Guidelines
92 entriesNDOH Standard Treatment Guidelines and clinical protocols
- B. AcknowledgementsSupporting the Antimicrobial Resistance Strategy Framework and the Guidelines on Implementation of the Antimicrobial Strategy in South Africa: One Health Approach and Governance, 2018Other→
- BackgroundBACKGROUND Infections during pregnancy are a major contributing factor to perinatal morbidity and mortality. In utero infections may directly affect the foetus and can lead to intrauterine deaths and stillbirths. The foetus may also be affected indirectly as a consequence of maternal infection leading to premature birth or foetal growth restriction (FGR). Infections that are asymptomatic at birthOther→
- BackgroundHypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are heterodimeric transcription factors which, in the presence of tissue hypoxia, increase hepatic and renal erythropoietin (EPO) production to stimulate erythropoiesis. They also have a suppressive effect on hepatic production of hepcidin, increasing gastrointestinal absorption of iron and liberating it from stores. 1 Inhibition of oxygen-regulated degradation ofOther→
- Background & Definitions of Critical Illness and Critical CareBackground Definitions of critical illness and critical care Background There are significant global differences in the availability and structure of critical care services. Due to different definitions of critical care beds and differences in the quality of statistics available, it is difficult to directly compare the availability of critical care resources between countries. AvailaOther→
- Background InformationNational Neonatal Resuscitation GuidelinesOther→
- Bacterial PeritonitisStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- Bacterial SinusitisInfection Bacterial sinusitis Brief outline/clinical setting Anterior or post nasal discharge OR Nasal obstruction with or without facial pain or change in sense of smell. Antibiotics are necessary if 1) Symptoms >10 days and < 3 months 2) Severe lasting fever or purulence 3) Worsening of symptoms < 10 days Aetiologies/organisms Strep pneumoniae, Haemophilus Influenza, Moraxella catarrhaOther→
- Bag and Mask VentilationNational Neonatal Resuscitation GuidelinesOther→
- Balanitis/Balanoposthitis (BAL)Sexually Transmitted InfectionsPrimary Care→
- Ballard Scoring AssessmentNote: Always assess gestational age as accurately as possible. Use Ballard Scoring Assessment (below) Click on the image to enlarge See: How to use new ballard score correctly See: Ballard Score Calculator Standard Treatment Guidelines And Essential Medicines List For South Africa, Hospital Level, Paediatrics, 2023 Edition Chapter 19: Prematurity And Neonatal Conditions, Ballard ScoriPEML (Paeds)→
- Baseline Clinical Evaluation for Adults and Adolescents, Pregnant Women, and Children < 10 years2023 ART GuidelinesOther→
- Baseline Laboratory Evaluation for Adults and Adolescents, Pregnant Women, and Children2023 ART GuidelinesOther→
- Basic Life Support AlgorithmBasic Life Support for Healthcare Providers AlgorithmOther→
- Basic Principles for Rapid HIV TestingDistrict level hospital guidelines applicable for interns and comm service doctors. Published in 2016Other→
- Basic Psychosocial Skills - A Guide for COVID-19 RespondersJune 2020Other→
- Basic Wound ManagementBasic Wound ManagmentOther→
- Bedaquiline InterruptionsDuration of interruption Instructions for reloading < 2 weeks No reloading needed 2-4 weeks 3 days 400mg* bedaquiline daily 1 – 12 months 7 days 400mg* bedaquiline daily > 12 months 14 days 400mg* bedaquiline daily If the patient weighs between 16 and 30 kg, reload with 200 mg daily [21] . Click here to access the pdf . National Department of Health Clinical Management of Rifampicin-ReOther→
- Behavioural ModificationIdeally, children aged >5 years should have acquired proper bladder and bowel behaviour that includes passing urine five to seven times during the day and passing a soft stool regularly (daily or on alternate days). To achieve optimal response to management of MSE, it is essential to explain to parents the importance of normal bladder and bowel emptying and to correct behaviour that may resultOther→
- Behavioural Problems Associated With Intellectual DisabilityBehavioural Problems Associated With Intellectual DisabilityPEML (Paeds)→
- Bell's PalsyPost-Herpes Zoster Neuropathy (post Herpetic NeuralgiaPrimary Care→
- Benign Prostatic HyperplasiaStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)UrologyPrimary Care→
- Benzodiazepine PoisoningDescription Diagnostic criteria General and supportive measures Referral ICD-10 code: T42.4 DESCRIPTION Young children or toddlers are typically involved in accidental exposure and ingest small amounts of sedatives. Adolescents may ingest large amounts during suicide, suicidal gesture or for recreational use. DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA Clinical Cardiorespiratory depression. Decreased level of consPEML (Paeds)→
- Benzodiazepine PoisoningBenzodiazepine poisoningOther→
- Benzodiazepine WithdrawalBenzodiazepine WithdrawlPEML (Paeds)→
- Beta-blockersBeta-blockersOther→
- BibliographyBibliographyOther→
- Bile Stained VomitingIntroduction Background Important details on history Important details of examination Make a diagnosis Management and referral guidance SETTING Primary and Secondary Healthcare Institutions in the Western Cape which refer to Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital (RCWMCH) FOR STAFF Primary and Secondary Doctors and Nurses who refer patients to RCWMCH PATIENTS Patients under the age of 13 yearOther→
- Bipolar DisorderMoodPrimary Care→
- Bipolar DisorderBipolar DisorderPEML (Paeds)→
