2):76-83. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28433237/
Hsu HT, Chiang YC, Lai YH, Lin LY, Hsieh HF, Chen JL. Effectiveness of Multidisciplinary Care for Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs. 2021 Feb;18(1):33-41. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33247619/
Natale P, Ruospo M, Saglimbene VM, Palmer SC, Strippoli GF. Interventions for improving sleep quality in people with chronic kidney disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 May 26;5(5):CD012625. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31129916/
5 Furosemide, oral (eGFR cut-off): Levin A, Stevens PE. Summary of KDIGO 2012 CKD Guideline: behind the scenes, need for guidance, and a framework for moving forward. Kidney Int. 2014 Jan;85(1):49-61. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24284513
Furosemide, oral (eGFR cut-off): South African Medicines Formulary, 14th Edition. Division of Clinical Pharmacology. University of Cape Town, 2022.
6 Urinary tract infection definitions: Johansen TE, Botto H, Cek M, Grabe M, Tenke P, Wagenlehner FM, Naber KG. Critical review of current definitions of urinary tract infections and proposal of an EAU/ESIU classification system. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2011 Dec;38 Suppl:64-70. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22018988/
7 Gentamicin, parenteral: National Department of Health: Affordable Medicines, EDP-Adult Hospital level. Medicine Review: Gentamicin for uncomplicated UTI, November 2019. https://www.knowledgehub.org.za/content/standard-treatment-guidelines-andessential-medicines-list
Gentamicin, parenteral: Goodlet KJ, Benhalima FZ, Nailor MD. A Systematic Review of Single-Dose Aminoglycoside Therapy for Urinary Tract Infection: Is It Time To Resurrect an Old Strategy? Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2018 Dec 21;63(1). pii: e02165-18. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30397061 Gentamicin, parenteral: National Department of Health: Affordable Medicines, EDP-PHC/Adult Hospital level. Summary Review: Antimicrobials for uncomplicated UTI in adults, October 2020. https://www.knowledgehub.org.za/content/standard-treatment-guidelinesand-essential-medicines-list Gentamicin, parenteral: National Department of Health: Affordable Medicines, EDP-PHC/Adult Hospital level. Summary Review: Gentamicin dosing for uncomplicated UTI in adults, October 2020. https://www.knowledgehub.org.za/content/standard-treatmentguidelines-and-essential-medicines-list Gentamicin, parenteral: Stamey, T. A., D. E. Govani and J. M. Palmer. 1965. The localization and treatment of urinary tract infections: the role of bactericidal urine levels as opposed to serum levels. Medicine (Baltimore). 1965 Jan;44:1-36. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14264351/
Gentamicin, parenteral: Sandoz Canada Inc. Product monograph: PrGentamicin Injection USP, 29 August 2017. https://www.sandoz.ca/sites/www.sandoz.ca/files/Gentamicin%20Inj%20Product%20Monograph.pdf
8 Fosfomycin, oral: Falagas ME, Vouloumanou EK, Togias AG, Karadima M, Kapaskelis AM, Rafailidis PI, Athanasiou S. Fosfomycin versus other antibiotics for the treatment of cystitis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2010 Sep;65(9):1862-77. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20587612
Fosfomycin, oral: Lewis DA, Gumede LY, van der Hoven LA, de Gita GN, de Kock EJ, de Lange T, Maseko V, Kekana V, Smuts FP, Perovic O. Antimicrobial susceptibility of organisms causing community-acquired urinary tract infections in Gauteng Province, South Africa. S Afr Med J. 2013 Mar 15;103(6):377-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23725955
9 Huttner A, Verhaegh EM, Harbarth S, Muller AE, Theuretzbacher U, Mouton JW. Nitrofurantoin revisited: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2015 Sep;70(9):2456-64. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26066581
Nitrofurantoin, oral: Zalmanovici Trestioreanu A, Green H, Paul M, Yaphe J, Leibovici L. Antimicrobial agents for treating uncomplicated urinary tract infection in women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Oct 6;(10):CD007182. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20927755
Nitrofurantoin, oral: Lewis DA, Gumede LY, van der Hoven LA, de Gita GN, de Kock EJ, de Lange T, Maseko V, Kekana V, Smuts FP, Perovic O. Antimicrobial susceptibility of organisms causing community-acquired urinary tract infections in Gauteng Province, South Africa. S Afr Med J. 2013 Mar 15;103(6):377-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23725955
Nitrofurantoin, oral: Nordeng H, Lupattelli A, Romøren M, Koren G. Neonatal outcomes after gestational exposure to nitrofurantoin. Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Feb;121(2 Pt 1):306-13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23344280
10 Fosfomycin, oral: Falagas ME, Vouloumanou EK, Togias AG, Karadima M, Kapaskelis AM, Rafailidis PI, Athanasiou S. Fosfomycin versus other antibiotics for the treatment of cystitis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2010 Sep;65(9):1862-77. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20587612
Fosfomycin, oral: Lewis DA, Gumede LY, van der Hoven LA, de Gita GN, de Kock EJ, de Lange T, Maseko V, Kekana V, Smuts FP, Perovic O. Antimicrobial susceptibility of organisms causing community-acquired urinary tract infections in Gauteng Province, South Africa. S Afr Med J. 2013 Mar 15;103(6):377-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23725955
11 Huttner A, Verhaegh EM, Harbarth S, Muller AE, Theuretzbacher U, Mouton JW. Nitrofurantoin revisited: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2015 Sep;70(9):2456-64. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26066581
