Guidelines

391 entries

NDoH Hospital-level adult STG

Diagnostic Contrast Agents and Related SubstancesStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 Edition→
Diarrhoea, Acute Non-InflammatoryDescription General Measures Medicine Treatment ICD-10 code: A04.1 DESCRIPTION Diarrhoea without macroscopic blood or mucus, or neutrophils on microscopy. Common causes include viruses and enterotoxigenic strains of E. coli. Note: Neutropenic patients may have inflammatory diarrhoea in the absence of neutrophils. GENERAL MEASURES Rehydration is the cornerstone of management. This should be done w→
Discontinuation Symptoms of Serotonin Reuptake InhibitorsICD-10 code: F19.3 + (Y49.2) Discontinuation symptoms are experienced due to receptor adaptation or receptor rebound after stopping of antidepressants. It can be avoided or reduced by slowly tapering the drug over at least 4 weeks. Symptoms include flu-like symptoms, ‘shock-like” sensations, dizziness exacerbated by movement, insomnia, vivid dreaming and irritability, problems with concentr→
Disease Notification ProceduresStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 Edition→
Distributive ShockNeurogenic shock Septic shock This happens when the blood vessels are abnormally dilated and presents with a low blood pressure, tachycardia and warm peripheries. There are 3 causes of this type of shock: neurogenic shock, septic shock, and anaphylactic shock (see Anaphylaxis/anaphylactic shock ). NEUROGENIC SHOCK ICD-10 code: T09.3 + R57.8 DESCRIPTION Occurs in spinal cord trauma when there is a→
DiverticulosisDescription General Measures Medicine Treatment Referral ICD-10 code: K57.0-5/K57.8-9 DESCRIPTION Colonic diverticulosis becomes increasingly common with age. Acute diverticulitis is suspected in patients with lower abdominal pain (typically in the left lower quadrant). The pain is usually constant and is often present for several days prior to presentation. Nausea and vomiting are often present→
Drug-Resistant TBStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 Edition→
Dry Eye DiseaseStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 Edition→
Dysentery (Acute Inflammatory Diarrhoea)Description General Measures Medicine Treatment Referral ICD-10 code: A02.0/A02.9/A03.0-3/A03.8-9/A04.2/A04.5/A04.8-9 DESCRIPTION Diarrhoea with neutrophils, blood and/or mucus. GENERAL MEASURES Rehydration is the cornerstone of management. This should be done with oral rehydration solution (ORS) unless the patient is vomiting or profoundly dehydrated. Perform a stool culture. MEDICINE TREATMENT→
DyslipidaemiaStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 Edition→
DysmenorrhoeaDescription General measures Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 code: N94.4-6 DESCRIPTION Lower abdominal pain that starts with the onset of menstruation and subsides after menses have ended. This may be associated with headaches, nausea, and vomiting. It may be primary or secondary. Primary dysmenorrhoea is menstrual pain without organic disease. Secondary dysmenorrhoea is associated with identi→
EclampsiaStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults, Updated for the 2023 Edition→
Emerging Respiratory PathogensMiddle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection: MERS COV Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) MIDDLE EAST RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS INFECTION: MERS COV ICD-10 code: B34.2/J16.8 + (B97.2) *Notifiable medical condition. Note: Consult most recent guidelines from the National Department of Health/ NICD. DESCRIPTION Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a viral respiratory illne→
EmpyemaStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 Edition→
End of Life CareStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 Edition→
End of Life CareDescription Determination of death Description When it has been assessed that continued therapy is unlikely to be beneficial, an active end-of-life (EOL) care process needs to be initiated. The following should be considered: In South Africa (SA), EOL care issues are regulated by inter alia The SA Constitution Act 108 of 1996, the Health Professional Act of 1974, the National Health Act 61 of 200→
Endocarditis, InfectiveStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEndocarditis, Infective→
EndometriosisDescription Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 code: N80.0-6/N80.8-9 DESCRIPTION The presence and proliferation of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity, usually within the pelvis. It may manifest as dysmenorrhoea, dyspareunia and chronic pelvic pain. Diagnosis is made by laparoscopy. MEDICINE TREATMENT For pain: NSAID, oral: e.g. Ibuprofen, oral, 400 mg 8 hourly with or after a mea→
Endophthalmitis, BacterialStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 Edition→
EpiglottitisStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 Edition→
EpilepsyStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 Edition→
Epileptic SeizuresPlease click on the link below to access the most up-to-date version of this guideline. The content on this page is currently being updated to align with the latest publication. Always check the version number at the bottom of the screen to confirm which version you are using. Click here to access the Adult Hospital Level Chapter 14: Neurological Disorders with Supporting NEMLC Report-2020-4-Revi→
Erectile DysfunctionStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 Edition→
Erythema Multiforme, Stevens Johnson Syndrome, Toxic Epidermal NecrolysisStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 Edition→
Exposure to Poisonous SubstancesSee: chapter on Poisoning . Click here for the pdf . Standard Treatment Guidelines And Essential Medicines List For South Africa, Adult Hospital level, 2020-4_Version 1_June 2024 Chapter 20: Emergencies and Injuries→
