Aciclovir
Indications
These indications are based on manufacturer information for both originator and generic products. For product specific registered indications, please refer to product specific manufacturer information
Registered South African indications:
Oral formulations
- Treatment of initial and recurrent herpes simplex infections of the skin and mucous membranes, including initial and recurrent genital herpes simplex virus infections in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients
- Suppression of recurrent genital herpes simplex infections in immunocompetent patients
- Prophylaxis of herpes simplex infections in immunocompromised patients
- Treatment of herpes zoster (shingles) infections if the lesions are not older than 72 hours
- Treatment of varicella-zoster (chickenpox) infection within 24 hours after appearance of the typical chickenpox lesions
- Reduction of mortality and risk of developing herpes virus infections in certain severely immunocompromised patients, namely those with advanced HIV disease (CD4+ counts <200/mm3 including patients with AIDS or ARC) or following bone marrow transplantation
- Post bone-marrow transplantation oral aciclovir must be preceded by one month’s intravenous treatment with aciclovir
Intravenous formulations
- Treatment and prophylaxis of herpes simplex infections in immunocompromised patients
- Treatment of varicella zoster infections in immunocompromised patients
- Chickenpox prophylaxis and therapy of pneumonial complications
- Shingles if the lesions are not older than 72 hours - Treatment of herpes simplex infections in the neonate
- Treatment of herpes simplex encephalitis
- Prevention of reactivation of cytomegalovirus infection in seropositive patients following bone marrow transplantation
Contraindications (ZA)
Registered South African contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to the active ingredient or any of its excipients
- Hypersensitivity to valaciclovir
- Pregnancy (tab)
- Lactation (tab)
Contraindications
Contraindications registered in other jurisdictions
- Hypersensitivity to the active ingredient or any of its excipients
- Hypersensitivity to valaciclovir
Warnings & precautions
- Pregnancy (dsp, sus, inj) (South African recommendations)
- Pregnancy (Recommendations in other jurisdictions)
- Breastfeeding (dsp, sus, inj) (South African recommendations)
- Breastfeeding (Recommendations in other jurisdictions)
- Renal impairment
- Hepatic impairment
- Elderly
- High doses
- Prolonged or repeated courses (in severely immunocompromised patients)
- Dehydration
- Underlying neurological abnormalities
- Coadministration with nephrotoxic agents
- Contact with eyes or unprotected skin (inj)
- Fructose intolerance (sus)
Adult dosage (ZA)
Forms avail. in SA and covered in this monograph: dsp, sus, tab, inj, inf, poi
Dosages below include:
- South African Standard Treatment Guidelines indications and dosages
- South African registered indications and dosages
Infections caused by: Herpes simplex virus types I and II; Varicella zoster virus
Specific doses based on individual indications
Please note that the dosages below should be used in combination with regional guidelines, taking into account local antibiotic sensitivities
South African Standard Treatment Guidelines indications and dosages
Recurrent genital Herpes simplex infections
- Oral (dsp, sus, tab): 400mg, 12hrly
(STG, Adult 2019)
Herpes simplex infections of the mouth and lips
- Extensive oral herpes
- Oral (dsp, sus, tab): 400mg, 8hrly; Treatment duration: 7 days
(STG, PHC 2020)
Herpes simplex encephalitis
- IV: 10mg/kg, 8hrly; Treatment duration: 14 days
(STG, Adult 2019)
Herpes simplex encephalitis in immunocompromised patients
- IV: 10mg/kg, 8hrly; Treatment duration: 21 days
(STG, Adult 2019)
Herpes simplex
- Extensive herpes, eczema herpeticum or chronic mucocutaneous ulcerations
- Chronic herpes simplex ulcers
- Oral (dsp, sus, tab): 400mg, 8hrly; Treatment duration: 7 days
(STG, PHC 2020)
Varicella zoster infections (Chickenpox)
- Oral (dsp, sus, tab): 800mg, 6hrly; Treatment duration: 7 days
(STG, PHC 2020)
Complicated varicella (Chickenpox)
- IV: 10mg/kg, given as an infusion over 1hr, 8hrly; Treatment duration: 7 days
For varicella without neurological involvement, when the patient’s clinical condition improves, the 7-day course can be completed with (Antiviral active against varicella zoster):
- Oral (dsp, sus, tab): 800mg, 5 times dly (Given 4hrly, except for dose scheduled for the middle of the night); Treatment duration: 7 days
(STG, Adult, January 2025)
Herpes zoster infections (Shingles)
- Oral (dsp, sus, tab): 800mg, 5 times dly (Given 4hrly, except for dose scheduled for the middle of the night); Treatment duration: 7 days
(STG, Adult, January 2025)
Herpes zoster with secondary dissemination or neurologicall/complicated eye involvement (i.e. complicated herpes zoster ophthalmicus e.g. acute retinal necrosis (ARN), optic neuropathy or orbitopathy)
- IV: 10mg/kg, given as an infusion over 1hr, 8hrly; Treatment duration: 7 days
The course can be completed with:
