Guidelines
94 entriesNDOH Standard Treatment Guidelines and clinical protocols
- Gastro-Intestinal SupportNutrition Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis Regurgitation and Aspiration Diarrhoea Liver Support Acute Severe Pancreatitis Acute Cholecystitis Abdominal Compartment Syndrome Nutrition Description Critically ill patients have increased nutritional requirements due to an increased metabolic rate. Therefore, they require careful management of their nutritional requirements. General Measures Commence nutritioEML (Adult)→
- Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD)Description Diagnostic criteria General and supportive measures Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 code: K21 DESCRIPTION Gastro-oesophageal reflux is repetitive regurgitation/reflux of gastric contents into the oesophagus. It is termed “Complicated GOR” or “GORD” if associated with the diagnostic criteria below. It should be differentiated from “Uncomplicated GOR” if the only symptom is frePEML (Paeds)→
- Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD) and DyspepsiaDescription General Measures Medicine Treatment Referral ICD-10 code: K21.0/K21.9/K22.7/K30 DESCRIPTION GORD is a disorder which develops as a consequence of the reflux of gastric and duodenal contents into the oesophagus. It is usually characterised by heartburn and regurgitation. Dyspepsia is the sensation of epigastric discomfort. It may be a feature of potentially severe diseases such as peptEML (Adult)→
- Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux/Disease in InfantsDescription General Measures Referral ICD-10 code: P78.8-9 DESCRIPTION Gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) is the passive regurgitation of gastric content into the oesophagus. It may be a normal physiological phenomenon in infants, children and adults. It is noted by frequent positing/regurgitation of small amounts of milk/food. Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is when GOR results in abnormalPrimary Care→
- Gastroenteritis 1: Assessment and Summary AlgorithmPaediatric Gastroenteritis GuidanceOther→
- Gastroenteritis 2: InvestigationsPaediatric Gastroenteritis GuidanceOther→
- Gastroenteritis 3: Fluid Management (First 4 hours)Paediatric Gastroenteritis GuidanceOther→
- Gastroenteritis 4: Antibiotic UsePaediatric Gastroenteritis Guidance on Antibiotics UseOther→
- Gastroenteritis 5: Electrolyte DistrubancePaediatric Gastroenteritis Guidance on Electrolyte DisturbancesOther→
- Gastroenteritis 6: Routine Diet and MicronutrientsPaediatric Gastroenteritis Guidance on Routine Diet and MacronutrientsOther→
- Gastroenteritis 7: Fluid Management after the First 4 HoursManagement after the first four hours of hydrationOther→
- Gastroenteritis 8: Special SituationsSpecial Situations in Paediatric GastroenteritisOther→
- Gastroenteritis 9: DischargeAssessment for DischargeOther→
- Gastroenteritis Appendix 1: Hydration Check FormForm for continuous assessment of hydrationOther→
- Gastroenteritis Appendix 2: Continuous Assessment FormRehydration Continuous Assessment FormOther→
- Gastrointestinal ConditionsStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- GastronomyIntroduction Background Anatomy of a gastrostomy Important details on history Important details on examination Basic care Trouble shooting Using a foley’s catheter as a temporary gastrostomy SETTING Primary and Secondary Healthcare Institutions in the Western Cape which refer to Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital (RCWMCH) FOR STAFF Primary and Secondary Doctors and Nurses who refer patienOther→
- Gastroscopy and ColonoscopyGastroscopy and ColonoscopyOther→
- General - Pain Assessment and ManagementAn approach to symptom management to guide decision-making in the management of patients with life-threatening illnessOther→
- General Anaesthesia - Induction of AnaesthesiaDescription Medicine treatment for induction of anaesthesia Induction should be learnt in an appropriate learning situation. DESCRIPTION Anaesthesia should only be administered by medical practitioners with appropriate training in anaesthesia. Induction of anaesthesia is the critical part of the transition from consciousness to general anaesthesia. This is a period which requires highly skilPEML (Paeds)→
- General Anaesthesia - Maintenance of AnaesthesiaDescription Medicine treatment DESCRIPTION After induction, the focus shifts to the maintenance of an adequate level of hypnosis, immobility and analgesia. Anaesthetic goals include maintaining normothermia and normoglycaemia, maintenance of cardiovascular stability, prevention of hypoxia and hyper/hypocapnia, providing appropriate analgesia, and the prevention of post-operative complications. MEPEML (Paeds)→
- General Anaesthesia - PreparationDescription General and supportive measures Medicine treatment DESCRIPTION All patients should be starved before general anaesthesia to prevent regurgitation and aspiration of gastric contents. The preoperative starvation period is: clear fluid: 1 hour, breast milk: 4 hours, and, solids, breast milk substitutes, non-human milk: 6 hours. Clear fluids include water, clear juices withPEML (Paeds)→
- General Care of Women in LabourThe guidelines recommend management of common obstetric conditions at primary and referral level, based on local experience and evidence-based practice. They are not intended as strict protocols nor as standard operating procedures, but rather as a guide to safe effective management of common obstetric problems. The guidelines should be most useful to interns, medical officers and registrars.Other→
- General CommentsThis booklet is intended as a practical guide to patient care for registrars, medical officers, interns and medical students attached to the gynaecology units at the University of the Witwatersrand Academic Hospitals. Anyone can use it.Other→
- General Danger Signs (Age 2 months up to 5 years)IMCI - Child (Age 2 months up to 5 years)IMCI→