Nitrofurantoin, oral: Zalmanovici Trestioreanu A, Green H, Paul M, Yaphe J, Leibovici L. Antimicrobial agents for treating uncomplicated urinary tract infection in women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Oct 6;(10):CD007182. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20927755
Nitrofurantoin, oral: Lewis DA, Gumede LY, van der Hoven LA, de Gita GN, de Kock EJ, de Lange T, Maseko V, Kekana V, Smuts FP, Perovic O. Antimicrobial susceptibility of organisms causing community-acquired urinary tract infections in Gauteng Province, South Africa. S Afr Med J. 2013 Mar 15;103(6):377-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23725955
Nitrofurantoin, oral: Nordeng H, Lupattelli A, Romøren M, Koren G. Neonatal outcomes after gestational exposure to nitrofurantoin. Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Feb;121(2 Pt 1):306-13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23344280
12 Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid – Children ≤ 35 kg: Bosch FJ, van Vuuren C, Joubert G. Antimicrobial resistance patterns in outpatient urinary tract infections--the constant need to revise prescribing habits. S Afr Med J. 2011 May;101(5):328-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21837876
Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid – Children ≤ 35 kg: Zorc JJ, Kiddoo DA, Shaw KN. Diagnosis and management of pediatric urinary tract infections. ClinMicrobiol Rev. 2005 Apr;18(2):417-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15831830
Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid – Children ≤ 35 kg: Bamford C, Bonorchis K, Ryan A, Hoffmann R, Naicker P, Maloba M, Nana T, Zietsman I, Govind C. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Escherichia coli strains isolated from urine samples in South Africa from 2007-2011. South Afr J Epidemiol Infect 2012;27(2):46-52. http://www.sajei.co.za/index.php/SAJEI/article/view/483
Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid – Children ≤ 35 kg: Lewis DA, Gumede LY, van der Hoven LA, de Gita GN, de Kock EJ, de Lange T, Maseko V, Kekana V, Smuts FP, Perovic O. Antimicrobial susceptibility of organisms causing community-acquired urinary tract infections in Gauteng Province, South Africa. S Afr Med J. 2013 Mar 15;103(6):377-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23725955
Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid – Children ≤ 35 kg: Fitzgerald A, Mori R, Lakhanpaul M, Tullus K. Antibiotics for treating lower urinary tract infection in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Aug 15;8:CD006857. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22895956
Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid – Children ≤ 35 kg: Keren R, Chan E. A meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials comparing shortand long-course antibiotic therapy for urinary tract infections in children. Pediatrics. 2002 May;109(5):E70-0. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11986476 Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid – Children ≤ 35 kg: Downs SM. Technical report: urinary tract infections in febrile infants and young children. The Urinary Tract Subcommittee of the American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Quality Improvement. Pediatrics. 1999 Apr;103(4):e54. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10103346
Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid – Children ≤ 35 kg: American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Quality Improvement. Subcommittee on Urinary Tract Infection. Pediatrics. 1999 Apr;103(4 Pt 1):843-52. Erratum in: Pediatrics1999 May;103(5 Pt 1):1052, 1999 Jul;104(1 Pt 1):118. 2000 Jan;105(1 Pt 1):141. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10103321
Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid – Children ≤ 35 kg: Kennedy KM, Glynn LG, Dineen B. A survey of the management of urinary tract infection in children in primary care and comparison with the NICE guidelines. BMC Fam Pract. 2010 Jan 26;11:6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20102638
Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid – Children ≤ 35 kg: Shann F. Drug doses, 15th edition, 2010. Intensive Care Unit,Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia. Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid – Children ≤ 35 kg: Triomed, RSA. Package insert for Augmaxcil®S, SF (Powder for suspension, suspension forte). 1997. Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid – Children ≤ 35 kg: Montini G, Toffolo A, Zucchetta P, Dall'Amico R, Gobber D, Calderan A, Maschio F, Pavanello L, Molinari PP, Scorrano D, Zanchetta S, Cassar W, Brisotto P, Corsini A, Sartori S, Da Dalt L, Murer L, Zacchello G. Antibiotic treatment for pyelonephritis in children: multicentre randomised controlled non-inferiority trial. BMJ. 2007 Aug 25;335(7616):386. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17611232
13 Azithromycin, oral: National Department of Health, Essential Drugs Programme: Primary Health Care STGs and EML, 2018. http://www.health.gov.za/ Azithromycin, oral: Azithromycin: Lau CY, Qureshi AK. Azithromycin versus doxycycline for genital chlamydial infections: a metaanalysis of randomized clinical trials. Sex Transm Dis. 2002 Sep;29(9):497-502. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12218839
14 Ciprofloxacin – cystitis associated with prostatitis: Lewis DA, Gumede LY, van der Hoven LA, de Gita GN, de Kock EJ, de Lange T, Maseko V, Kekana V, Smuts FP, Perovic O. Antimicrobial susceptibility of organisms causing community-acquired urinary tract infections in Gauteng Province, South Africa. S Afr Med J. 2013 Mar 15;103(6):377-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23725955
Standard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Primary Healthcare, 2020-2024_Version 1.0_17 October 2024
Chapter 8: Kidney and Urological Disorders_References