Guidelines
102 entriesSpeciality / institutional guidelines
- ReferencesSokka T, Kautiainen H, Pincus T, et al. Work disability remains a major problem in rheumatoid arthritis in the 2000s: Data from 32 countries in the QUEST-RA study. Arthritis Res Ther 2010;12(2):R42. https://doi.org/10.1186/ar2951 Bombardier C, Barbieri M, Parthan A, et al. The relationship between joint damage and functional disability in rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review. Ann Rheum Dis 2→
- ReferencesSepúlveda C, Marlin A, Yoshida T, Ullrich A. Palliative care: the World Health Organization's global perspective. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2002; 24(2):91-96. South African National Department of Health (2017). National Health Insurance for South Africa. Towards universal health coverage. Government Gazette No. 40955, 30 June 2017. World Health Organization. Health Financing. https://www.who.int/ he→
- ReferencesProft F, Poddubnyy D. Ankylosing spondylitis and axial spondyloarthritis: Recent insights and impact of new classification criteria. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2018;10(5-6):129-139. https://doi. org/10.1177/1759720X18773726 Moll JM, Wright V. Psoriatic arthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 1973;3(1):55-78. https://doi. org/10.1016/0049-0172(73)90035-8 Gelfand JM, Weinstein R, Porter SB, Neimann AL, Be→
- References1. Haase VH. Hypoxia-inducible factor-prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors in the treatment of anaemia of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int Suppl 2021;11(1):8-25 doi10.1016/j.kisu.2020.12.002 2. Singh AK, Carroll K, McMurray JJV Solomon S, Jha V, Johansen KL, et al. Daprodustat for the treatment of anemia in patients not undergoing dialysis. New Eng J Med 2021;385(25):2313-2324 doi 10.1056/NEJMoa211338→
- ReferencesSchwartzman S, Ruderman EM. A road map of the axial spondyloarthritis continuum. Mayo Clinic Proceed 2022;97(1):134-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2021.08.007 Slimani S, Hamdi W, Nassar K, Kalla AA. Spondyloarthritis in North Africa: An update. Clin Rheumatol 2021;40:3401-3410. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-021-05630-w Tikly M, Njobvu P, McGill P. Spondyloarthritis in sub-Saharan Africa.→
- References1. Hébert PC, Wells G, Blajchman MA, et al. A multicenter, randomised, controlled clinical trial of transfusion requirements in critical care. N Engl J Med 1999;340(6):409-417. https://doi. org/10.1056/nejm199902113400601 2. Holst LB, Haase N, Wetterslev J, et al. Lower versus higher hemoglobin threshold for transfusion in septic shock. N Engl J Med 2014;371(15):1381-1391. https://doi.org/10.1056→
- References1. World Health Organization. Clinical criteria for the determination of death, WHO technical expert consultation, WHO Headquarters, Geneva, Switzerland, 22 - 23 September 2014. Geneva: WHO; 2017. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/254737/WHO-HIS-SDS-2017.5-eng.pdf;jsessionid=D BBFDE5645ED697AEA0D373772F54BDF?sequence=1 (accessed 4 August 2020). 2. Wijdicks EF, Varelas PN, Gronseth→
- References1. Marshall JC, Bosco L, Adhikari NK, et al. What is an intensive care unit? A report of the task force of the World Federation of Societies of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine. J Crit Care 2017;37:270-276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2016.07.015 2. Fowler RA, Adhikari NK, Bhagwanjee S. Clinical review: Critical care in the global context – disparities in burden of illness, access, and eco→
- References1. Adhikari NK, Fowler RA, Bhagwanjee S, Rubenfeld GD. Critical care and the global burden of critical illness in adults. Lancet (London, England). 2010;376(9749):1339-46. 2. Naidoo K, Singh J, Lalloo UJSAMJ. Critical analysis of ICU/HC beds in South Africa: 2008-2009. 2013;103(10):751-3. 3. Bhagwanjee S, Scribante JJSAMJ. National audit of critical care resources in South Africa-unit and bed dis→