- Bipolar and Related DisordersDescription General measures Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 code: F06.3/F30.0-2/F30.8-9/F31.0-9/F34.0/F34.8-9/F38.0/F39 + (F10.0-F19.9/R45.0-8/Z65.0- 5/Z65.8-9/Z81.0-4/Z81.8) Description Bipolar disorder (BD) is a heterogeneous illness with a high overlap in genetic risk with depression and schizophrenia. It usually follows a chronic, relapsing course, commonly starting in youth. The goEML (Adult)→
- Bipolar, Schizophrenia, and Related DisordersDescription General measures Referral O28.8-9/ O90.9 + (F28/F29/F53.0-1/F53.8-9) DESCRIPTION Bipolar disorders (BD): See Bipolar and related disorders for description and management in the perinatal period. Note that: BD may present with antenatal or postnatal depression, hypomania, mania or psychosis. the index episode often occurs postpartum – may be no prior history of mental illness. riPrimary Care→
- Bite InfectionsInfection Bite infections Brief outline/clinical setting 10–20% of bite wounds become infected, including 30–50% of cat bites, 5–25% of dog bites, and 20–25% of human bites, respectively. Aetiologies/organisms Human: skin flora (streptococci, S. aureus); oral flora ( Eikenella corrodens , anaerobes ( Fusobacterium, Peptostreptococcus )). HBV, HCV, and HIV post-exposure prophylaxis should be consiOther→
- Bites And StingsSee section: Envenomation Standard Treatment Guidelines And Essential Medicines List For South Africa, Hospital Level, Paediatrics, 2023 Edition Chapter 1: Emergencies and Trauma, 1.1 Paediatric Emergencies, 1.1.12 Bites And StingsPEML (Paeds)→
- Bites and StingsSee: Poisonings – envenomation ( Insect Bites and Stings , Snakebites , Scorpion Envenomation and Spider Envenomation ) . Click here for the pdf . Standard Treatment Guidelines And Essential Medicines List For South Africa, Adult Hospital level, 2020-4_Version 1_June 2024 Chapter 20: Emergencies and InjuriesEML (Adult)→
- Bladder & Bowel Dysfunction (BBD) & ConstipationThe functioning of the lower urinary tract and anorectum are inter-related. The association between detrusor overactivity and constipation has been clearly described. [61,62] The combination has been termed bladder and bowel dysfunction, [20] and may be explained by rectal distension interfering with bladder function or shared innervation pathways. The association between constipation and enuresiOther→
- Bladder and Ureteric Spasm/PainAn approach to symptom management to guide decision-making in the management of patients with life-threatening illnessOther→
- Bleeding DisordersGeneral Principles Haemophilia A and B Acute Management of Bleeds Haemophilia A - Factor VIII Deficiency (No Inhibitors) Haemophilia B - Factor IX Deficiency (No Inhibitors) Haemophilia with Inhibitors Von Willebrand Disease GENERAL PRINCIPLES A bleeding tendency may result from: a coagulation defect (congenital/acquired), a vessel wall defect, or a platelet defect (quantitative/qualitative). A cEML (Adult)→
- Bleeding Oesophageal VaricesDescription General and supportive measures Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 code: I85.0 DESCRIPTION Presentation with haematemesis (fresh blood) or melaena in a patient who has a spontaneous bleed from varices at the oesophageal-gastric junction. The patient may or may not have been known to have chronic liver disease and portal hypertension. This bleeding may be hard to control and be lPEML (Paeds)→
- Blisters / Sores / PustulesIMCI - Skin problemsIMCI→
- Blood & SurgeryThis booklet is intended as a practical guide to patient care for registrars, medical officers, interns and medical students attached to the gynaecology units at the University of the Witwatersrand Academic Hospitals. Anyone can use it.Other→
- Blood Component TherapyPacked red blood cells FFP/FDP Cryoprecipitate Platelets Before administration of any blood component, the patient’s details should be checked against those on the bag (see red blood cell transfusion section). Blood components have specific storage and expiry times. Every effort must be made to avoid wastage. In haematological malignancy, the clinical team must be consulted before administering bOther→
- Blood Product Administration GuidelinesBlood Product and Administration GuidelinesOther→
- Blood Product Administration Guidelines (Adult)Blood Product Administration GuidelinesOther→
- Blood Tests for Different Conditions & SurgeryThis booklet is intended as a practical guide to patient care for registrars, medical officers, interns and medical students attached to the gynaecology units at the University of the Witwatersrand Academic Hospitals. Anyone can use it.Other→
- Blood TransfusionGuideline on Blood Transfusion in Paediatric PatientsOther→
- Blood Transfusion ComplicationsAn approach to symptom management to guide decision-making in the management of patients with life-threatening illnessOther→
- Blood Transfusion In NeonatesManagement guidelines for students, interns and registrars on a variety of routine and emergency situations in our neonatal service at Tygerberg Children’s Hospital. Published in 2014.Other→
- Blood Values NeonateManagement guidelines for students, interns and registrars on a variety of routine and emergency situations in our neonatal service at Tygerberg Children’s Hospital. Published in 2014.Other→
- Blood and Blood Forming OrgansClopidogrel Recombinant Factor VIIa (rFVIIa) Haemophilia bypassing agents (rFVIIa/aPCC) Emicizumab ATC Code B01AC04 Medicine Clopidogrel Indication Percutaneous coronary intervention (stenting) NEMLC Recommendation Approved Clopidogrel plus aspirin recommended for a minimum of: - 30 days in situations where a bare metal stent is inserted - 90 days in situations where a sirolimOther→