- Oral (dsp, sus, tab): 800mg, 5 times dly; Treatment duration: 7 days
(STG, Adult, January 2025)
Herpes zoster ophthalmicus
- Oral (dsp, sus, tab): 800mg, 5 times dly (4hrly while awake); Treatment duration: 7-10 days
(STG, Adult, September 2024)
Herpes simplex keratitis
- Oral (dsp, sus, tab): 400mg, 5 times, dly; Treatment duration: 10-14 days
(STG, Adult, September 2024)
Eczema herpeticum
- Oral (dsp, sus, tab): 400mg, 8hrly; Treatment duration: 7 days
- Unable to swallow due to odynophagia
- IV: 5mg/kg, given as an infusion over 1hr, 8hrly; Treatment duration: 7 days
(STG, Adult 2019)
Genital ulcer syndrome (If HIV positive or unknown HIV status) (Additional agent required)
Management of >1 STI syndrome
- Genital ulcer syndrome + vaginal discharge syndrome (Additional agent required)
- Lower abdominal pain + genital ulcer syndrome (Additional agent required)
- Male urethritis syndrome + genital ulcer syndrome (Additional agent required)
- Scrotal swelling + genital ulcer syndrome (Additional agent required)
- Oral (dsp, sus, tab): 400mg, 8hrly; Treatment duration: 7 days
(STG, PHC 2020)
South African registered indications and dosages
Oral formulations
Treatment of initial and recurrent herpes simplex infections of the skin and mucous membranes, including initial and recurrent genital herpes simplex virus infections in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients
- Oral (dsp, sus, tab): 200mg, 4hrly (5 times a day omitting the night time dose); Treatment duration: 5 days, in severe infections, the duration of treatment can be extended
- In severely immunocompromised patients or in patients with impaired gastro-intestinal absorption
- Oral (dsp, sus, tab): Dose may be increased: 400mg, 5 times a day alternatively IV admin. may be considered
Treatment should be initiated as early as possible after the start of an infection, or in the case of recurrent episodes, treatment should be started during the prodromal period or when lesions first appear
Suppression of recurrent genital herpes simplex infections in immunocompetent patients
- Oral (dsp, sus): 200mg, 6hrly OR 400mg, 12hrly OR 200mg, 8hrly or 12hrly may be adequate for some patients; Breakthrough infections on total daily doses of 800mg may be experienced with some patients
Therapy should be periodically interrupted at intervals of 6-12 months, in order to observe possible changes in the natural history of the disease
Prophylaxis of herpes simplex infections in immunocompromised patients
- Oral (dsp, sus, tab): 200mg, 6hrly
- In severely immunocompromised patients (e.g. after marrow transplant) or in patients with impaired gastro-intestinal absorption
- Oral (dsp, sus, tab): Dose may be increased: 400mg, 4 times a day OR change to IV admin.; The duration of prophylactic administration is determined by the duration of the period at risk
Treatment of herpes zoster (shingles) infections if the lesions are not older than 72 hours
Treatment of varicella-zoster (chickenpox) infection within 24 hours after appearance of the typical chickenpox lesions
- Oral (dsp, sus, tab): 800mg, 5 times a day (omitting the night time dose); Treatment duration: 7 days
Intravenous administration should be considered for severely immunocompromised patients (e.g. after marrow transplant) or in patients with impaired gastro-intestinal absorption
Treatment should be initiated as soon as possible after the rash appears. Intravenous administration may be considered if necessary
Reduction of mortality and risk of developing herpes virus infections in certain severely immunocompromised patients, namely those with advanced HIV disease (CD4+ counts <200/mm3 including patients with AIDS or ARC) or following bone marrow transplantation
- Oral (dsp, sus, tab): 800mg, 6hrly
In patients with advanced HIV disease, aciclovir tablets has been used in conjunction with oral zidovudine
Post bone-marrow transplantation oral aciclovir must be preceded by one month’s intravenous treatment with aciclovir
Bone marrow recipients should receive IV aciclovir 500mg/m2, 3 times daily for one month prior to receiving oral therapy, then (see IV dosing information):
- Oral (dsp, sus): 800mg, 6hrly; Treatment duration: 6 months from 1-7 months post transplant and 12 months in patients with advanced HIV disease
The dispersible tablet must be dispersed in 50ml of water or swallowed whole with a little water and may be taken with or without meals
Do not dilute the oral suspension
Intravenous formulations
Treatment and prophylaxis of herpes simplex infections in immunocompromised patients
- IV: 5mg/kg bodyweight, 8hrly; Treatment duration: Usually 5 days, may be adjusted according to the patient's condition and response to therapy
The duration of prophylactic administration of aciclovir IV is determined by the duration of the period at risk
Treatment of varicella zoster infections in immunocompromised patients
- Chickenpox prophylaxis and therapy of pneumonial complications
- Shingles if the lesions are not older than 72 hours
- IV: 10mg/kg bodyweight, 8hrly; Treatment duration: Usually 5 days, may be adjusted according to the patient's condition and response to therapy