- ReferencesSung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin 2021;71(3):209-249. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.216602. Marima R, Mbeje M, Hull R, Demetriou D, Mtshali N, Dlamini Z. Prostate cancer disparities and management in southern Africa: Insights into practices, norms and values. C→
- ReferencesCrichton A. An inquiry into the nature and origin of mental derangement: Comprehending a concise system of the physiology and pathology of the human mind and a history of the passions and their effects. London: T. Cadell and W. Davies; 1798. Goldstein S. Managing attention and learning disorders in late adolescence and adulthood. New York, NY: Wiley; 1997. Thomas R, Sanders S, Doust J, Beller E,→
- ReferencesReferences→
- References1. Coccolini F, Moore EE, Kluger Y et al. Kidney and uro-trauma: WSESAAST guidelines. World J Emerg Surg 2019; 14: 54 2. Morey AF, Broghammer JA, Hollowell CMP, McKibben MJ, Souter L. Urotrauma Guideline 2020: AUA Guideline. J Urol 2021; 205: 30–5 3. Radmayr C, Bogaert G, Burgu B et al. EAU Guidelines on Paediatric Urology – Limited Update March 2022. The Netherlands: Anheim, 2022 4. Figler B, Ed→
- ReferencesRainbow Clinic for Abused Children, April 2020→
- References[1] Gandhi NR, Brust JCM, Sarita Shah N. A new era for treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis. European Respiratory Journal 2018;52. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01350-2018. [2] Ndjeka N, Schnippel K, Master I, Meintjes G, Maartens G, Romero R, et al. High treatment success rate for multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis using a bedaquiline-containing treatment regi→
- References - Acute PainAmin FM, Asghar MS, Hougaard A, et al. Magnetic resonance angiography of intracranial and extracranial arteries in patients with spontaneous migraine without aura: a cross-sectional study. Lancet Neurol. 2013;12(5):454-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S1474-4422(13)70067-X. Amrein R, Hetzel W, Bonetti EP, Gerecke M. Clinical pharmacology of dormicum (midazolam) and anexate (flumazenil). Resuscitation→
- References - NICD InfluenzaReferences - NICD Influenza Cohen C, Moyes J, Tempia S, Groome M, Walaza S, Pretorius M, et al. Mortality amongst Patients with Influenza-Associated Severe Acute Respiratory Illness, South Africa, 2009-2013. PloS one 2015; 10(3):e0118884. Nair H, Brooks WA, Katz M, Roca A, Berkley JA, Madhi SA, et al. Global burden of respiratory infections due to seasonal influenza in young children: a systemati→
- References - Perioperative Patient Blood Management1. Phatlhane DV, Zemlin AE, Matsha TE, et al. The iron status of a healthy South African adult population. Clin Chim Acta. 2016;460:240-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2016.06.019 . 2. Marsicano D, Hauser N, Roodt F, et al. Preoperative anaemia and clinical outcomes in the South African Surgical Outcomes Study. S Afr Med J. 2018;108(10):839-46. https://doi.org/10.7196/SAMJ.2018.v108i10.13148 . 3→
- References - Preoperative EvaluationReferences 1. Fleisher L, Fleischmann K, Auerbach A, Barnason S, Beckman J, Bozkurt B et al. 2014 ACC/AHA Guideline on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Management of Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery 2. Kristensen SD, Knuuti J, Saraste A, et al. 2014 ESC/ESA Guidelines on non-cardiac surgery: cardiovascular assessment and management: The Joint Task Force on non-cardiac→
- References - SATS AsthmaGlobal Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention. 2021. www.ginasthma.org (accessed 19 August 2021). Louw SJ, Bateman ED, Plit M, Joubert J. Guidelines for the management of asthma in adults in South Africa. Part I. Chronic persistent asthma. Statement by a working group of the South African Pulmonology Society. S Afr Med J 1992;81(6):319-322. Lalloo UG, Bateman→
- References: ArthroplastyKakar PN, Roy PM, Pant V, Das J. Anesthesia for joint replacement surgery: Issues with coexisting diseases. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2011;27(3):315-22. doi:10.4103/0970-9185.83673 Pabinger C, Geissler A. Utilization rates of hip arthroplasty in OECD countries. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2014;22(6):734-41. doi:10.1016/j.joca.2014.04.009 Anger M, Valovska T, Beloeil H, Lirk P, Joshi GP, Van de→
