Guidelines
1,823 entriesSpeciality / institutional guidelines
- Neonatal SeizuresNeonatal Seizures→
- Neonate with Respiratory DistressNeonate with Respiratory Distress→
- Neopuff UseManagement guidelines for students, interns and registrars on a variety of routine and emergency situations in our neonatal service at Tygerberg Children’s Hospital. Published in 2014.→
- Nephrotic SyndromeNephrotic Syndrome→
- Nephrotic Syndrome (NS) in ChildrenApproach to nephrotic syndrome in children→
- Nervous SystemVigabatrin Topiramate Levetiracetam Gabapentin, Pregabalin Ropinarole, Pramipexole, Bromocriptine Olanzapine, IM Quetiapine Risperidone long acting injection Amisulpride Aripiprazole Alprazolam Zopiclone, Zolpidem Dexmedetomidine Mirtazapine Bupropion Venlafaxine Memantine ATC Code N03AG04 Medicine Vigabatrin Indication Refractory partial epilepsy NEMLC Recommendation Not Approved Review I→
- NeurocysticercosisNeurocysticercosis→
- Neurologic DisordersPerinatal asphyxia Therapeutic Hypothermia Seizures Sub-aponeurotic haemorrhage (SAH) Perinatal asphyxia The biggest concern is hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) or neonatal encephalopathy. Sometimes the baby is obviously encephalopathic from birth, with prolonged low Apgar’s, delayed onset of breathing, seizures, abnormal posturing etc. Sometimes the features develop more subtly. Any newbor→
- Neuropathic PainAn approach to symptom management to guide decision-making in the management of patients with life-threatening illness→
- Neuropathy AssessmentNeuropathy Assessment→
- Neutral Environmental Temperature For NewbornsManagement guidelines for students, interns and registrars on a variety of routine and emergency situations in our neonatal service at Tygerberg Children’s Hospital. Published in 2014.→
- Neutropaenic SepsisAn approach to symptom management to guide decision-making in the management of patients with life-threatening illness→
- New Guidelines for the Use of Insulin Infusion Pumps in South AfricaNew Guidelines for the Use of Insulin Infusion Pumps in South Africa→
- New in 2023 ART Clinical GuidelineClick on the image to enlarge Click here to open the above PDF 2023 ART Clinical Guidelines for the Management of HIV in Adults, Pregnancy and Breastfeeding, Adolescents, Children, Infants and Neonates June 2023 Version 4 Upload date: 28/07/2023→
- Newborn Resuscitation AlgorithmNewborn Resuscitation Algorithm→
- Newborn Resuscitation AlgorithmNewborn Resuscitation Algorithm→
- Non-Pharmaceutical Therapies for EnuresisAlternative treatment / complementary therapies Urotherapy Alarm therapy Pelvic floor muscle training Biofeedback Alternative Treatment / Complementary Therapies Minimal advances in this area have been observed. No efficient or direct comparative data are available for any alternative therapies. There are no measurable outcomes data or placebo-controlled data available. Various forms of acupunctu→
- Non-Pharmacological Pain Techniques: AdultsPhysical interventions Psychological interventions Other interventions Conclusion Non-pharmacological pain techniques refer to interventions that do not involve the use of medication to treat pain. These techniques may be used as an adjunct to pharmacotherapy and are usually not used in isolation. The goals of non-pharmacological techniques are to decrease fear, distress and anxiety,&n→
- Non-Pharmacological Pain Techniques: PaediatricsPain management Preparation One Voice Language Positions of comfort Coping strategies Pain management It is imperative that effective pain management is standardised for all paediatric patients. Even minor painful events or procedures, such as needle pricks, can affect children’s longterm emotional wellbeing. Timely administration of pain management techniques can affect the paediatric patient’s→
- Non-Respiratory Manifestations of COVID-19Part one and two→
- Nonopioid Analgesics and Co-AnalgesicsGeneral principles and management of cancer pain in adults→
- Normal Blood Values NeonateManagement guidelines for students, interns and registrars on a variety of routine and emergency situations in our neonatal service at Tygerberg Children’s Hospital. Published in 2014.→
- Normal CSF – Values In The NeonateManagement guidelines for students, interns and registrars on a variety of routine and emergency situations in our neonatal service at Tygerberg Children’s Hospital. Published in 2014.→
- Normal ECG values for childrenNormal ECG values for children→
- Normal vital signs according to ageNormal vital signs according to age→
- Notice 14 March 2025: Supply Constraints with Docetaxel 200mg/ml Injection 1ml for Oncology Treatment and Interim Therapeutic AlternativesThe Tertiary and Quaternary Essential Medicines List (EML) currently recommends the use of a taxanes (paclitaxel or docetaxel) for the management of various cancers including breast, prostate and lung. Docetaxel 20mg/ml, 1ml injection, which is on National Contract from Accord Healthcare (Pty) Ltd, is currently unavailable. The docetaxel 20mg injection, will only be available at the end of April→
- Notice 23 April 2026: Publication of the NEMLC Approved Updates to the Primary Healthcare (PHC) and Adult Hospital Level (AHL) Chapters for the Standard Treatment Guidelines (STGs) and Essential Medicines List (EML): 2025 - 2029 Review CycleIn the document below, is a list of the recently published 2026 chapter updates to previous editions of the PHC and AHL STGs and EML. Updates to chapters and supporting technical documents (medicine reviews, costing reports, NEMLC reports, implementation slides for PHC level) for the 2025 - 2029 review cycle are uploaded onto the National Health Insurance (NHI) webpage following finalisation for→
- Notifiable medical conditions - Referral flowchartNotifiable medical conditions - Referral flowchart→
- Obesity in PregnancyObesity in Pregnancy→
