Guidelines
198 entriesNDOH Standard Treatment Guidelines and clinical protocols
- ICU MedicationsAdrenaline (epinephrine) Amiodarone Atropine Dexamethasone Dobutamine Furosemide Glycopyrrolate Hydrocortisone IVIG (Intravenous polyvalent human immune globulin.) Labetalol Lidocaine (Lignocaine) Magnesium sulphate Salbutamol Drugs given in ICU are often diluted and given as an infusion. It is essential that one considers intravenous fluids to be drugs and as such need to consider compatibilityPEML (Paeds)→
- IMCI Process for All Young Infants (Birth up to 2 months)IMCI - Young Infant (Birth up to 2 months)IMCI→
- IPC Measures Using a Multimodal ApproachSupporting the Antimicrobial Resistance Strategy Framework and the Guidelines on Implementation of the Antimicrobial Strategy in South Africa: One Health Approach and Governance, 2018Other→
- Identifying and Referral of Potential Organ DonorsIdentifying & Referral of Potential Organ DonorsOther→
- Idiopathic Sudden Sensori-neural Hearing Loss (ISSNHL)Idiopathic Sudden Sensori-neural Hearing Loss (ISSNHL)Other→
- Illicit DrugsCocaine poisoning Amphetamine derivative poisoning COCAINE POISONING T40.5 + (X42.99/X62.99/Y12.99) DESCRIPTION Cocaine may be absorbed through any mucous membrane, smoked, ingested, or injected intravenously. Clinical features: Mild toxicity: euphoria, anxiety, altered mental status, tachycardia, mild hypertension. Moderate toxicity: agitation, paranoia, hallucinations, cardiac dysrhythmias. SevEML (Adult)→
- Immediate Care of the NewbornThe guidelines recommend management of common obstetric conditions at primary and referral level, based on local experience and evidence-based practice. They are not intended as strict protocols nor as standard operating procedures, but rather as a guide to safe effective management of common obstetric problems. The guidelines should be most useful to interns, medical officers and registrars.Other→
- Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory SyndromeAn approach to symptom management to guide decision-making in the management of patients with life-threatening illnessOther→
- Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS) Please click on the link below to access the most up-to-date version of this guideline. The content on this page is currently being updated to align with the latest publication. Always check the version number at the bottom of the screen to confirm which version you are using. Click here to access the Primary Health Care - PHC Chapter 11: Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immune DePrimary Care→
- Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS)Please click on the link below to access the most up-to-date version of this guideline. The content on this page is currently being updated to align with the latest publication. Always check the version number at the bottom of the screen to confirm which version you are using. Click here to access the Adult Hospital Level Chapter 10: HIV_and_AIDS_with_supporting_NEMLC_Report_Reviews_2025-9-VersioEML (Adult)→
- Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS)Description Diagnostic criteria Medicine treatment ICD-10 code: D89.3 DESCRIPTION Clinical deterioration can occur after starting ART due an improvement in the immune system response to organisms already causing infection, e.g. M bovis BCG, C. neoformans, M. tuberculosis (MTB), Aspergillus, M. avium complex, C. albicans, M. leprae, Human Herpes viruses, P. jiroveci, Human Papilloma virus, CMV, HePEML (Paeds)→
- Immune Thrombocytopaenic Purpura (ITP)Description Diagnostic criteria General and supportive measures Medicine treatment Surgical treatment Referral ICD-10 code: D69.3 DESCRIPTION A common bleeding disorder of childhood due to the immune-mediated destruction of platelets. It occurs most frequently in children aged 2 to 5 years and often follows infection with viruses (including HIV) and medications. Chronic ITP (more than 6 months duPEML (Paeds)→
- Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP)Description General Measures Medicine Treatment Referral D69.3 DESCRIPTION A common bleeding disorder due to immune-mediated destruction of platelets. Clinically apparent associated conditions, drugs (e.g. penicillins, cephalosporins, quinine, rifampicin and heparin), or other agents that may cause thrombocytopenia must be excluded before a diagnosis of ITP can be considered. Patients with suspecEML (Adult)→
- Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)ICD-10 code: D69.3 See: Blood and Blood Forming Organs, Immune thrombocytopaenic purpura (ITP) . Standard Treatment Guidelines And Essential Medicines List For South Africa, Hospital Level, Paediatrics, 2023 Edition Chapter 5: Dermatology, 5.4. Purpura, 5.4.3 Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)PEML (Paeds)→
- Immunisation ScheduleThe contents of this chapter are based on the current recommendations from the National Advisory Group on Immunisation (NAGI). Any medical incident that takes place after immunisation and may be potentially related to immunisation should be reported (See: Adverse Events Following Immunisation (AEFI) ). Every clinic day is an immunisation day. Never miss a chance to immunise – nevePrimary Care→
- Immunisation StatusIMCI - Child (Age 2 months up to 5 years)IMCI→
- Immunisation Status (Birth up to 2 months)IMCI - Young Infant (Birth up to 2 months)IMCI→
- ImmunisationsImmunisationsOther→
- Immunoglobulin A Vasculitis (previously Henoch Schönlein Purpura (HSP))Description Diagnostic criteria General and supportive measures Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 code: D69.0 DESCRIPTION Immunoglobulin A vasculitis is an acute leucocytoclastic vasculitis of small blood vessels usually involving skin, gastrointestinal tract, joints and the kidney. Aetiology is unknown. Complications include: acute severe abdominal pain, bowel infarction/perforationPEML (Paeds)→
- ImpetigoICD-10 code: L01 Refer to the Primary Healthcare Standard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List, 2020: Skin Conditions, Impetigo . Standard Treatment Guidelines And Essential Medicines List For South Africa, Hospital Level, Paediatrics, 2023 Edition Chapter 5: Dermatology, 5.5. Vesicles And Pustules, 5.5.3 ImpetigoPEML (Paeds)→
- ImpetigoInfection Impetigo Brief outline/clinical setting Highly contagious bacterial infection of the superficial layers of the epidermis, discrete purulent lesions. Aetiologies/organisms β-hemolytic streptococci and S. aureus Optimal antimicrobial selection Mupirocin 5 days (topical); Flucloxacillin 500mg 6 hourly po Duration 7 days Alternative if allergic/not available Clindamycin 450 mg qid po, co-trOther→
- ImpetigoBacterial Infections of the SkinPrimary Care→
- ImpetigoStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- Implementation, Monitoring and Review of GuidelinesImplementation of the guidelines may take place at: the level of the individual practitioner, hospital operating theatre complex/anaesthesiology department, institutional level, and/or regional level (district/provincial/national). For maximum impact it is recommended that these guidelines be incorporated into comprehensive institutional or regional blood management guidelines and that they are iOther→
- Implementation, Monitoring and Review of GuidelinesImplementation of the guidelines may take place at: the level of the individual practitioner critical care unit level institutional level regional level (district/provincial/national). For maximum impact, it is recommended that these guidelines be incorporated into comprehensive institutional or regional blood management guidelines and that they are implemented under the auspices of a dedicated iOther→
- Important Telephone numbers in ForensicsImportant telephone numbersOther→
- Impotence/Erectile DysfuctionUrologyPrimary Care→
- In-Service TrainingSupporting the Antimicrobial Resistance Strategy Framework and the Guidelines on Implementation of the Antimicrobial Strategy in South Africa: One Health Approach and Governance, 2018Other→
- In-hospital Management of Diabetes AlgorithmIn-hospital Management of Diabetes AlgorithmOther→
- In-hospital Management of HyperglycaemiaIn-hospital Management of HyperglycaemiaOther→
- Incident PainAn approach to symptom management to guide decision-making in the management of patients with life-threatening illnessOther→
- Incisional HerniaIncisional HerniaOther→
- IncontinenceAn approach to symptom management to guide decision-making in the management of patients with life-threatening illnessOther→
- Indications for Growth Scans in the High Risk ClinicIndications for Growth Scans in the High Risk ClinicOther→
