Guidelines
194 entriesNDOH Standard Treatment Guidelines and clinical protocols
- Drug Review - InsulinDrug Review - InsulinOther→
- Drug Review - MetforminDrug Review - MetforminOther→
- Drug Review - PioglitazoneDrug Review - PioglitazoneOther→
- Drug Review - SGLT2 InhibitorsDrug review - SGLT2 InhibitorsOther→
- Drug Review - SulphonylureasSulphonylureasOther→
- Drug Summary - Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitors (Acarbose)Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitors (Acarbose)Other→
- Drug Summary - DPP-4 InhibitorsDrug Summary - DPP-4 InhibitorsOther→
- Drug Summary - GLP-1 Receptor AgonistsDrug summary - GLP-1 Receptor AgonistsOther→
- Drug Summary - SGLT2 InhibitorsDrug Summary - SGLT2 InhibitorsOther→
- Drug Summary – Gliclazide Modified-ReleaseDrug Summary – Gliclazide Modified-ReleaseOther→
- Drug Summary – MetforminDrug Summary – MetforminOther→
- Drug Summary – PioglitazoneDrug Summary – PioglitazoneOther→
- Drug and Allergic ReactionsIMCI - Skin problemsIMCI→
- Drug-Related AnaphylaxisICD-10 code: L88.6 See: Emergencies and Trauma, Anaphylaxis/Anaphylactic reactions. Standard Treatment Guidelines And Essential Medicines List For South Africa, Hospital Level, Paediatrics, 2023 Edition Chapter 25: Drug Allergies, 24.2 Immediate Hypersensitivity Reactions, 24.2.1 Drug-Related AnaphylaxisPEML (Paeds)→
- Drug-Related AngioedemaDescription General and Supportive Measures Medicine Treatment Referral ICD-10 code: T78.3 DESCRIPTION Local swelling of skin and/or mucosal tissue. May occur in isolation or together with urticaria or anaphylaxis. It must be distinguished from recurrent non-pruritic angioedema which has a hereditary component and does not respond to the treatment below. Complement C4 and C1 esterase inhibiPEML (Paeds)→
- Drug-Related UrticariaICD-10 code: L50.9 See: Dermatology, Urticaria . Standard Treatment Guidelines And Essential Medicines List For South Africa, Hospital Level, Paediatrics, 2023 Edition Chapter 25: Drug Allergies, 24.2 Immediate Hypersensitivity Reactions, 24.2.2 Drug-Related UrticariaPEML (Paeds)→
- Drug-Resistant TBStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR TB)TB, HIV and AIDSPrimary Care→
- Drugs and Novel TherapiesWarfarin (Vitamin K antagonist) Novel oral anticoagulants Antiplatelet drugs Consensus Grade 18.1 TXA should be administered empirically in critically ill patients with severe trauma within 3 hours of the injury. Yes A 18.2 The dose of TXA in severe trauma is 1g stat and then 1g over 8 hours. Yes A 18.3 TXA should be administered empirically in bleeding obstetric patients. Yes B 18.4 The dOther→
- Drugs used in Procedural Sedation & AnalgesiaTo access the PDF version of the guidelines on drugs used in procedural sedation and analgesia as outlined in the "SASA paediatric guidelines for the safe use of procedural sedation and analgesia for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in children: 2021–2026," please click on the link provided below: Drugs used in procedural sedation and analgesia SASA Paediatric Guidelines for the Safe use ofOther→
- Dry Eye DiseaseStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- Dry SkinDry SkinPrimary Care→
- Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD)Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD)PEML (Paeds)→
- During rt-PA (Alteplase) Standing OrderClick on the image to enlarge. Click here for the pdf . Angels Initiative South Africa _ Registered Nurse rtPA Treatment Pack_2024Other→
- DysenteryDescription Diagnostic criteria General and supportive measures Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 code: A03.9 DESCRIPTION Passage of blood and mucus in the stools. Shigella infection is the most common serious cause in children in South Africa. Complications include: dehydration, convulsions, shock, toxic megacolon, acidosis, rectal prolapse, renal failure, haemolytic uraemic syndrome. DIAPEML (Paeds)→
- DysenteryDescription General Measures Referral ICD-10 code: A06.0 DESCRIPTION Dysentery, or diarrhoeal stool with blood or mucus, is usually due to bacteria. Commonly encountered infectious conditions include Shigella, Salmonella, E. Coli, Entamoeba histolytica and Campylobacter . GENERAL MEASURES Treat initial presentations as bacillary dysentery (See: Dysentery, bacillary ). If there is no clinical respPrimary Care→
- Dysentery (Acute Inflammatory Diarrhoea)Description General Measures Medicine Treatment Referral ICD-10 code: A02.0/A02.9/A03.0-3/A03.8-9/A04.2/A04.5/A04.8-9 DESCRIPTION Diarrhoea with neutrophils, blood and/or mucus. GENERAL MEASURES Rehydration is the cornerstone of management. This should be done with oral rehydration solution (ORS) unless the patient is vomiting or profoundly dehydrated. Perform a stool culture. MEDICINE TREATMENTEML (Adult)→
