Guidelines
1,823 entriesSpeciality / institutional guidelines
- Emergency Department: Acute Cardiac PainAcute cardiac pain results from acute myocardial ischaemia and includes acute MI and unstable angina. Pain or discomfort is typically precordial, radiating or referred to the left arm and jaw, but patients may also experience pain in either arms, left shoulder, back, neck or stomach. This is accompanied by dyspnoea, sweating, stomach discomfort (indigestion or heartburn), nausea and vomiting→
- Emergency Department: Acute Musculoskeletal Pain and Acute Spinal PainMusculoskeletal injury may be present in any patient who has sustained other trauma, and it is managed according to the extent of injury and other injuries. In this section, focus will be on the musculoskeletal aspect alone. Patients presenting with spinal pain (neck, thoracic, lumbar or sacral) must be evaluated by taking a thorough systemic history followed by a clinical examination. Take note→
- Emergency Department: Discharge PrescriptionA patient should not receive a prescription for analgesics without a diagnosis. If a diagnosis is not clear, the patient must be referred for further evaluation as either an in- or outpatient. If the doctor is of the opinion that it is safe to discharge the patient, they must be advised on the symptoms to look for and instructed to return if necessary. A prescription consisting of paracetamol and→
- Emergency Department: Post-traumatic PainEverybody, including babies, children, fit athletes and the frail elderly, is vulnerable to trauma. Trauma patients do not only differ in age, but also with regards to the type of trauma, comorbid conditions and medications – including analgesics. These factors must be considered when treating their pain. Initial therapy for significant trauma pain is best achieved by the titration of IV opioids.→
- Emergency Department: Sports InjuriesPharmacotherapy of sports injury These are usually associated with musculoskeletal injury and pain and include skeletal injury (stress fractures, fractures, sprains, strains, joint dislocations, muscle haematomas, muscle rupture, etc.). These injuries may heal completely leaving no pain; others may be complicated by long-term morbidity, including dysfunction and chronic pain. Yet, the pain associ→
- Emergency FridgesSANBS Guideline - Updated August 2023→
- Emergency Management of Adult and Child AnaphylaxisEmergency Management of Adult and Child Anaphylaxis→
- Emergency Management of Organophosphate/ Carbamate Poisoning or Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) PoisoningEmergency Management of Organophosphate/ Carbamate Poisoning or Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) Poisoning→
- Emergency Procedural SedationEmergency Procedural Sedation→
- Emergency Procedural Sedation Adverse Event Reporting ToolEmergency Procedural Sedation Adverse Event Reporting Tool→
- Emergency Procedural Sedation Monitoring ChartEmergency Procedural Sedation Monitoring Chart→
- Emergency Response Team: Stroke Patient ChecklistClick on the image ro enlarge. Click here for the pdf . Angels Initiative South Africa _ Emergency Response Team Stroke Patient Checklist_2024→
- Emergency Response Team: Stroke Patient Fast ED ChecklistClick on the image to enlarge. Click here for the pdf . Angels Initiative South Africa _ Emergency Response Team Stroke Patient Checklist_2024→
- EmpyemaInfection Empyema Brief outline/clinical setting This is a complication of a parapneumonic effusion which occurs when bacteria invade the pleural space. Any pleural fluid requires evaluation to exclude an empyema Diagnosis: Exudative effusion with pus and a positive gram stain. Culture mandatory but may be negative pH<7.2 necessitates urgent drainage Aetiologies/organisms Pneumococcal, Gram ne→
- End of Life Care in End Stage Kidney DiseaseEthical and compassionate care is the main goal when managing a patient at the end of life. This period can be defined as a “ period of irreversible functional decline prior to death ” [49] . Care plans need to be adjusted to allow patients to have a “good death”, where distressing symptoms and suffering are treated competently and compassionately. The ethical framework that underpins endof-life→
- Endometrial CancerThis guideline is intended as a practical guide to patient care for registrars, medical officers, interns and medical students attached to the gynaecology units at the University of the Witwatersrand Academic Hospitals. Anyone can use it.→