Treatment of herpes simplex encephalitis in normal or immunocompromised patients
- IV: 10mg/kg bodyweight, 8hrly; Treatment duration: Usually 10 days
Prevention of reactivation of cytomegalovirus infection in seropositive patients following bone marrow transplantation
- IV: 500mg/m2, 8hrly; Treatment duration: From 5 days before, up to 30 days after transplant
All indications: The required dose of aciclovir IV should be administered by slow intravenous infusion over a one hour period
Obese patients should be dosed at the recommended adult dose using ideal body weight, rather than actual body weight
Paediatric dosage (ZA)
Paed. forms avail. in SA and covered in this monograph: dsp, sus, tab, inj, poi, inf
Paed. dosages below include:
- South African Standard Treatment Guidelines indications and dosages
- South African registered indications and dosages
Infections caused by: Herpes simplex virus types I and II; Varicella zoster virus
Specific doses based on individual indications
Please note that the dosages below should be used in combination with regional guidelines, taking into account local antibiotic sensitivities
South African Standard Treatment Guidelines indications and dosages
Herpes simplex infections of the mouth and lips
- Extensive oral herpes
Extensive herpes, eczema herpeticum or chronic mucocutaneous ulcerations
Younger than 15 years
- Oral (dsp, sus, tab): 250mg/m2, 8hrly; Treatment duration: 7 days
15 years and older
- See adult dosage
(STG, PHC 2020)
Herpes gingivostomatitis
- If more than minor fever blisters
Aciclovir, oral, 250mg/m2/dose 6hrly for 7 days (or per kg dose equivalent below)
- Between 1-12 months: Oral (dsp, tab, sus): 12.5mg/kg/dose, 6hrly; Treatment duration: 7 days
- Between 1-6 years: Oral (dsp, tab, sus): 10mg/kg/dose, 6hrly; Treatment duration: 7 days
- Between 6 -12 years: Oral (dsp,tab, sus): 6mg/kg/dose, 6hrly; Treatment duration: 7 days
(STG, Paed. 2023)
Herpes gingivostomatitis - very severe
Aciclovir, IV, 250 mg/m2/dose 8 hourly for 7 days (per kg dose equivalent below)
- Between 1-12 months: IV: 12.5mg/kg/dose, 8hrly; Treatment duration: 7 days
- Between 1-6 years: IV: 10mg/kg/dose, 8hrly; Treatment duration: 7 days
- Between 6 -12 years: IV: 6mg/kg/dose, 8hrly; Treatment duration: 7 days
(STG, Paed. 2023)
Erythema multiforme secondary to herpes simplex virus
- If herpes simplex virus suspected to be the cause
Eczema
- If herpes simplex virus suspected
- Oral (dsp, sus, tab): 250mg/m2/dose, 8hrly; Treatment duration: 7 days
(STG, Paed. 2023)
Varicella zoster (Chickenpox)
- Neonates, immunocompromised patients and all cases with severe chickenpox (not encephalitis)
Herpes zoster (Shingles)
- Within 24 hours of the appearance of the rash for less severe cases
- Oral (dsp, sus, tab): 20mg/kg/dose, 6hrly; Max: 800mg/dose; Treatment duration: 7 days
(STG, Paed. 2023; PHC 2020)
- In severe cases or in cases where oral medicine cannot be given
- Younger than 12 years: IV: 20mg/kg/dose given over 1hr, 8hrly; Treatment duration: 7 days
- Older than 12 years: IV: 10mg/kg/dose given over 1hr, 8hrly; Treatment duration: 7 days
(STG, Paed. 2023)
Varicella zoster (Chickenpox) prophylaxis
- Neonates whose mothers develop varicella from 5 days before delivery to 2 days after delivery (If varicella-zoster immunoglobulin is not available)
- Oral (dsp, sus, tab): 20mg/kg/dose, 6hrly; Treatment duration: 10 days
(STG, Paed. 2023)
- Immunocompromised children exposed to varicella
- Hospitalised immunocompetent children exposed to varicella (to limit spread)
- Older than 28 days: Oral (dsp, tab, sus): 20mg/kg/dose, 8hrly; Treatment duration: 10 days given in the 2nd week after exposure
(STG, Paed. 2023)
Acute viral meningo-encephalitis secondary to herpes simplex or varicella zoster
- If herpes simplex virus or varicella zoster virus encephalitis suspected
- Between 0-12 years: IV: 20mg/kg/dose given over 1hr, 8hrly; Treatment duration: 7 days (Varicella) OR 14 days (HSV)
- Older than 12 years: IV: 10mg/kg/dose given over 1hr, 8hrly; Treatment duration: 7 days (Varicella) OR 14 days (HSV)
(STG, Paed. 2023)
Acute viral laryngotracheobronchitis (croup)
- Suspected herpes
- IV: 10-15mg/kg/dose, 8hrly; Treatment duration: 5-7 days
(STG, Paed. 2023)
Herpes keratitis and conjunctivitis
- Oral (dsp, tab, sus): 20mg/kg, 5 times a day; Treatment duration: 10 days
(STG, Paed. 2023)
South African registered indications and dosages
Oral formulations
Treatment of varicella-zoster (chickenpox) infection within 24 hours after appearance of the typical chickenpox lesions
Oral (dsp)
- Younger than 2 years: 50% of adult dosage
- 2 years and older: Adult dosage
Oral (dsp, sus, tab)
- Adolescents between 12-18 years: 800mg, 4 times a day; Treatment duration: 5 days
Treatment of Herpes zoster (shingles) infections if the lesions are not older than 72 hours
Oral (dsp, sus)
- Younger than 2 years: 50% of adult dosage (limited data)
- 2 years and older: Adult dosage
Treatment of Herpes simplex infections and prophylaxis of Herpes simplex infections in immunocompromised children