- Dysentery - Follow-UpIMCI - Child (Age 2 months up to 5 years)IMCI→
- Dysentery, BacillaryDescription General Measures Medicine Treatment Referral ICD-10 code: A02.0/A02.9/A03.0-3/A03.8-9/A04.2-3/A04.5/A04.8-9 DESCRIPTION Acute infection of the bowel usually caused by Shigella, Salmonella or Campylobacter. There is sudden onset diarrhoea with: blood (not due to haemorrhoids or anal fissure) or mucous in the stools. convulsions (in children). fever. tenesmus. GENERAL MEASURES Prevent sPrimary Care→
- Dysentery, BacillarySee: Gastrointestinal conditions. Click here to access the pdf . Standard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Primary Healthcare, 2020-2024_Version 1.1_20 January 2025 Chapter 10: Infections and Related Conditions_10.4 Dysentery, BacillaryPrimary Care→
- Dysfunctional BladderDescription Diagnostic criteria General and supportive measures Referral ICD-10 code: N31 DESCRIPTION Abnormalities of filling or emptying of the bladder, i.e. underactive or overactive bladder. Aetiology may be neurogenic, anatomical or functional. DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA Clinical features include: Daytime frequency Incontinence Urgency Nocturia Hesitancy Straining Weak stream Dysuria HoldingPEML (Paeds)→
- DyslipidaemiaICD-10 code: E78.9 See: Dyslipidaemia Standard Treatment Guidelines And Essential Medicines List For South Africa, Hospital Level, Paediatrics, 2023 Edition Chapter 4: Cardiovascular System , 4.10 DyslipidaemiaPEML (Paeds)→
- DyslipidaemiaDyslipidaemia (E78.9)PEML (Paeds)→
- DyslipidaemiaStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- Dyslipidaemia in DiabetesCardiovascular Risk in DiabetesPrimary Care→
- DysmenorrhoeaDescription General measures Medicine treatment Referral N94.4-6 DESCRIPTION Pain associated with menstrual cycles. In primary dysmenorrhoea there is no known cause. Secondary dysmenorrhoea usually has an organic cause. GENERAL MEASURES Advise and reassure women with primary dysmenorrhoea about the nature of the condition. Encourage patient to carry on with normal everyday activities. MEDICINE TRPrimary Care→
- DysmenorrhoeaDescription General measures Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 code: N94.4-6 DESCRIPTION Lower abdominal pain that starts with the onset of menstruation and subsides after menses have ended. This may be associated with headaches, nausea, and vomiting. It may be primary or secondary. Primary dysmenorrhoea is menstrual pain without organic disease. Secondary dysmenorrhoea is associated with identiEML (Adult)→
- Dysnatraemias In ICURapid changes in serum sodium are more likely to be symptomatic. Slow changes should be corrected slowly: Hypernatremia – risk of cerebral oedema. Hyponatremia – risk of central pontine myelinolysis. Hyponatraemia Defined as serum Na < 135 mmol/L Disorder of water balance, excess total body water relative to electrolytes. Caused by increased renal water reabsorption in response to ADH, along wPEML (Paeds)→
- Dyspepsia, Heartburn and Indigestion, in AdultsDescription General Measures Medicine Treatment Referral ICD-10 code: K30/R12 DESCRIPTION Dyspepsia, heartburn and indigestion are common conditions and may be caused by gastro-oesophageal reflux or gastroduodenal pathology. These conditions often present with epigastric discomfort and minimal change in bowel habits. Intermittent indigestion, heartburn or dyspepsia may be associated with: use ofPrimary Care→
- DysphagiaAn approach to symptom management to guide decision-making in the management of patients with life-threatening illnessOther→
- DyspnoeaRespiratory ConditionsPrimary Care→
- Dyspnoea - Paediatric Palliative CareDescription General and supportive measures Medicine treatment ICD-10 code: R06.0 DESCRIPTION A subjective feeling of breathlessness, when breathing becomes unpleasant, difficult and tiresome. GENERAL AND SUPPORTIVE MEASURES Find the position in which the patient is most comfortable: upright, semifowlers or prone. In patients with large effusions: position with the bad lung down to allow foPEML (Paeds)→
- DystoniaAn approach to symptom management to guide decision-making in the management of patients with life-threatening illnessOther→
- Dystonia/ Muscle Spasms/ Spasticity - Paediatric Palliative CareDescription General and supportive treatment Medication and treatment Referral DESCRIPTION Dystonia A movement disorder caused by diseases of the basal ganglia, in which involuntary sustained or intermittent muscle contractions cause twisting and repetitive movements as well as abnormal posturing that is often painful. Dystonia can be a primary disorder (e.g. brain tumours, metabolic conditions,PEML (Paeds)→