Substance Use Disorder

Description

Diagnostic Criteria (DSM 5)

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ICD-10 code: F10-F19

DESCRIPTION

The essential feature of a substance use disorder (SUD) is a cluster of cognitive, behavioural and physiological symptoms that indicate that the individual continues to use the substance despite significant substance-related problems.

Age of onset of substance abuse can be as early as 8 years. Illicit drugs such as cocaine, amphetamines and cannabis, as well as alcohol abuse are associated with a greater risk for psychosis. Behavioural disturbance in the context of a SUD may be due to intoxication, withdrawal, or due to a substance-induced mood or psychotic disorder. Initial treatment of SUDs begins with medical stabilisation of the patient ideally in a medical facility. About one third of youth with SUDs, present with a ‘dual diagnosis’, i.e. a co-occurring psychiatric disorder. Be aware of the mental state changes associated with illicit drugs.

DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA (DSM 5)

• The substance is used in larger amounts or for longer period than intended.
• A persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control use.
• A great deal of time is spent in activities to obtain, use or recover from the substance.
• Cravings or strong urges to use the substance.
• Failure to meet obligations at work, home or school.
• Continued use despite social and interpersonal problems caused by effects of the substance.
• Use results in decreased or stopping social or recreational activities.
• Continued use in hazardous situations.
• Ongoing use despite knowing of a physical or psychological problem caused by substance.
• Withdrawal
• Tolerance

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Standard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Paediatrics, 2023 Edition

Chapter 14: Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 14.13 Substance Use Disorder

Click here for  14.13.1 Substance-Induced Psychotic Disorder

Click here for 14.13.2 Substance-Induced Mood Disorder

Click here for  14.13.3 Substance Withdrawal