GuidelinesPrimary Care STG
Common Cold (Viral Rhinitis)
Ear, Nose and Throat Conditions
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ICD-10 Code: J00
DESCRIPTION
- Colds are self-limiting viral conditions that may last up to 14 days. Colds begin to clear within 3 days. Colds present with nasal stuffiness and throat irritation
- Malnourished children, the elderly and debilitated patients are at greater risk of developing complications
Complications
Secondary bacterial infections, including:
- Pneumonia
- Otitis media
- Sinusitis
GENERAL MEASURES
- Limit strenuous activity
- Ensure adequate hydration
- Advise patient to return to clinic if earache, tenderness or pain over sinuses develops or symptoms persist for >14 days
MEDICINE TREATMENT
- Antibiotics are of no value for the treatment of the common cold
Infants
- Sodium chloride 0.9%, 1-3 drops, instilled into each nostril as required
Symptomatic relief of pain and fever with discomfort:
Children
- Paracetamol, oral, 10–15 mg/kg/dose 6 hourly when required. See: dosing table
REFERRAL
- Severe complications
Standard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Primary Healthcare Level, 2024 Edition