Oral (dsp, sus)
- Younger than 2 years: 50% of adult dosage (limited data)
- 2 years and older: Adult dosage
Oral (tab)
- Younger than 2 years: Not established for use
- 2 years and older: Adult dosage
Oral aciclovir in children less than 2 years of age has not been fully studied. Dosing for varicella (chickenpox) may be more accurately calculated as 20mg aciclovir per kg body mass (not to exceed 800mg) 4 times daily. Treatment should continue for 5 days and should start within 24 hours after appearance of typical chickenpox rash. Limited data suggest that for management of severely immunocompromised children, over 2 years of age, the adult dose may be given
The dispersible tablet must be dispersed in 50ml of water or swallowed whole with a little water and may be taken with or without meals
Do not dilute the oral suspension
Intravenous formulations
Treatment and prophylaxis of herpes simplex infections in immunocompromised patients
- IV: 20mg/kg bodyweight, 8hrly; Treatment duration: 14 days
Treatment of varicella zoster infections in immunocompromised patients
- Chickenpox prophylaxis and therapy of pneumonial complications
- Shingles if the lesions are not older than 72 hours
- IV: 20mg/kg bodyweight, 4 times per day; Treatment duration: 5 days
Treatment of herpes simplex encephalitis
- IV: 20mg/kg bodyweight, 8hrly; Treatment duration: 21 days
The doses of aciclovir IV provided above are for children aged between 3 months and 12 years and are calculated on the basis of body weight
Treatment of herpes simplex infections in the neonate
Neonates and infants up to 3 months
- IV: 20mg/kg bodyweight, 8hrly; Treatment duration: 21 days
Prevention of reactivation of cytomegalovirus infection in seropositive patients following bone marrow transplantation
- Younger than 2 years: No information available
- Older than 2 years: See adult dosage
Limited data suggest that for the prevention of cytomegalovirus reactivation in children over 2 years of age, who have undergone bone marrow transplantation, the adult dose may be given
Pregnancy & lactation
Pregnancy
South African recommendations
Dispersible tablet, Suspension, Injection
- Caution; no evidence of risk in studies
- There is limited data on the use of aciclovir in pregnancy. The data is insufficient to establish safety and therefore, safety and efficacy in pregnancy has not been established
- A post-marketing aciclovir pregnancy registry has documented pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to aciclovir (dsp)
- The registry findings have not shown an increase in the number of birth defects amongst aciclovir-exposed subjects compared with the general population, and any birth defects showed no uniqueness or consistent pattern to suggest a common cause (dsp)
Tablets
- Contraindicated
- Safety has not been established during pregnancy
Recommendations in other jurisdictions
- Caution; no evidence of risk in studies
- The use of aciclovir should be considered only when the potential benefits outweigh the possibility of unknown risks
- A post-marketing aciclovir pregnancy registry has documented pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to any formulation of aciclovir. The registry findings have not shown an increase in the number of birth defects amongst aciclovir exposed subjects compared with the general population, and any birth defects showed no uniqueness or consistent pattern to suggest a common cause
- Systemic administration of aciclovir in internationally accepted standard tests did not produce embryotoxic or teratogenic effects in rabbits, rats or mice. In a non-standard test in rats, foetal abnormalities were observed but only following such high subcutaneous doses that maternal toxicity was produced. The clinical relevance of these findings is uncertain
- Caution should therefore be exercised by balancing the potential benefits of treatment against any possible hazard
Breastfeeding
South African recommendations
Dispersible tablet, Suspension, Injection
- Caution
- There is limited data on the use of aciclovir in lactation. The data is insufficient to establish safety and therefore, safety and efficacy in lactation have not been established
- Following oral administration of 200mg aciclovir five times a day, aciclovir has been detected in breast milk at concentrations ranging from 0.6 to 4.1 times the corresponding plasma levels. These levels would potentially expose breastfeeding infants to aciclovir dosages of up to 0.3mg/kg/day
- Lactating women on aciclovir treatment should not breastfeed (sus)
Tablets
- Contraindicated
- Safety has not been established during lactation
Recommendations in other jurisdictions
- Caution
- Following oral administration of 200mg aciclovir five times a day, aciclovir has been detected in breast milk at concentrations ranging from 0.6 to 4.1 times the corresponding plasma levels. These levels would potentially expose breastfeeding infants to aciclovir dosages of up to 0.3mg/kg/day
Fertility
Recommendations below are applicable to South Africa and other jurisdictions
- There is no information on the effect of aciclovir on human female fertility
