Guidelines
18 entriesNDoH Hospital-level paediatric STG
- ICU MedicationsAdrenaline (epinephrine) Amiodarone Atropine Dexamethasone Dobutamine Furosemide Glycopyrrolate Hydrocortisone IVIG (Intravenous polyvalent human immune globulin.) Labetalol Lidocaine (Lignocaine) Magnesium sulphate Salbutamol Drugs given in ICU are often diluted and given as an infusion. It is essential that one considers intravenous fluids to be drugs and as such need to consider compatibility→
- Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS)Description Diagnostic criteria Medicine treatment ICD-10 code: D89.3 DESCRIPTION Clinical deterioration can occur after starting ART due an improvement in the immune system response to organisms already causing infection, e.g. M bovis BCG, C. neoformans, M. tuberculosis (MTB), Aspergillus, M. avium complex, C. albicans, M. leprae, Human Herpes viruses, P. jiroveci, Human Papilloma virus, CMV, He→
- Immune Thrombocytopaenic Purpura (ITP)Description Diagnostic criteria General and supportive measures Medicine treatment Surgical treatment Referral ICD-10 code: D69.3 DESCRIPTION A common bleeding disorder of childhood due to the immune-mediated destruction of platelets. It occurs most frequently in children aged 2 to 5 years and often follows infection with viruses (including HIV) and medications. Chronic ITP (more than 6 months du→
- Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)ICD-10 code: D69.3 See: Blood and Blood Forming Organs, Immune thrombocytopaenic purpura (ITP) . Standard Treatment Guidelines And Essential Medicines List For South Africa, Hospital Level, Paediatrics, 2023 Edition Chapter 5: Dermatology, 5.4. Purpura, 5.4.3 Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)→
- Immunoglobulin A Vasculitis (previously Henoch Schönlein Purpura (HSP))Description Diagnostic criteria General and supportive measures Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 code: D69.0 DESCRIPTION Immunoglobulin A vasculitis is an acute leucocytoclastic vasculitis of small blood vessels usually involving skin, gastrointestinal tract, joints and the kidney. Aetiology is unknown. Complications include: acute severe abdominal pain, bowel infarction/perforation→
- ImpetigoICD-10 code: L01 Refer to the Primary Healthcare Standard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List, 2020: Skin Conditions, Impetigo . Standard Treatment Guidelines And Essential Medicines List For South Africa, Hospital Level, Paediatrics, 2023 Edition Chapter 5: Dermatology, 5.5. Vesicles And Pustules, 5.5.3 Impetigo→
- Infections - Varicella and ZosterICD-10 code: R23.8 / L08.9 See: Infective/Infectious Diseases, Varicella (Chickenpox) and Zoster. Standard Treatment Guidelines And Essential Medicines List For South Africa, Hospital Level, Paediatrics, 2023 Edition Chapter 5: Dermatology, 5.5. Vesicles And Pustules, 5.5.1 Infections→
- Inflammatory Polyneuropathy (Guillain-Barre Syndrome)Inflammatory Polyneuropathy (Guillain-Barre Syndrome)→
- Infrequent AsthmaAlthough infrequent asthma is thought not to exist in the adolescent and adults, it is still considered in the classification for children up to 12 years of age. To relieve symptoms: ß 2 -agonist (short-acting), e.g.: Salbutamol, inhalation, 100–200 µg , as required 3–4 times daily using a metered-dose inhaler with a spacer device until symptoms are relieved. Note: Failure to respond to 2 doses o→
- Ingestion of Caustic or Corrosive AgentsDescription Diagnostic criteria General and supportive measures Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 code: T54 DESCRIPTION Alkalis, e.g. sodium hydroxide, potassium permanganate. Acids, e.g. hydrochloric acid. The severity of the injury is dependent on the concentration and duration of exposure to the acid or alkali. DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA Clinical Chief symptom is pain. Young children may prese→
- Inhalation, Foreign BodyDescription Diagnostic criteria General and supportive measures Referral ICD-10 code : T17.9 DESCRIPTION Accidental inhalation of a solid object that may obstruct the airway at any level. DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA Ask specifically about a possible choking episode if there is any suspicion of a foreign body aspiration. Initial symptom is frequently sudden onset of choking followed by persist→
- Inotropes And VasopressorsChoice depends on desired effect. There is no ‘one size fits all’ strategy for inotrope/vasopressor choice. Each agent has dose-dependent effects on inotrope (improved contractility) or vasopressor effect (increasing the SVR). Important components of the cardiovascular system: Preload – is the child pre-load replete (not overfilled and not underfilled) – fluid therapy. Contractility – does the he→
- Insect Bites and StingsDescription General measures Medicine treatment ICD-10 code: T63.4 + (X29.99/X23.99) + External Cause Code (V,W,X,Y) DESCRIPTION Toxicity due to insect bites and stings usually results in local effects only; systemic effects are rare. Occasionally, hypersensitivity reactions are encountered, which may vary from minor local inflammation to acute anaphylaxis. Multiple bee stings can res→
- Intra-Osseous Infusion in EmergenciesIntra-Osseous Infusion in Emergencies→
- Intractable Diarrhoea - Paediatric Palliative CareDescription General and supportive measures Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 code: R19.7 DESCRIPTION See: Persistent Diarrhoea and Diarrhoea, Chronic Other Than Post Infectious respectively. Although uncommon, intractable diarrhoea not amenable to any treatment may be encountered in paediatric palliative care. Examples of causes include: Short bowel syndrome in neonatal survivors of NEC (→
- Intractable Seizures - Paediatric Palliative CareDescription General and supportive treatment Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 code: G41 For status epilepticus, see: Status Epilepticus (Convulsive). DESCRIPTION Intractable seizures in palliative care refer to seizures that do not respond to treatment and often occur at the end of life in children with severe CNS pathology who are not candidates for ventilation. These may range from repe→
- Iron PoisoningDescription Diagnostic criteria General and supportive measures Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 code: T45.4 DESCRIPTION Iron is widely available as an over-the-counter product and is commonly ingested accidentally by toddlers. DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA Toxicity is related to the ingested dose of elemental iron. A single dose of elemental iron > 20 mg/kg requires hospital assessment and mana→
- Isoniazid PoisoningDescription Diagnostic criteria General and supportive measures Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 code: T37.1 DESCRIPTION INH interferes with pyridoxine and niacin metabolism, leading to impaired synthesis of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA). Acute poisoning, which may follow intentional or accidental ingestions, may be severe. DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA Clinical Triad of refractory seizures,→