Guidelines
1,823 entriesSpeciality / institutional guidelines
- ReferencesThese are the approved guidelines published by the South African Society of Psychiatrists to provide an overview on treatment and management of commonly diagnosed psychiatric illnesses. The guidelines include consensus recommendations, based on peer contribution and using the international evidence based guidelines that are suitable for the local South African health service.→
- References - Acute PainAmin FM, Asghar MS, Hougaard A, et al. Magnetic resonance angiography of intracranial and extracranial arteries in patients with spontaneous migraine without aura: a cross-sectional study. Lancet Neurol. 2013;12(5):454-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S1474-4422(13)70067-X. Amrein R, Hetzel W, Bonetti EP, Gerecke M. Clinical pharmacology of dormicum (midazolam) and anexate (flumazenil). Resuscitation→
- References - NICD InfluenzaReferences - NICD Influenza Cohen C, Moyes J, Tempia S, Groome M, Walaza S, Pretorius M, et al. Mortality amongst Patients with Influenza-Associated Severe Acute Respiratory Illness, South Africa, 2009-2013. PloS one 2015; 10(3):e0118884. Nair H, Brooks WA, Katz M, Roca A, Berkley JA, Madhi SA, et al. Global burden of respiratory infections due to seasonal influenza in young children: a systemati→
- References - Perioperative Patient Blood Management1. Phatlhane DV, Zemlin AE, Matsha TE, et al. The iron status of a healthy South African adult population. Clin Chim Acta. 2016;460:240-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2016.06.019 . 2. Marsicano D, Hauser N, Roodt F, et al. Preoperative anaemia and clinical outcomes in the South African Surgical Outcomes Study. S Afr Med J. 2018;108(10):839-46. https://doi.org/10.7196/SAMJ.2018.v108i10.13148 . 3→
- References - Preoperative EvaluationReferences 1. Fleisher L, Fleischmann K, Auerbach A, Barnason S, Beckman J, Bozkurt B et al. 2014 ACC/AHA Guideline on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Management of Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery 2. Kristensen SD, Knuuti J, Saraste A, et al. 2014 ESC/ESA Guidelines on non-cardiac surgery: cardiovascular assessment and management: The Joint Task Force on non-cardiac→
- References - SATS AsthmaGlobal Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention. 2021. www.ginasthma.org (accessed 19 August 2021). Louw SJ, Bateman ED, Plit M, Joubert J. Guidelines for the management of asthma in adults in South Africa. Part I. Chronic persistent asthma. Statement by a working group of the South African Pulmonology Society. S Afr Med J 1992;81(6):319-322. Lalloo UG, Bateman→
- References: ArthroplastyKakar PN, Roy PM, Pant V, Das J. Anesthesia for joint replacement surgery: Issues with coexisting diseases. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2011;27(3):315-22. doi:10.4103/0970-9185.83673 Pabinger C, Geissler A. Utilization rates of hip arthroplasty in OECD countries. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2014;22(6):734-41. doi:10.1016/j.joca.2014.04.009 Anger M, Valovska T, Beloeil H, Lirk P, Joshi GP, Van de→
- References: Infection Control and Prevention1. Smith CM. Origin and uses of primum non nocere: above all, do no harm! J Clin Pharmacol. 2005;45(4):371-7. https://doi.org/10.1177/0091270004273680. 2. Brink A, Feldman C, Duse A, et al. Guideline for the management of nosocomial infections in South Africa. S Afr J Epidemiol Infect. 2006;21(3):152-60. https:// doi.org/10.1080/10158782.2006.11441269. 3. Recommendations for infection control for→
- References: South African Society of Anaesthesiologists (SASA) - Practice GuidelinesOrganisation of anaeasthesia services Anaesthesia equipment and anaesthetising facilities The preanaesthesia period The anaesthetic period: Records The postanaesthesia period Anaesthesia outside a hospital setting Appendix A: Governance Appendix F: Position statements Organisation of anaeasthesia services Afonso MA, Cadwell JB, Staffa SJ, Zurakowksi D, Vinson AE. Burnout rate and risk factors amo→
- Referral for ERCP with Gallstone DiseaseSurgical Emergencies - Referral for ERCP with Gallstone Disease→
- Referral of Cases to Forensic Pathology ServicesReferral of cases to Forensic Pathology Services→
- Referral of Deceased Patients for Potential Corneal DonationReferral of Deceased Patients for Potential Corneal Donation→
- Regional AnaesthesiaSee: SASRA guidelines Click here for the full pdf South African Society of Anaesthesiologists (SASA) Practice Guidelines_2022→
- Relapsed Psychotic PatientRelapsed Psychotic Patient→
- Renal Dose Adjustments in AdultsDrug dosing for children with renal impairment should be discussed with experienced clinicians. The table below refers to adults. Drug Recommended dose and frequency for adults with creatinine clearance <30 ml/min or for patients receiving haemodialysis (unless otherwise indicated dose after dialysis) Bedaquiline No dosage adjustment is required in patients with mild to moderate renal impairme→