- In a reported study of 20 male patients with normal sperm count, oral aciclovir administered at doses of up to 1g per day for up to six months has been shown to have no clinically significant effect on sperm count, motility or morphology
Renal impairment
- Caution; dose adjustment recommended
IV
| CrCl (ml/min/1.73m2) | Adults and adolescents | Infants and children <13 years |
| 25-50 | IV: 5-10mg/kg, 12hrly | IV: 250-500mg/m2(or 20mg/kg), 12hrly |
| 10-25 | IV: 5-10mg/kg, 24hrly | IV: 250-500mg/m2(or 20mg/kg), 24hrly |
| <10 | IV: 2.5-5mg/kg, 24hrly | IV: 125-250mg/m2(or 10mg/kg), 24hrly |
| Haemodialysis | IV: 2.5-5mg/kg, 24hrly; After dialysis | IV: 125-250mg/m2(or 10mg/kg), 24hrly; After dialysis |
Oral
| CrCl (ml/min/1.73m2) | Dose Adjustment |
| >25 | No dose adjustment |
| 10-25 | Herpes simplex: No dose adjustment; Herpes zoster: 800mg, 8hrly |
| <10 | Herpes simplex: 200mg, 12hrly; Herpes zoster: 800mg, 12hrly |
Hepatic impairment
- Caution; no dose adjustment recommended
Elderly
- Caution; no dose adjustment recommended
The possibility of renal impairment in the elderly must be considered and dosage should be adjusted accordingly
Adverse reactions
Central Nervous System Disorders
- Headache
- Dizziness
- Agitation
- Confusion
- Tremor
- Ataxia
- Dysarthria
- Hallucinations
- Psychotic symptoms
- Seizures
- Somnolence
- Encephalopathy
- Coma
- Fatigue
- Lethargy
- Paraesthesia
- Reversible psychiatric effects
Cardiovascular Disorders
- Phlebitis
- Hypotension
Respiratory Disorders
- Dyspnoea
Gastrointestinal Disorders
- Diarrhoea
- Abdominal pain
- Nausea and vomiting
Hepatobiliary Disorders
- Increased liver-related enzymes
- Bilirubin
- Jaundice
- Hepatitis
- Hyperbilirubinaemia
Genitourinary Disorders
- Crystalluria
- Increased urea and creatinine
- Acute renal failure
- Renal pain
- Haematuria
Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders
- Pruritus
- Urticaria
- Rashes
- Photosensitivity
- Angioedema
- Local necrosis and inflammation
- Diaphoresis
- Leukocytoclastic vasculitis
- Erythema multiforme
- Accelerated diffuse hair loss
Immune, Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders
- Anaemia
- Thrombocytopaenia
- Leukopaenia
- Neutropenia
- Anaphylaxis
- Local inflammatory reactions
- Fever
- Haemolysis
- Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (sometimes fatal) (In immunocompromised patients)
- Haemolytic uraemic syndrome (sometimes fatal) (In immunocompromised patients)
Interactions
- Cimetidine
- Probenecid
- Agents which compete with aciclovir for elimination (inj)
- Mycophenolate mofetil
- Theophylline
- Lithium
- Cyclosporin
- Tacrolimus
Monitoring
None routine. Specific cases may require
- Renal function
- Lithium levels (coadministered with high dose intravenous aciclovir)
- Theophylline levels (coadministered with aciclovir)
- Urine output
- Hepatic enzymes
- Full blood count
Additional observations
- Neurological side effects
- Infusion site
Mechanism of action
Aciclovir is a synthetic acyclic purine nucleoside analogue with in vitro and in vivo inhibitory activity against human Herpes viruses, including Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 and Varicella zoster virus (VZV), Epstein Barr virus (EBV) and Cytomegalovirus (CMV). In cell culture aciclovir has the greatest antiviral activity against HSV-1, followed (in decreasing order of potency) by HSV-2, VZV, EBV, and CMV. The inhibitory activity of aciclovir for HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV and EBV is highly selective. The enzyme thymidine kinase (TK) of normal, uninfected cells does not use aciclovir effectively as a substrate, hence toxicity to mammalian host cells is low; however, TK encoded by HSV, VZV and EBV converts aciclovir to aciclovir monophosphate, a nucleoside analogue, which is further converted to the diphosphate and finally to the triphosphate by cellular enzymes. Aciclovir needs to be phosphorylated to the active compound aciclovir triphosphate, in order to become active against the virus. Aciclovir triphosphate acts as an inhibitor of, and a substrate for, the herpes specified DNA polymerase preventing further viral DNA synthesis.
Spectrum of activity: Herpes simplex virus, Varicella-zoster virus
Dosage forms
- Suspension
- Injection
- Dispersible tablet
- Tablet
- Infusion
- Powder for injection
Formulation
Tablet 200mg
- Aciclovir Sandoz (Sandoz)
- Aciclovir Biotech (Biotech)
- Adco Acyclovir (Adcock Ingram)
- Apex-Acyclovir (Camox)
- Cyclivex (Pharmacare)
- Zovirax 200 (GSK)
Tablet 400mg
- Aciclovir Sandoz (Sandoz)
- Apex-Aciclovir (Camox)
- Cyclivex (Pharmacare)
- Lovire (Ranbaxy)
Tablet dispersible 200mg
- Acitab (Cipla Medpro)
- Lovire (Ranbaxy)
- Zovirax (GSK) originator
Tablet dispersible 400mg
- Acitab (Cipla Medpro)
- Lovire (Ranbaxy)
- Zovirax (GSK) originator
Suspension (per 5ml) 200mg
- Zovirax (GSK) originator
Injection (per vial) 250mg
- Acyrax (Pharma Dynamics)
- Aspen Acyclovir (Pharmacare)
- Mylan Aciclovir (Xixia)
- Zovirax (GSK) originator
Also available in the following forms: Cream and eye ointment.