- General Fracture Management - CastingCasting - General Fracture ManagementOther→
- General Fracture Management: IntroductionGeneral Fracture ManagementOther→
- General Instructions for All Oral Medicines to be Given at HomeIMCI - Child (Age 2 months up to 5 years)IMCI→
- General Office PreparationSADA COVID-19 Guidelines, May 2020Other→
- General Perioperative Measures and ManagementAnaemia Cell salvage Anaemia Consensus Grade 3.1 Patients who are anaemic (Hb <13g/dL) should be investigated and the cause treated appropriately. Yes A 3.2 Patient pathways and pre-assessment clinics should be established to allow timely and appropriate management, and elective surgery should be delayed if required. Yes B Preoperative anaemia is common and is associated with worse outcOther→
- General PrinciplesAnatomical consideration Pathophysiological considerations Interventional considerations (what to do about the pain) Monitoring considerations Facilities and socioeconomical consideration Routes of administration of analgesics Management of acute nociceptive pain according to the visual analogue scale Table I: Oral and IV MME When treating any disease, including acute pain, the following factorsOther→
- General PrinciplesGeneral infection control principles are as follows Spaulding’s classification Critical instruments Semi-critical instruments Non-critical instruments General infection control principles are as follows A named senior member of the anaesthesia staff should be appointed at each hospital to liaise with the infection control team and the occupational health and safety department. This is to ensure eOther→
- General Principles of Acute PoisoningGeneral principles of acute poisoningOther→
- General Principles of Pharmacology in Critical IllnessPharmacokinetic (PK, “what the body does to the drug”) and pharmacodynamic (PD, “what the drug does to the body”) variations in critical care patients occur secondary to underlying illness, rapidly changing multiorgan dysfunction, and the use of multiple supportive modalities. Therapeutic response and clinical outcomes are affected by altered drug absorption, plasma protein binding, volume of disEML (Adult)→
- General Stroke Treatment ChecklistClick on the image to enlarge. Click here for the pdf . Angels Initiative South Africa _ Registered Nurse General Stroke Treatment Pack_2024Other→
- Generalised Anxiety Disorders (GAD)Generalised Anxiety Disorders (GAD)PEML (Paeds)→
- Genital Molluscum Contagiosum (MC)Sexually Transmitted InfectionsPrimary Care→
- Genital Ulcer SyndromeInfection Genital ulcer syndrome Brief outline/clinical setting STI, may be painful or painless Aetiologies/organisms Painful: HSV, Haemophilus ducreyi Painless: Syphilis, Chlamydia trachomatis, Klebsiella granulomatis (Granuloma inguinale/Donovanosis) Optimal antimicrobial selection Refer to STI guidelines algorithm Duration Alternative if allergic/not available Rationale Global GuOther→
- Genital Ulcer Syndrome (GUS)Sexually Transmitted InfectionsPrimary Care→
- Genital Ulcer Syndrome (GUS)Standard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- Genital Warts (GW): Condylomata AccuminataSexually Transmitted InfectionsPrimary Care→
- Genital Warts: Condylomata AccuminataGenital Warts: Condylomata AccuminataPrimary Care→
- Genito Urinary System and Sex HormonesCabergoline Levonorgestrel Intrauterine System Estrogen Testosterone Medroxyprogesterone acetate, Cyproterone acetate Cyproterone, Ethinyl estradiol Darifenacin PDE5-inhibititors Finasteride ATC Code G02CB3 Medicine Cabergoline Indication Prolactinoma, refractory/intolerant to bromocriptine NEMLC Recommendation Approved Review Indicators n/a Date Ratified 23 June 2022 ATC CodOther→
- Gestational Age Assessment in NewbornsManagement guidelines for students, interns and registrars on a variety of routine and emergency situations in our neonatal service at Tygerberg Children’s Hospital. Published in 2014.Other→
- Gestational HypertensionStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults, Updated for the 2023 EditionEML (Adult)→
- Gestational Hypertension: No Severe FeaturesDescription General measures Medicine treatment Referral O13 DESCRIPTION Hypertension occurring for the first time at ≥ 20 weeks' gestation with no proteinuria. GENERAL MEASURES May be managed without admission < 38 weeks' gestation, provided no proteinuria. Review the following on a weekly basis: BP weight urine analysis height of fundus (every two weeks) foetal heart rate and movements EducaPrimary Care→
- Gestational Hypertension: With Severe FeaturesO13 Management is the same as for treatment of pre-eclampsia with severe features – See Pre-eclampsia . Click here to access the pdf . Standard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Primary Healthcare, 2025-9_Version 1.0_26 March 2026 Chapter 6: Obstetrics and Gynaecology_6.4.2.3 Gestational Hypertension: With Severe FeaturesPrimary Care→
- Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (GTD)This booklet is intended as a practical guide to patient care for registrars, medical officers, interns and medical students attached to the gynaecology units at the University of the Witwatersrand Academic Hospitals. Anyone can use it.Other→
- GiardiasisSee: Gastrointestinal conditions. Click here to access the pdf . Standard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Primary Healthcare, 2020-2024_Version 1.1_20 January 2025 Chapter 10: Infections and Related Conditions_10.6 Giardiasis Primary Care→
- GiardiasisDescription General Measures Medicine Treatment ICD-10 code: A07.1 DESCRIPTION Infection with the protozoan parasite, G. lamblia which colonises the proximal small intestine. Does not typically present with acute diarrhoea. GENERAL MEASURES Fluid and electrolyte replacement in severe diarrhoea. MEDICINE TREATMENT Metronidazole, oral, 2 g daily for 3 days. Click here for the pdf . StaEML (Adult)→