- Objectives of Antenatal CareThe guidelines recommend management of common obstetric conditions at primary and referral level, based on local experience and evidence-based practice. They are not intended as strict protocols nor as standard operating procedures, but rather as a guide to safe effective management of common obstetric problems. The guidelines should be most useful to interns, medical officers and registrars.→
- Obstetric EmergenciesObstetric Emergencies→
- Obstetric TerminologyThe guidelines recommend management of common obstetric conditions at primary and referral level, based on local experience and evidence-based practice. They are not intended as strict protocols nor as standard operating procedures, but rather as a guide to safe effective management of common obstetric problems. The guidelines should be most useful to interns, medical officers and registrars.→
- Open FracturesOpen Fractures→
- Opioid AnalgesicsGeneral principles and management of cancer pain in adults→
- Opioid Minimisation for Acute Pain ManagementPrescription opioid addiction and overdose Postoperative opioid respiratory depression Interventions to reduce opioid requirements following general anaesthesia Opioid-free analgesia Conclusion For at least 10 000 years, opiates derived from the opium poppy were the only reliable analgesics used by humans. During the twentieth century, synthetic opioids were increasingly used, particularly i→
- Opioid PharmacologyThis guideline is endorsed by the following professional groups: Cape Pelvic Pain Society, PainSA, South African Rheumatism and Arthritis Association, and South African Society of Anaesthesiologists.→
- Opioid ToleranceAlso see opioid tolerance in the ICU – Intensive Care Unit Opioid tolerance is a common cause for the failure of opioid analgesia. Exposure to an opioid, particularly as the sole analgesic, gives rise to pharmacodynamic tolerance (loss of activity, not due to faster drug clearance but to decreased analgesic effect). Tolerance develops to the adverse effects of opioids, namely sedation, hypoventil→
- Oral Amoxicillin-Clavulanate Dosing Guidance for Children >3 Months with Normal Renal FunctionKEY POINTS TO REMEMBER - Oral amoxicillin-clavulanate exists in various formulations of varying amoxicillin-to-clavulanate ratios (liquid – 14:1 & 4:1; tablet – 7:1) - Medication errors may occur if the different formulations are not considered. - Look up the amoxicillin dose in the tables below against the patient’s weight for the various formulations, given the specific indic→
- Orbital CellulitisOrbital Cellulitis→
- Ordering Group and Screen (G+S) Pre-operativelyOrdering Group and Screen (G+S) Pre-operatively→
- Ordering and Administration of BloodSANBS Clinical Guideline, 6th Edition, 2023→
- Organisation of Anaesthesia Services: Anaesthesia Support PersonnelNursing staff Management, supervision and organisation of anaesthesia services Anaesthetic nurses/assistants Recovery room nurses Conclusion and recommendations regarding anaesthesia support personnel The availability of competent assistance to the anaesthesiologist/ anaesthetist/anaesthesia provider (hereafter called anaesthesiologist) by an anaesthetic/anaesthesia assistant, i.e., a dedicated a→
- Organisation of Anaesthesia Services: Duties of an Anaesthesia ProviderOrganisation of anaesthesia services Duties of an anaesthesia provider Anaesthesia providers Organisation of anaesthesia services In medicine, including anaesthesia, teamwork is emphasised. A proposed ideal surgical team would include: Surgeons Surgeon assistants Anaesthesiologists Anaesthesia assistants Nursing personnel (including a scrub nurse and floor nurse) Clinical technicians Clinical ana→
- Organisation of Anaesthesia Services: Guidelines on Professional Health and WellbeingIntroduction Personal responsibilities of the anaesthesia provider Institutional responsibilities Recommendations Responsibilities toward healthcare workers, trainees and colleagues Legal responsibilities Introduction Many factors can contribute to the provider’s inability to function at their highest performance level, which ultimately impacts patient safety. These include work-related factors,→
- Organisation of Anaesthesia Services: Hours of Work Background Recommendations Categories of staff and level of hospital Staff-to-workload ratios Background The basis for consideration of working hours in anaesthesia care is the need for clinical services to be provided 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. This necessitates a shift system with regular and after-hours work, as well as work on weekends and public holidays. For clinical platfor→
- Organisation of Anaesthesia Services: Peer ReviewClinical governance is defined as a system through which health services are responsible and accountable for: continuously improving services, safeguarding high standards of care, and ensuring the best clinical outcomes for patient care. The system of governance includes the following aspects of clinical risk management: Mortality and morbidity reviews. Adverse events and near-misses reporting an→
- Organisation of Anaesthesia Services: Training and AccreditationBackground Education and training Diploma in Anaesthetics Fellowship training for the specialist anaesthesiologist Sub-speciality training: critical care General training Background Education and training of anaesthesia care providers in South Africa needs to take cognisance of the social setting within which such practice occurs, making them sensitive to both the system and individual needs. Suc→
- Organisation of Diabetes CareOrganisation of Diabetes Care→
- Organisation of ServicesPatient Flow (Adapted from the policy framework on MDR-TB treatment) Most of the RR-TB care and services should be provided in the outpatient setting according to the National decentralization plan which aligned with our policy framework on decentralized and deinstitutionalized management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis [10] . Children do not need to be treated by central sites and can→
- Organophosphate PoisoningOrganophosphate poisoning→