References
1. PI - LOVIRE 200 Tablets, LOVIRE 400 Tablets, Ranbaxy Pharmaceuticals (Pty) Ltd - DATE OF REVISION OF THE TEXT - Last approval date: 15 August 2023 Downloaded online 17 October 2023 [https://pi-pil-repository.sahpra.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/pi-approved-Lovire-15-08-2023.pdf] 2. SmPC: Zovirax® Tablets 200 mg, GlaxoSmithKline UK; Last updated on eMC: 25 Jan 2018; Downloaded online 20 August 2018 [https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/1634/smpc] 3. SmPC: Zovirax® I.V. 250 mg, GlaxoSmithKline UK; Last updated on eMC: 01 Apr 2015; Downloaded online 20 August 2018 [https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/5472/smpc] 4. SmPC: Zovirax® Suspension, GlaxoSmithKline UK; Last updated on eMC: 08 Dec 2017; Downloaded online 20 August 2018 [https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/5470/smpc] 5. https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/0B27NqM_vidrmcGtlSUVXaFNzVjQ (26/11/2010_Mylan_Aciclovir_250, 500mg_inj) 6. https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/0B27NqM_vidrmcGtlSUVXaFNzVjQ (06/01/2006_Ranbaxy_Lovire_200, 400mg_tabs) 7. https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/0B27NqM_vidrmcGtlSUVXaFNzVjQ (5/09/1997_Pharmacare_Cyclivex_400mg_tab) 8. https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/0B27NqM_vidrmcGtlSUVXaFNzVjQ (07/2005_Cipla_Acitab_ 200, 400, 800_tab) 9. https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/0B27NqM_vidrmcGtlSUVXaFNzVjQ (10/03/2017_Mobimims_Zovirax_inj_disp tab_susp_crm) 10. Standard treatment guidelines and essential medicines list for South Africa, Hospital level, Paediatrics, 2017 11. U2D: Acyclovir (systemic): Drug information; Uptodate; Downloaded online 20 August 2018 [https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acyclovir-systemic-drug-information] 12. Sanford Guide Web Edition: Acyclovir; Last modified 30 Jun 2017; Downloaded online 20 August 2018 [https://webedition.sanfordguide.com/en/drug-information/antiviral-agents/herpesvirus/acyclovir] 13. NAPOS The Drug Database for Acute Porphyria: Aciclovir; Accessed online 20 August 2018 [http://www.drugs-porphyria.org/languages/UnitedKingdom/s3.php?atc_code=J05AB01&l=gbr] 14. South African Institute for Drug-Free Sport: Aciclovir Sandoz Tablets; Accessed online 20 August 2018 [http://www.drugfreesport.org.za/online-medication-check/] 15. SmPC: Zovirax 200mg Tablets (GlaxoSmithKline UK) , Last updated on emc 06 Mar 2020 ; Downloaded 13/3/2020 [https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/1634/smpc] 16. Clinical Pharmacologist - Dr. M Irhuma [https://trello.com/c/rMS5bjHg/321-list-of-hot-monographs] 17. PI: Acyrax, Pharma Dynamics: date of Registration: 01 October 2015 [https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/15H3UaWdJPlnhEsoD5Z-Dr3gIZf5SP6K6] 18. PI: Zovirax, IV, GSK: Date of Registration: 12 March 2015 [https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/15H3UaWdJPlnhEsoD5Z-Dr3gIZf5SP6K6] 19. PI: Zovirax (DSP, SUS), GSK: Date of Registration: 26 March 2015 [https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/15H3UaWdJPlnhEsoD5Z-Dr3gIZf5SP6K6] 20. SmPC: Aciclovir 200mg Tablets, Aurobindo Pharma - Milpharm Ltd: Last updated on emc: 06 Aug 2020; Downloaded online 04 Feb 2021 [https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/15H3UaWdJPlnhEsoD5Z-Dr3gIZf5SP6K6] 21. SmPC: Aciclovir 25 mg/ml Concentrate for Solution for Infusion, Hospira UK Ltd; Last updated on emc: 18 Jan 2021; Downloaded online 04 Feb 2021 [https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/15H3UaWdJPlnhEsoD5Z-Dr3gIZf5SP6K6] 22. SmPC: Zovirax Suspension, GlaxoSmithKline UK; Last updated on emc: 07 Jan 2021; Downloaded online 04 Feb 2021 [https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/15H3UaWdJPlnhEsoD5Z-Dr3gIZf5SP6K6] 23. National Department of Health. Standard Treatment Guidelines, Hospital Level Adult 2019 Edition 24. National Department of Health. Standard Treatment Guidelines, PHC Level 2020 Edition 25. National Department of Health. Standard Treatment Guidelines, Hospital Paed Level 2017 Edition 26. National Department of Health. Standard Treatment Guidelines, Hospital Paed Level 2022 Edition 27. PI - ZOVIRAX SUSPENSION (aciclovir 200mg), GlaxoSmithKline South Africa (Pty) Ltd - DATE OF REVISION OF TEXT 27 January 2023 Downloaded online 18 October 2023 [https://pi-pil-repository.sahpra.