- Renally Adjusted Dosing of Amikacin in AdultsThe current recommended empiric antibiotic choices and empiric durations for suspected bacterial infections at CHBAH, based on consensus agreement between Infectious Diseases (ID), Microbiology and specialties after review of our 2018 antibiogram data, is as follows until directed therapy is possible.→
- Renally Adjusted Dosing of Vancomycin in AdultsThe current recommended empiric antibiotic choices and empiric durations for suspected bacterial infections at CHBAH, based on consensus agreement between Infectious Diseases (ID), Microbiology and specialties after review of our 2018 antibiogram data, is as follows until directed therapy is possible.→
- Reporting SystemsDistrict level hospital guidelines applicable for interns and comm service doctors. Published in 2016→
- Rescue (XDR-TB) regimensIntroductory remarks Special considerations for persons on long regimens Introductory remarks Clients with RR-TB and suspected or confirmed resistance to linezolid, clofazimine, bedaquiline and pretomanid/delamanid need to be given a rescue regimen. All persons requiring treatment with a rescue regimen should have a specimen or sample sent for EDST. While awaiting the results of that DST, an empi→
- Research Approval ProcessDistrict level hospital guidelines applicable for interns and comm service doctors. Published in 2016→
- ResourcesRainbow Clinic for Abused Children, April 2020→
- Respiratory SystemTiotropium, Glycopyrronium Montelukast ATC Code R03BB04/R03BB06 Medicine Long acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA): Tiotropium, Glycopyrronium Indication Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) NEMLC Recommendation Not Approved Review Indicators Price Date Ratified 14 December 2017 ATC Code R03DC03 Medicine Montelukast Indication Chronic management of severe uncontrolled asthma→
- Response to TreatmentVisual analogue scales (VAS) (visual aids 100 mm long with descriptors of severity on opposite ends) or AR control tests are increasingly used to evaluate control and treatment response, to detect adverse effects and to gauge the need for treatment adjustment in a reproducible manner. 72 Tests of control should be validated and quick and easy to perform in routine clinical practice. 73 Validated→
- ResultsThe results of the search are summarised in Fig. 1. The electronic search of the two databases yielded a total of 126 articles after duplicates were removed. A total of 78 unrelated articles were removed after title review. After abstract review and article screening, a further 41 articles were excluded (33 review articles, six reviews-of-guidelines type articles, and three articles that were gui→
- Results What is the status and capacity of ICU services in SA, including the public and private medical sectors? Are patients who could benefit from intensive care refused ICU admission because of a lack of beds/ facilities, in both the public and private sectors? Are ICU ‘substitutes’ (e.g. high-dependency unit (HDU), ward ventilation), which may not provide an equivalent level of care, acceptabl→
- Resuscitation ProtocolSee resuscitation manual for more detail. See the resuscitation algorithm ( appendix ) and formulary for doses of resuscitation drugs. Virtually all babies should be offered resuscitation at birth; exceptions would include BW < 500g, previously diagnosed severe congenital abnormalities, macerated stillborns and neonates in which no fetal heart rate was detectable in the last hour p→
- Retinopathy of Prematurity ScreeningRetinopathy of Prematurity Screening→
- Rhesus IncompatibilityThe guidelines recommend management of common obstetric conditions at primary and referral level, based on local experience and evidence-based practice. They are not intended as strict protocols nor as standard operating procedures, but rather as a guide to safe effective management of common obstetric problems. The guidelines should be most useful to interns, medical officers and registrars.→
- RicketsRickets→
- Risk Assessment and Management of Exposure of Health Care Workers in the Context of COVID-19Version 19 March 2020→
- Roles of the PCACs and NCACEach province should have a provincial clinical advisory committee (PCAC), or similar arrangement, through which formal input can be sought on the management of persons with RR-TB [11] . The PCACs can be consulted at any time, and they should provide input on the management of patients in the following situations: Initial regimen choice in more complicated patients (i.e. those in whom a choice be→
- Routes of Administration for MedicationsNational Neonatal Resuscitation Guidelines→
