South African National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey-1 (SANHANES-1)
South African National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey-1 (SANHANES-1)
| Prevalence (mean %) of metabolic syndrome features in persons >15 years | ||||||||||
| LIPID PROFILE |
Male |
Female |
45-54 yrs |
55-64 yrs |
65+ yrs |
African |
White |
Coloured |
Asian |
Total |
| TC > 5.0 mmol/l | 18.9 | 28.1 | 37.6 | 41.3 | 43.2 | 20.6 | 55.5 | 34.2 | 43.4 | 23.9 |
| HDL >1.2 mmol/l | 52.5 | 44.1 | 49.3 | 42.5 | 45.9 | 49.0 | 32.1 | 44.7 | 52.9 | 47.9 |
| LDL > 3.0 mmol/l | 18.6 | 29.6 | 36.4 | 41.4 | 40.7 | 21.5 | 50.3 | 34.3 | 48.6 | 24.6 |
| Trig > 1.7 mmol/l | 28.3 | 21.3 | 41.2 | 36.7 | 37.4 | 22.0 | 56.2 | 29.7 | 45.7 | 24.5 |
| BLOOD PRESSURE | ||||||||||
| BP >140/90 mmHg | 10.2 | 10.2 | 19.5 | 21.5 | 18.9 | 9.9 | 12.2 | 11.8 | 7.3 | 10.2* |
| GLYCAEMIA | ||||||||||
| HbA1c > 6.5% | 7.9 | 11.0 | 16.7 | 24.4 | 19.0 | 8.2 | 8.1 | 13.4 | 30.7 | 9.5 |
| HbA1c 6.1 - 6.5% | 7.7 | 10.0 | 11.2 | 13.9 | 19.9 | 8.7 | 4.0 | 11.2 | 11.1 | 8.9 |
| BMI MALES | ||||||||||
| BMI 25 - 29.9 kg/m2 | - | - | 31.2 | 25.9 | 40.4 | 19.1 | § | 22.1 | 32.2 | 20.1 |
| BMI > 29.9 kg/m2 | - | - | 18.7 | 19.3 | 13.1 | 9.4 | § | 15.1 | 7.6 | 10.6 |
| WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE MALES | ||||||||||
| Waist > 94 cm | - | - | 39.9 | 34.1 | 39.7 | 17.4 | § | 25.7 | 36.9 | 20.2 |
| Waist > 102 cm | - | - | 22.1 | 16.3 | 16.1 | 8.0 | § | 12.0 | 24.3 | 9.8 |
|
BMI FEMALES
|
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|
BMI 25 - 29.9 kg/m2
|
- | - | 21.2 | 27.6 | 23.1 | 24.9 | § | 24.4 | 22.8 | 24.8 |
| BMI > 29.9 kg/m2 | - | - | 56.3 | 52.2 | 46.9 | 39.9 | § | 34.9 | 32.4 | 39.2 |
| WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE FEMALES | ||||||||||
| Waist > 80 cm | - | - | 81.7 | 85.5 | 79.8 | 67.6 | § | 67.2 | 79.5 | 68.2 |
| Waist > 88 cm | - | - | 69.9 | 70.0 | 60.3 | 51.1 | § | 49.9 | 54.1 | 50.8 |
TC=total cholesterol; HDL=high density lipoprotein; LDL=low density lipoprotein; Trig=triglycerides; BP= blood pressure; BMI=body mass index;
*The prevalence of hypertension including those on treatment was 31%.
§=insufficient data for analysis
With South Africa’s epidemiological transition from infectious diseases to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) there is a great need for a better understanding of both the prevalence of NCDs and the associated risk factors among South Africans, and a need to translate such information into effective health policies, health programmes and services. It is with this backdrop that the Human Science Research Council, in partnership with the Medical Research Council and several major universities embarked on the SANHANES in 2012.
The plan was to recruit and establish a nationally representative cohort of 5000 South African households to be followed up over the coming years. The first cross-sectional examination (SANHANES-1) using a multistage disproportionate, stratified cluster sampling approach was completed in 2012 and reported in 2014.
The final population sample included 25 532 people from 6305 households who were interviewed, and then subsequently invited to a clinic examination and blood biomarker analyses for lipid profiling and HbA1c. The results for the prevalence of anthropometric, blood pressure, lipid and HbA1c abnormalities are summarised here.
Reference
1. Shisana O, Labadarios D, Rehle T, et al. South African National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2012 (SANHANES-1). In: 2014th ed. Cape Town: HSRC Press; 2014:1-397.