Guidelines
18 entriesNDoH Hospital-level adult STG
- Illicit DrugsCocaine poisoning Amphetamine derivative poisoning COCAINE POISONING T40.5 + (X42.99/X62.99/Y12.99) DESCRIPTION Cocaine may be absorbed through any mucous membrane, smoked, ingested, or injected intravenously. Clinical features: Mild toxicity: euphoria, anxiety, altered mental status, tachycardia, mild hypertension. Moderate toxicity: agitation, paranoia, hallucinations, cardiac dysrhythmias. Sev→
- Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS)Please click on the link below to access the most up-to-date version of this guideline. The content on this page is currently being updated to align with the latest publication. Always check the version number at the bottom of the screen to confirm which version you are using. Click here to access the Adult Hospital Level Chapter 10: HIV_and_AIDS_with_supporting_NEMLC_Report_Reviews_2025-9-Versio→
- Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP)Description General Measures Medicine Treatment Referral D69.3 DESCRIPTION A common bleeding disorder due to immune-mediated destruction of platelets. Clinically apparent associated conditions, drugs (e.g. penicillins, cephalosporins, quinine, rifampicin and heparin), or other agents that may cause thrombocytopenia must be excluded before a diagnosis of ITP can be considered. Patients with suspec→
- ImpetigoStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 Edition→
- Infectious and Parasitic ConditionsStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 Edition→
- InfertilityDescription General measures Medicine treatment ICD-10 code: N97.0-4/N97.8-9 DESCRIPTION Inability to conceive after a year of regular sexual intercourse without contraception. GENERAL MEASURES Counselling. Lifestyle modification, e.g. weight optimisation, smoking cessation and regular sexual intercourse. Investigations Partner semen analysis. Anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) levels to evaluate→
- Inflammatory Bowel DiseaseDescription Referral ICD-10 code: K50.0-1/K50.8-9/K51.0-5/K51.8-9/K52.0-3/K52.8-9 DESCRIPTION Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract that includes both Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis. Abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, diarrhoea and weight loss characterise both CD and ulcerative colitis REFERRAL Discuss all patients with a pot→
- Ingestion of Caustic SubstancesDescription General measures T54.1A/T54.2/T54.3/T54.9 + (X46.99/X66.99/Y16.99) DESCRIPTION Alkaline: Toilet bowl cleaners, drain cleaners, oven cleaners. Acids: Various e.g. domestic descalers. Caustic substances can cause necrosis of the gut mucosa and underlying tissue, resulting in acute perforation (particularly strong alkalis), and possible strictures later (which can occur with acids and al→
- Insect Bites and StingsDescription General measures Medicine treatment T63.4 + (X23.99/X24.99/X25.99/X29.99) DESCRIPTION Toxicity due to insect bites and stings usually results in local effects only and systemic effects are rare. Occasionally, hypersensitivity reactions are encountered, varying from minor local inflammation to acute anaphylaxis. Multiple bee stings can result in systemic toxicity and may require ICU ca→
- InsomniaDescription General Measures Medicine Treatment Referral ICD-10 code: G47.0/G47.9 Description Insomnia may be an independent disorder or associated with comorbid conditions. Insomnia may persist despite successful treatment of the comorbidity and may necessitate separate treatment. Patients presenting with insomnia may complain of difficulty falling asleep, frequent waking during the night, early→
- Intensive CareStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 Edition→
- Intravenous FluidsStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 Edition→
- IntroductionThe Primary Healthcare (PHC) and Adult Hospital Level (AHL) Standard Treatment Guidelines (STGs) and Essential Medicines List (EML) enable the equitable access to safe, effective and affordable essential medicines across South Africa. Historically, the PHC and AHL Expert Review Committees (ERCs) responsible for developing the PHC and AHL STGs were appointed as separate Committees. However, in 202→
- Introduction - ObstetricsStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults, Updated for the 2023 Edition→
- Introduction and Principles of Critical CareIntroduction Critical care is the discipline that entails specialised medical and nursing care for patients who have, are at risk of, or are recovering from serious, lifethreatening injuries and illnesses. Critical care involves constant, intensive monitoring and comprehensive care including multiple modalities of vital physiologic organ support to sustain life during a period of life-threatening→
- Iron PoisoningDescription General measures Medicine treatment Referral T45.4 + (X44.99/X64.99/Y14.99) DESCRIPTION Iron is a commonly prescribed drug, especially in pregnancy, and in overdose causes initial gastrointestinal toxicity. Patients may have a stage of “apparent recovery” 6–36 hours post-ingestion. This should not be confused with true recovery as patients may subsequently deteriorate. Significant exp→
- Ischaemic Heart Disease and Atherosclerosis, PreventionStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 Edition→
- Isoniazid PoisoningDescription General measures Medicine treatment Referral T37.1 + (X44.99/X64.99/Y14.99) DESCRIPTION Acute toxicity can present with the classic triad of seizures, metabolic acidosis, and coma. Seizures are of a generalised tonic-clonic type, and often refractory to standard anticonvulsant therapy. GENERAL MEASURES Supportive management aimed at preventing and managing complications. Treat hyperth→