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/pi-zovirax-orals-30-app-sahpra.pdf] 28. PI - ZOVIRAX IV Injection Powder for Injection Acyclovir 250mg, GlaxoSmithKline South Africa (Pty) Ltd - . DATE OF REVISION OF TEXT 27 January 2023 Downloaded online 18 October 2023 [https://pi-pil-repository.sahpra.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/pi-zovirax-iv-30-app.pdf] 29. STG - Paediatrics Standard Treatment Guidelines and EML 2023 Edition_Final July 2023_0 Downloaded online 11 Oct 2023 [https://knowledgehub.health.gov.za/system/files/elibdownloads/2023-08/Paediatric%20STGs%20and%20EML%202023%20Edition_Final%20July%202023_0.pdf] 30. PI - ACYCLOVIR BIOTECH 200 Tablets, Biotech Laboratories (Pty) Ltd - DATE OF REVISION OF THE TEXT 23 June 2023 Downloaded online 18 Oct 2023 [https://pi-pil-repository.sahpra.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/1.3.1.1-Approved-PI-Acyclovir-biotech-0004.pdf] 31. SmPC - Aciclovir 200mg-5ml Oral Suspension Summary of Product Characteristics Updated 22-Jun-2023 Rosemont Pharmaceuticals Limited Downloaded online 18 Oct 2023 [https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/76/smpc] 32. SmPC - Aciclovir 400mg Tablets Summary of Product Characteristics Updated 06-Jan-2023 Aurobindo Pharma - Milpharm Ltd Downloaded online 18 October 2023 [https://medicines.org.uk/emc/product/11451/smpc] 33. SmPC -Aciclovir 200mg Tablets Summary of Product Characteristics Updated 06-Jan-2023 Aurobindo Pharma - Milpharm Ltd Downloaded online 18 October 2023 [https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/11673/smpc] 34. SmPC - Zovirax IV 250mg Summary of Product Characteristics Updated 26-May-2022 GlaxoSmithKline UK Downloaded online 18 October 2023 [https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/5472/smpc] Note: Aciclovir AIM Queries on Pharmacologist Workboard - Prof. Irhuma _ Trello Downloaded online 18 October 2023 [https://trello.com/c/d1x0wgq3/598-aciclovir-aim-queries] 35. Adult-Hospital-Chapter-9-Systemic-and-Healthcare-Associated-Infections-with-supporting-NEMLC-report-2020-4-review-Version-1.2-20-January-2025.pdf [https://www.health.gov.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Adult-Hospital-Chapter-9-Systemic-and-Healthcare-Associated-Infections-with-supporting-NEMLC-report-2020-4-review-Version-1.2-20-January-2025.pdf] 36. Adult Hospital Chapter 18 Eye Disorders with supporting NEMLC report & reviews 2020-4 Version 1.0 (30 September 2024) Downloaded online 03 June 2025 [https://www.health.gov.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Adult-Hospital-Chapter-18-Eye-Disorders-with-supporting-NEMLC-report-reviews-2020-4-Version-1.0-30-September-2024.pdf] --------------------------------------------------------------------- GHANA REFERENCES GH1. Ministry of Health Ghana National Drugs Programme (GNDP) Standard Treatment Guidelines, 7th Edition, 2017 [https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1EQKbcrtqOU9qM1DpWgsS35ERYS_WkO_w] GH2. Ministry of Health Ghana National Drugs Programme (GNDP) Essential Medicines List, 7th Edition, 2017 [https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1EQKbcrtqOU9qM1DpWgsS35ERYS_WkO_w] Note: spelled as Acyclovir on EML, and Aciclovir on STG
Brands & products
20 products · cached snapshot- Aciclovir (syn. Acyclovir)Acitab
- Acyrax
- Aciclovir Biotech
- Aciclovir Sandoz
- Adco Acyclovir
- Apex-Acyclovir
- Aspen Acyclovir
- Cyclivex
- Lovire
- Mylan Aciclovir
- Zovirax
TABTablet· 9 products
from R73.20| Product | Strength | Pack | Applicant | Min price |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acyclovir Biotech 200mg | 200 mg | 25 | Biotech Laboratories (Pty) Ltd | R73.20 |
| Aciclovir Sandoz 200 | 200 mg | 25 | Sandoz SA (Pty) Ltd | R92.93 |
| Adco Acyclovir 200mg | 200 mg | 25 | Adcock Ingram Limited | R99.73 |
| Cyclivex | 200 mg | 25 | Pharmacare Limited, Woodmead | R109.66 |
| Austell Acyclovir 200mg | 200 mg | 30 | Austell Laboratories (Pty) Ltd | R131.27 |
| Acyclovir Biotech 200mg | 200 mg | 100 | Biotech Laboratories (Pty) Ltd | R292.82 |