- Routes of Systemic Drug Administration: Enteral and ParenteralEnteral administration Parenteral administration Bibliography Analgesia prescriptions should be individualised based on actual or expected pain severity, patient characteristics and available resources. Attention must be paid to both the effectiveness and the adverse effects of analgesic agents. Monitoring will be directed by the drug class and route of administration. Analgesics should be prescr→
- Routine HIV VL Monitoring on ARTA dispensing cycle is defined as the number of days for which a client would have treatment if a single standard “monthly” quantity of tablets was dispensed. The term ‘dispensing cycle (DC)’ is preferred to the previously used term ‘month’ due to the potential discrepancy that may arise between the days of treatment dispensed (if 28 day pack sizes are used) and the days in a month (on average, 30→
- Routine Monitoring of the First Stage of LabourThe guidelines recommend management of common obstetric conditions at primary and referral level, based on local experience and evidence-based practice. They are not intended as strict protocols nor as standard operating procedures, but rather as a guide to safe effective management of common obstetric problems. The guidelines should be most useful to interns, medical officers and registrars.→
- SARAA Eligibility Criteria for b/tsDMARD Therapies for PsAPolyarthritis treated with at least two conventional DMARDs (maximal dosages, sequentially or in combination) with lack of improvement (50% of DAPSA) within 3 months or failure to achieve MDA within 6 months. Severe persistent oligoarthritis with a major demonstrable influence on wellbeing of the patient where treatment has failed, with at least two csDMARDs and appropriate intra-articu→
- SASA Endorsed Guidelines on Obstetrics and COVID-19Guidance documents released by SASA around COVID-19. Issued 12 March 2020.→
- SASA Endorsed PACSA Guidelines: Children and COVID-19Guidance documents released by SASA around COVID-19. Issued 25 March 2020.→
- SASA guidance breathing system filters for COVID-19 patientsPublished 30 March 2020→
- SIMPLE Pain and Bleeding in the Pregnant PatientSIMPLE pain and bleeding in the pregnant patient→
- SNOBS Standardised Nursing Observations for StrokeClick on the image to enlarge. Click here for the pdf . Angels Initiative South Africa _ Registered Nurse rtPA Treatment Pack_2024→
- SOP Guidance for Community PharmacyIndependent Community Pharmacy Association Guidelines. March 2020.→
- SOP for Preparedness, Detection and Response to a Coronavirus Outbreak in South AfricaThis document outlines the standard operating procedures for detection and response to case/s of suspected novel coronavirus disease (2019-nCoV) in South Africa. Published 30 January 2020.→
- Safe Injection and Drug Administration PracticesNeedles and syringes Preservative-free (single-dose) ampoules or vials Multi-dose vials Infusions, administration sets or items in contact with the vascular system or other sterile body compartments Non-injectable items Needles and syringes 9,18-20 Needles and syringes are sterile items, intended for singlepatient use only. A syringe and needle should be considered contaminated after contact with→
- Safe Sedation PracticeTo access the PDF version of the guidelines on safe sedation practice as outlined in the "SASA paediatric guidelines for the safe use of procedural sedation and analgesia for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in children: 2021–2026," please click on the link provided below: Safe Sedation Practice SASA Paediatric Guidelines for the Safe use of Procedural Sedation and Analgesia for Diagnostic a→
- Safety MonitoringHaematological Peripheral neuropathy Optic neuritis Haematological Anaemia in TB patients is common. It is often due to TB itself, a normocytic normochromic anaemia. Treating the TB treats the anaemia. There may be other contributing factors including nutritional deficiencies, blood loss from haemoptysis or other sources and HIV co-infection. TB patients are vulnerable to drops in Hb and may deco→
- SalicylatesSalicylates→
- Scope and PurposeThe aim of this guideline is to improve the practice of critical care in SA by providing clear blood management guidelines to be utilised in the care of critically ill patients in SA. The specific objectives of the guideline are: to provide current, evidence-based, context-specific blood management guidelines to be used in the treatment of critically ill patients in SA to improve clinical outcome→
- Screening and Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes and Intermediate HyperglycaemiaScreening and Diagnosis of type 2 Diabetes and Intermediate Hyperglycaemia→
- Screening for Chronic Kidney DiseaseChronic kidney disease is defined by the presence of a low GFR (<60 ml/min) and/or evidence of kidney damage (e.g. proteinuria, haematuria, imaging abnormalities) for more than 3 months. Individuals at increased risk for chronic kidney disease should be screened annually. These include individuals with the following: Diabetes mellitus HIV infection Hypertension Cardiovascular, cerebrovascular→