- References: Infection Control and Prevention1. Smith CM. Origin and uses of primum non nocere: above all, do no harm! J Clin Pharmacol. 2005;45(4):371-7. https://doi.org/10.1177/0091270004273680. 2. Brink A, Feldman C, Duse A, et al. Guideline for the management of nosocomial infections in South Africa. S Afr J Epidemiol Infect. 2006;21(3):152-60. https:// doi.org/10.1080/10158782.2006.11441269. 3. Recommendations for infection control for→
- References: South African Society of Anaesthesiologists (SASA) - Practice GuidelinesOrganisation of anaeasthesia services Anaesthesia equipment and anaesthetising facilities The preanaesthesia period The anaesthetic period: Records The postanaesthesia period Anaesthesia outside a hospital setting Appendix A: Governance Appendix F: Position statements Organisation of anaeasthesia services Afonso MA, Cadwell JB, Staffa SJ, Zurakowksi D, Vinson AE. Burnout rate and risk factors amo→
- Referral for ERCP with Gallstone DiseaseSurgical Emergencies - Referral for ERCP with Gallstone Disease→
- Referral of Cases to Forensic Pathology ServicesReferral of cases to Forensic Pathology Services→
- Referral of Deceased Patients for Potential Corneal DonationReferral of Deceased Patients for Potential Corneal Donation→
- Regional AnaesthesiaSee: SASRA guidelines Click here for the full pdf South African Society of Anaesthesiologists (SASA) Practice Guidelines_2022→
- Relapsed Psychotic PatientRelapsed Psychotic Patient→
- Renal Dose Adjustments in AdultsDrug dosing for children with renal impairment should be discussed with experienced clinicians. The table below refers to adults. Drug Recommended dose and frequency for adults with creatinine clearance <30 ml/min or for patients receiving haemodialysis (unless otherwise indicated dose after dialysis) Bedaquiline No dosage adjustment is required in patients with mild to moderate renal impairme→
- Renally Adjusted Dosing of Amikacin in AdultsThe current recommended empiric antibiotic choices and empiric durations for suspected bacterial infections at CHBAH, based on consensus agreement between Infectious Diseases (ID), Microbiology and specialties after review of our 2018 antibiogram data, is as follows until directed therapy is possible.→
- Renally Adjusted Dosing of Vancomycin in AdultsThe current recommended empiric antibiotic choices and empiric durations for suspected bacterial infections at CHBAH, based on consensus agreement between Infectious Diseases (ID), Microbiology and specialties after review of our 2018 antibiogram data, is as follows until directed therapy is possible.→
- Reporting SystemsDistrict level hospital guidelines applicable for interns and comm service doctors. Published in 2016→
- Rescue (XDR-TB) regimensIntroductory remarks Special considerations for persons on long regimens Introductory remarks Clients with RR-TB and suspected or confirmed resistance to linezolid, clofazimine, bedaquiline and pretomanid/delamanid need to be given a rescue regimen. All persons requiring treatment with a rescue regimen should have a specimen or sample sent for EDST. While awaiting the results of that DST, an empi→
- Research Approval ProcessDistrict level hospital guidelines applicable for interns and comm service doctors. Published in 2016→
- ResourcesRainbow Clinic for Abused Children, April 2020→
- Respiratory SystemTiotropium, Glycopyrronium Montelukast ATC Code R03BB04/R03BB06 Medicine Long acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA): Tiotropium, Glycopyrronium Indication Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) NEMLC Recommendation Not Approved Review Indicators Price Date Ratified 14 December 2017 ATC Code R03DC03 Medicine Montelukast Indication Chronic management of severe uncontrolled asthma→