| Aciclovir Sandoz 400 | 400 mg | 70 | Sandoz SA (Pty) Ltd | R355.03 |
| Cyclivex | 400 mg | 70 | Pharmacare Limited, Woodmead | R442.25 |
| Austell Acyclovir 400mg | 400 mg | 70 | Austell Laboratories (Pty) Ltd | R442.33 |
DSPDispersible tablet · 5 products
from R91.78| Product | Strength | Pack | Applicant | Min price |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acitab-200 Dt | 200 mg | 25 | Cipla Medpro (Pty) Ltd | R91.78 |
| Lovire 200 Tablets | 200 mg | 25 | Ranbaxy Pharmaceuticals (Pty) Ltd | R98.36 |
| Lovire 400 Tablets | 400 mg | 70 | Ranbaxy Pharmaceuticals (Pty) Ltd | R376.58 |
| Acitab-400 Dt | 400 mg | 60 | Cipla Medpro (Pty) Ltd | R420.00 |
| Zovirax 200 | 200 mg | 25 | GlaxoSmithKline South Africa (Pty) Limited | R847.89 |
INFInfusion· 2 products
from R96.27| Product | Strength | Pack | Applicant | Min price |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acyclovir 25 mg/ml – 10 ml Vial Accord | 250 mg/10ml | 10 | Accord Healthcare (Pty) Ltd | R96.27 |
| Acyrax IV | 250 mg/10ml | 10 | Pharma Dynamics (Pty) Ltd | R547.24 |
INJInjection· 2 products
from R522.53| Product | Strength | Pack | Applicant | Min price |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aciclovir 250 Viatris | 250 mg/10ml | 10 | Viatris South Africa (Pty) Ltd | R522.53 |
| Zovirax IV | 250 mg/10ml | 10 | GlaxoSmithKline South Africa (Pty) Limited | R3237.05 |
POIPowder for injection· 1 product
from R609.50| Product | Strength | Pack | Applicant | Min price |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aspen Acyclovir 250mg | 250 mg/10ml | 10 | Pharmacare Limited, Woodmead | R609.50 |
SUSSuspension· 1 product
from R1190.60| Product | Strength | Pack | Applicant | Min price |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zovirax Suspension | 200 mg/5ml | 125 | GlaxoSmithKline South Africa (Pty) Limited | R1190.60 |
Medical aid coverage
data not yet integrated- Comprehensive Series—
- Executive Plan—
- KeyCare Series—
- Priority Series—
- Saver Series—
Formulary scraper pending — coverage tier, co-pay and authorisation requirements will appear here once data is ingested.
- BonClassic—
- BonComprehensive—
- BonEssential—
- BonFit Select—
- BonSave—
- BonStart—
Formulary scraper pending — coverage tier, co-pay and authorisation requirements will appear here once data is ingested.
- Beryl—
- Emerald—
- Onyx—
- Ruby—
- Sapphire—
- Tanzanite One—
Formulary scraper pending — coverage tier, co-pay and authorisation requirements will appear here once data is ingested.
- Aquarium Option—
- Efficiency Option—
- Marine Option—
Formulary scraper pending — coverage tier, co-pay and authorisation requirements will appear here once data is ingested.
Interacts with 7 known drugs
Check against other drugs →Cited in 37 documents
- GuidelinesAntimicrobial Medicines6×
- GuidelinesAcute Meningitis5×
- GuidelinesTreatment of More than One STI Syndrome5×
- GuidelinesVaricella (Chicken Pox)5×
- GuidelinesVaricella (Chicken Pox)5×
- GuidelinesInfection and drug dosages4×
- GuidelinesZoster (Shingles)4×
- GuidelinesReferences - Dermatology3×
- GuidelinesVaricella (Chickenpox), Complicated3×
- GuidelinesAtopic Eczema/Dermatitis2×
- GuidelinesChickenpox2×
- GuidelinesGuidance on Prescribing2×
- GuidelinesHerpes Gingivostomatitis2×
- GuidelinesHerpes Keratitis and Conjunctivitis2×
- GuidelinesHerpes Simplex2×
- GuidelinesHerpes simplex infections of the mouth and lips2×
- GuidelinesReferences - Eye Disorders2×
- GuidelinesVaginal Discharge2×
- GuidelinesZoster2×
- GuidelinesAcute Viral Laryngotracheobronchitis (Croup)
- GuidelinesCommon prescribed drug dosage for children
- GuidelinesEczema
- GuidelinesErythema Multiforme
- GuidelinesGenital Ulcer Syndrome (GUS)
- GuidelinesHerpes Simplex Ulcers, Chronic
- GuidelinesHerpes Zoster (Shingles)
- GuidelinesInfectious and Parasitic Conditions
- GuidelinesLaryngotracheobronchitis, Acute Viral (Croup)
- GuidelinesMeasles
- GuidelinesMeningo-Encephalitis/Encephalitis, Acute Viral
- GuidelinesPain, Chronic
- GuidelinesReferences - Alimentary Tract
- GuidelinesReferences - Eye Conditions
- GuidelinesReferences - Sexually Transmitted Infections
- GuidelinesReferences - Systemic and Healthcare-Associated Infections
- GuidelinesSexually Transmitted Infections
- GuidelinesShingles (Herpes Zoster)