Extemporaneous PreparationsStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 Edition→
Eye Disorders Please click on the link below to access the most up-to-date version of this guideline. The content on this page is currently being updated to align with the latest publication. Always check the version number at the bottom of the screen to confirm which version you are using. Click here to access the Adult-Hospital-Chapter-18-Eye-Disorders-with-supporting-NEMLC-report-2020-4-review-Versio→
Eye InjuriesSee: Medical management of eye injury . Click here for the pdf . Standard Treatment Guidelines And Essential Medicines List For South Africa, Adult Hospital level, 2020-4_Version 1_June 2024 Chapter 20: Emergencies and Injuries→
Family Planning Referrals from Primary CareIntra-uterine contraceptive copper or levonorgestrel device Implants Injectable contraception INTRA-UTERINE CONTRACEPTIVE COPPER OR LEVONORGESTREL DEVICE General Measures ICD-10 code: N92.0-1 + (Z30.5) Where there is excessive bleeding after insertion of IUCD or levonorgestrel device: Exclude perforation of the uterus. Irregular bleeding and/or cramping for >3 months: ICD-10 code: N92.1/→
Febrile NeutropeniaDescription General Measures Medicine Treatment Referral/Consultation D70 DESCRIPTION Febrile neutropenia is conventionally defined as an absolute neutrophil count of <0.5 x 10 9 /L with a temperature of greater than 38°C for >1 hour or a single temperature of 38.3°C, but any neutropaenic patient showing clinical signs of sepsis should be investigated. Note: - This is a medical emergen→
ForewordI proudly present the updated 2024 editions of both the Primary Healthcare (PHC) and Adult Hospital Level (AHL) Standard Treatment Guidelines (STGs) and Essential Medicines List (EML). These guidelines aim to enhance transparency and support the delivery of high-quality treatment options at both PHC and hospital levels. They reflect the evolving clinical needs of our population as well as the int→
Fungal InfectionsStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 Edition→
Furuncles and AbscessesStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 Edition→
Gastro-Intestinal SupportNutrition Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis Regurgitation and Aspiration Diarrhoea Liver Support Acute Severe Pancreatitis Acute Cholecystitis Abdominal Compartment Syndrome Nutrition Description Critically ill patients have increased nutritional requirements due to an increased metabolic rate. Therefore, they require careful management of their nutritional requirements. General Measures Commence nutritio→
Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD) and DyspepsiaDescription General Measures Medicine Treatment Referral ICD-10 code: K21.0/K21.9/K22.7/K30 DESCRIPTION GORD is a disorder which develops as a consequence of the reflux of gastric and duodenal contents into the oesophagus. It is usually characterised by heartburn and regurgitation. Dyspepsia is the sensation of epigastric discomfort. It may be a feature of potentially severe diseases such as pept→
Gastrointestinal ConditionsStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 Edition→
General Principles of Pharmacology in Critical IllnessPharmacokinetic (PK, “what the body does to the drug”) and pharmacodynamic (PD, “what the drug does to the body”) variations in critical care patients occur secondary to underlying illness, rapidly changing multiorgan dysfunction, and the use of multiple supportive modalities. Therapeutic response and clinical outcomes are affected by altered drug absorption, plasma protein binding, volume of dis→
Genital Ulcer Syndrome (GUS)Standard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 Edition→
Gestational HypertensionStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults, Updated for the 2023 Edition→
GiardiasisDescription General Measures Medicine Treatment ICD-10 code: A07.1 DESCRIPTION Infection with the protozoan parasite, G. lamblia which colonises the proximal small intestine. Does not typically present with acute diarrhoea. GENERAL MEASURES Fluid and electrolyte replacement in severe diarrhoea. MEDICINE TREATMENT Metronidazole, oral, 2 g daily for 3 days. Click here for the pdf . Sta→
GlaucomaStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 Edition→
Glomerular Disease and Nephritic SyndromeStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 Edition→
GoutStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 Edition→
Guidelines for Adverse Drug Reaction ReportingStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 Edition→
Guidelines for the Motivation of a New Medicine on the National Essential Medicines ListStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 Edition→
HIV and Kidney DiseasePlease click on the link below to access the most up-to-date version of this guideline. The content on this page is currently being updated to align with the latest publication. Always check the version number at the bottom of the screen to confirm which version you are using. Click here to access the Adult Hospital Level Chapter 10: HIV_and_AIDS_with_supporting_NEMLC_Report_Reviews_2025-9-Versio→
HIV in PregnancyStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults, Updated for the 2023 Edition→
Haematologic EmergenciesStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 Edition→
HaematuriaStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 Edition→
Haemorrhagic Fever SyndromeDescription General measures Referral ICD-10 code: A98.0-5/A98.8/A99 *Notifiable medical condition. DESCRIPTION Characterised by high fever, together with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and bleeding tendency. Other symptoms and organ involvement vary according to the causative virus. Some important causes other than viral haemorrhagic fevers (VHF) are: severe bacterial infections, p→