- Response to TreatmentVisual analogue scales (VAS) (visual aids 100 mm long with descriptors of severity on opposite ends) or AR control tests are increasingly used to evaluate control and treatment response, to detect adverse effects and to gauge the need for treatment adjustment in a reproducible manner. 72 Tests of control should be validated and quick and easy to perform in routine clinical practice. 73 Validated→
- ResultsThe results of the search are summarised in Fig. 1. The electronic search of the two databases yielded a total of 126 articles after duplicates were removed. A total of 78 unrelated articles were removed after title review. After abstract review and article screening, a further 41 articles were excluded (33 review articles, six reviews-of-guidelines type articles, and three articles that were gui→
- Results What is the status and capacity of ICU services in SA, including the public and private medical sectors? Are patients who could benefit from intensive care refused ICU admission because of a lack of beds/ facilities, in both the public and private sectors? Are ICU ‘substitutes’ (e.g. high-dependency unit (HDU), ward ventilation), which may not provide an equivalent level of care, acceptabl→
- Resuscitation ProtocolSee resuscitation manual for more detail. See the resuscitation algorithm ( appendix ) and formulary for doses of resuscitation drugs. Virtually all babies should be offered resuscitation at birth; exceptions would include BW < 500g, previously diagnosed severe congenital abnormalities, macerated stillborns and neonates in which no fetal heart rate was detectable in the last hour p→
- Retinopathy of Prematurity ScreeningRetinopathy of Prematurity Screening→
- Rhesus IncompatibilityThe guidelines recommend management of common obstetric conditions at primary and referral level, based on local experience and evidence-based practice. They are not intended as strict protocols nor as standard operating procedures, but rather as a guide to safe effective management of common obstetric problems. The guidelines should be most useful to interns, medical officers and registrars.→
- RicketsRickets→
- Risk Assessment and Management of Exposure of Health Care Workers in the Context of COVID-19Version 19 March 2020→
- Roles of the PCACs and NCACEach province should have a provincial clinical advisory committee (PCAC), or similar arrangement, through which formal input can be sought on the management of persons with RR-TB [11] . The PCACs can be consulted at any time, and they should provide input on the management of patients in the following situations: Initial regimen choice in more complicated patients (i.e. those in whom a choice be→
- Routes of Administration for MedicationsNational Neonatal Resuscitation Guidelines→
- Routes of Systemic Drug Administration: Enteral and ParenteralEnteral administration Parenteral administration Bibliography Analgesia prescriptions should be individualised based on actual or expected pain severity, patient characteristics and available resources. Attention must be paid to both the effectiveness and the adverse effects of analgesic agents. Monitoring will be directed by the drug class and route of administration. Analgesics should be prescr→
- Routine HIV VL Monitoring on ARTA dispensing cycle is defined as the number of days for which a client would have treatment if a single standard “monthly” quantity of tablets was dispensed. The term ‘dispensing cycle (DC)’ is preferred to the previously used term ‘month’ due to the potential discrepancy that may arise between the days of treatment dispensed (if 28 day pack sizes are used) and the days in a month (on average, 30→
- Routine Monitoring of the First Stage of LabourThe guidelines recommend management of common obstetric conditions at primary and referral level, based on local experience and evidence-based practice. They are not intended as strict protocols nor as standard operating procedures, but rather as a guide to safe effective management of common obstetric problems. The guidelines should be most useful to interns, medical officers and registrars.→
- rt-PA (Alteplase) Dosing ChartClick on the image to enlarge. Click here for the pdf Angels Initiative South Africa _ Registered Nurse rtPA Treatment Pack_2024→