- Indications for Initiating Treatment with Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin InfusionIndications for Initiating Treatment with Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin InfusionOther→
- Indications for ReferralPatients with AR can be successfully initiated on AR treatment by general practitioners. Treatment success should be evaluated 2–4 weeks after the initiation of therapy. The following are indications for referral to a specialist (e.g., allergologist, ear, nose and throat [ENT] surgeon or ophthalmologist, according to symptoms): Poor or no response to treatment (based on VAS assessment). Need forOther→
- Indications for Starting and Stopping Cotrimoxazole Preventive Therapy (CPT)2019 ART Clinical GuidelinesOther→
- Indications for Surgery in Allergic RhinitisSurgery for ‘pure’ AR is rarely needed but may be needed in severe cases to improve airflow (inferior turbinate surgery, adenoidectomy, septoplasty and polypectomy) 75,76 ; to improve access to topical medications and to decrease disease burden before other procedures such as AIT, aspirin desensitisation or initiation of biological therapies. 77,78,79 Surgery may be needed to manage complicaOther→
- Indigestion/Upper GI SymptomsElective Surgical Conditions - Indigestion/Upper GI SymptomsOther→
- Induction of Labour with a Live BabyThe guidelines recommend management of common obstetric conditions at primary and referral level, based on local experience and evidence-based practice. They are not intended as strict protocols nor as standard operating procedures, but rather as a guide to safe effective management of common obstetric problems. The guidelines should be most useful to interns, medical officers and registrars.Other→
- Infant & Paediatric Feeding within Paarl HospitalBreastfeeding Babies Under 6 MonthsOther→
- Infection Control Bundles of Care for the Prevention of HAIsSupporting the Antimicrobial Resistance Strategy Framework and the Guidelines on Implementation of the Antimicrobial Strategy in South Africa: One Health Approach and Governance, 2018Other→
- Infection Control MeasuresDistrict level hospital guidelines applicable for interns and comm service doctors. Published in 2016Other→
- Infection Control Measures in HD UnitsPreventing Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance Prevention and Management of HBV, HCV and HIV in Haemodialysispatients To reduce the susceptibility to infection, optimal adequacy of HD should be attained, malnutrition should be prevented or treated, optimum haemoglobin concentration should be maintained, iron overload should be avoided and a dialyser with the lowest rate of complemenOther→
- Infection Control Precautions for the Infectious PatientModes of transmission Type of precautions Healthcare workers donning of PPE Healthcare workers doffing of PPE Precautions for common pathogens Non-emergency cases should be postponed until the patient is deemed to no longer be infectious. Units should develop their own facility-based protocols. Precautions should be based on the mode of transmission of the specific microorganism. Modes of transmiOther→
- Infection Control Recommendations for Regional AnaesthesiaSpinal, epidural and caudal procedures Peripheral nerve blocks The use of ultrasound Spinal, epidural and caudal procedures A historical and physical examination and review of relevant laboratory studies should be conducted to identify patients who may be at risk of infectious complications. These include patients with retroviral disease, uncontrolled diabetes, oncology patients, post-transplant,Other→
- Infection PreventionThis guideline aims to assist healthcare workers with antibiotic prescribing for common clinical syndromes in adult patients in South Africa, utilizing Local and International guidelines, key publications, and expert opinion.Other→
- Infection Prevention and Control during Health Care when Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) is Suspected or Confirmed29 June 2020Other→
- Infection and drug dosagesInfection and drug dosagesOther→
- Infection controlDress code Hand hygiene Dress code Staff are encouraged to wear plastic aprons when in direct contact with the patient N.B Aprons should be removed when leaving the cubicle Jerseys and jackets to be removed before entering the ward When wearing long sleeve garments, the sleeves must be rolled up to above the elbow Finger nails must be clean and short – no nail polish or false nails permittedOther→