Guidelines

24 entries

NDoH Hospital-level paediatric STG

EczemaDescription Diagnostic criteria General and supportive measures Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 code: L20.9 DESCRIPTION An inflammatory itchy skin condition characterised by: Vesicles, weeping and crusting during the acute stage. Scaling and lichenification during the chronic stage. DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA Intractable itch. Family history of allergies. Onset under the→
Effusion and EmpyemaDescription Diagnostic criteria General and supportive measures Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 code: J90 DESCRIPTION A pleural effusion is an accumulation of fluid between the visceral and parietal pleura. The fluid can be an exudate or a transudate (see Lights criteria: https://www.mdcalc.com/lights-criteria-exudative-effusions ). Common causes for exudates are infections, inflammation→
Elimination DisordersElimination Disorders→
EncopresisEncopresis→
End Of Life And Terminal CareDescription General and supportive measures Terminal Care Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 code: Z51.1 DESCRIPTION The end of life phase is defined as that stage where it is recognized that the child’s health is in a state of steady decline, whereas the terminal stage is the last few hours of life. Although prognostication is more difficult in children compared to adults especially when i→
Endocarditis, InfectiveDescription Diagnostic criteria General and supportive measures Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 code: I33.0 DESCRIPTION Infection of the endothelial surface of the heart. Suspect infective endocarditis in all children with fever and underlying heart disease. Antibiotic therapy in these children is highly dependent on the results of microbiology. DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA Clinical An underlying→
Enterocolitis, NecrotisingDescription Diagnostic criteria General and supportive measures Medicine treatment Surgical treatment Referral ICD-10 code: P77 DESCRIPTION Neonate presenting with the consequences of bowel wall injury or necrosis. Risk factors include: prematurity, hypotension/shock, sepsis, early formula feedings, high feeding volumes, perinatal asphyxia (hypoxia), patent ductus arteriosus, and polycythae→
EnuresisICD-10 code: R32 See: Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Enuresis . Click here for the pdf . Click here for the Erratum-3 notice . Standard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa Paediatric Hospital _Chapter 6: Nephrological/Urological Disorders; 2023, 5th edition→
EnuresisEnuresis→
EnvenomationThe management of severe envenomation, particularly by snakes and scorpions, is complex. Please contact the Poisons Information Helpline for advice. 0861 555 777 Standard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Paediatrics, 2023 Edition Chapter 18: Poisoning, 18.2 Envenomation Click here for Insect Bites and Stings Click here for Scorpi→
Epidermolysis BullosaDescription General and supportive measures Referral ICD-10 Code: Q81.9 DESCRIPTION Congenital, hereditary blistering skin lesions with onset in the newborn. Lesions have an erythematous base. Involvement of the mucous membranes as well as loss of nails may occur. GENERAL AND SUPPORTIVE MEASURES May require monitoring in a high or intensive care unit. Aseptic aspiration of bullae on th→
EpiglottitisDescription Diagnostic criteria General and supportive measures Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 code: J05.1 DESCRIPTION Life-threatening upper airway obstruction at the level of the supraglottic structures (epiglottis and arytenoids). The condition is rare since H. influenzae Type b vaccination has been introduced. DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA Acute onset, high fever, sore throat, dysphagia,→
EpilepsyDescription Epilepsy types Investigations G40.0-9 DESCRIPTION Epilepsy is a disease of the brain defined by any of the following conditions: At least two unprovoked (or reflex) seizures occurring >24 hours apart, or One unprovoked (or reflex) seizure if there is a high risk (60% or more) of having recurrent seizures within the next 10 years (i.e., if the person is vulnerable to having another→
Epilepsy SyndromesDescription Medicine treatment Referral G40.3-5 DESCRIPTION An epilepsy syndrome is a specific seizure type associated with characteristic EEG and imaging features, natural history, age-dependent features, triggers, response to ASM, and prognosis. For classification of seizure types, see Figure 1 in Epileptic seizures . Pointers for the identification of an epilepsy syndrome: Early-onset se→
Epilepsy in Adolescents (13-18 Years)G40.0-9 See Adult Hospital Level STGs and EML, Central Nervous System, Epilepsy in adolescents and adults. Click here to access the pdf . Click here to access NEMLC Report . Standard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Paediatric Hospital Level_Updated May 2025 Chapter 13: The Nervous System_13.4 Epilepsy_13.4.2 Epilepsy in Adolescents (13 – 18 years)→
Epilepsy in Children <13 Years of AgeSpecial considerations General and supportive measures Medicine treatment Referral A child may be diagnosed with focal, generalised, combined generalised and focal, or unknown epilepsy types. Special considerations Seizures in neonates Seizures in the neonatal period seldom confer a diagnosis of epilepsy. For management of seizures, see Seizures, neonatal . Underlying conditions and co-morbiditie→
Epileptic SeizuresStatus Epilepticus (Convulsive)→
Epileptic Seizures and Status Epilepticus in Adolescents (13-18 Years)See Adult Hospital Level STGs and EML, Epileptic Seizures and Status Epilepticus in Adolescents (13 – 18 Years) And Adults in Status Epilepticus . Click here to access the pdf . Click here to access NEMLC Report . Standard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Paediatric Hospital Level_Updated May 2025 Chapter 13: The Nervous System_13.2 Status Epilepticus_13.2.2. Ep→
Epileptic Seizures and Status Epilepticus in Children <13 Years of AgeStatus Epilepticus (Convulsive)→
Epistaxis (Nose Bleed)Epistaxis (nose bleed)→
Erythema MultiformeDescription Diagnostic criteria General and supportive measures Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 code: L51.9 DESCRIPTION An acute, self-limiting and commonly recurrent inflammatory eruption of the skin with variable involvement of the mucous membranes and without systemic symptoms. Symmetrically distributed crops of target lesions, (dark centre, an inner, pale ring surrounded by an→
Ethanol PoisoningDescription Diagnostic criteria Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 code: T51.0 DESCRIPTION Ethanol is a selective CNS depressant at low concentrations, and a generalised depressant at high concentrations. DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA Clinical lack of co-ordination, stupor, ataxia, coma, slurred speech, hypoglycaemia, gait disturbances, convulsions, drowsiness. Investigations Monitor bl→
Exposure To Poisonous SubstancesSee section: Poisoning Standard Treatment Guidelines And Essential Medicines List For South Africa, Hospital Level, Paediatrics, 2023 Edition Chapter 1: Emergencies and Trauma, 1.1 Paediatric Emergencies, 1.1.11 Exposure To Poisonous Substances→
Eye Infection, Complicated (Severe Eye Infection)Description General and supportive measures Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 code: H44.0 DESCRIPTION Intensely painful eye infection characterised by a red eye with or without a discharge (excluding simple or non-painful conjunctivitis). Assess clinically for: Herpes conjunctivitis, indicated by vesicles on skin next to the eye. Loss of vision. Irregularity of the pupil. Haziness of the cornea.→