- Endometriosis & AdenomyosisThis booklet is intended as a practical guide to patient care for registrars, medical officers, interns and medical students attached to the gynaecology units at the University of the Witwatersrand Academic Hospitals. Anyone can use it.→
- Endotracheal IntubationNational Neonatal Resuscitation Guidelines→
- Enhanced Adherence Counselling (EAC) & SupportClinician considerations for providing Enhanced Adherence Counselling (EAC) Barrier to adherence Intervention EAC indicated? Difficulty getting to facility to collect treatment Reduce unnecessary visits through enrolling client in a RPCs model or providing multi-month dispensing (MMD) No need for EAC Drug side effects or unpalatability impacting adherence? Change to more palatable regimen No need→
- EnuresisEnuresis→
- Enuresis & Associated ConditionsEnuresis and ADHD Enuresis and adenotonsillar hypertrophy Additional investigations Enuresis and ADHD Studies have consistently shown an increased prevalence of enuresis among children with ADHD. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses have found that the pooled prevalence of enuresis in ADHD patients can be up to 30%, significantly higher than the 5 - 10% reported in the general population. [72] Th→
- Environment and Clinical SettingSPs must understand the limitations of working in the relative isolation of the out-of-hospital setting. The premises and supporting facilities where sedation is performed, must meet the requirements of safe sedation practice. Preprocedure assessment and selection of paediatric patients will determine if the facility fulfils the requirements for each individual child. The minimal requirements for→
- Environmental Considerations in Infection Control and PreventionOperating theatre ventilation Forced-air warmers Operating theatre temperature and humidity Environmental cleaning of the operating theatre Surgical attire Please refer to the relevant IUSS guidelines that can be found at www.iussonline.co.za as well as the SASA website Operating theatre ventilation 263-265 Every operating theatre complex requires an effective central humidity ventilation and air→
- Environmental Health Guidelines16 March 2020→
- EpidemiologyEpidemiology Influenza virus infections cause substantial annual morbidity and mortality worldwide including South Africa. [1-4] Annual influenza epidemics result in an estimated three to five million cases of severe illness, and about 290 000-650 000 deaths globally. [4] Influenza is an important cause of pneumonia or lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) and approximately 8-10% o→
- Epidemiology & PathophysiologyEpidemiology Pathophysiology Epidemiology Allergic rhinitis affects between 10% and 40% of children and adults worldwide, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 approximately 80% developing before the age of 20 years, with a peak at 20–40 years and then a gradual decline. 6,8 The burden in low- and middle income countries is similarly substantial and has been increasing since the 1990s. 1,2,6 In the International Study→
- Epidemiology Diabetes Surveys in South Africa (Glucose-based)Epidemiology Diabetes Surveys in South Africa (Glucose-based)→
- Epidemiology of Type 2 DiabetesEpidemiology of type 2 Diabetes→
- EpiglottitisInfection Epiglottitis Brief outline/clinical setting Infectious inflammation of the epiglottis and supraglottic edema. The swollen epiglottis has a ball-valve effect which results in rapidly progressive shortness of breath and airway obstruction which can lead to death if untreated. Patients may present with sore throat, dysphagia and drooling, fever, stridor and dyspnea (relieved by leaning for→
- EpilepsyThe guidelines recommend management of common obstetric conditions at primary and referral level, based on local experience and evidence-based practice. They are not intended as strict protocols nor as standard operating procedures, but rather as a guide to safe effective management of common obstetric problems. The guidelines should be most useful to interns, medical officers and registrars.→
- EpilepsyEpilepsy→
- EpistaxisEpistaxis→
- Essential Paediatric Calculations and Normal ValuesPaediatric Calculations and Normal Values for Paediatric patients→
- Essential StatisticsThe guidelines recommend management of common obstetric conditions at primary and referral level, based on local experience and evidence-based practice. They are not intended as strict protocols nor as standard operating procedures, but rather as a guide to safe effective management of common obstetric problems. The guidelines should be most useful to interns, medical officers and registrars.→
- Ethical ConsiderationsAn approach to symptom management to guide decision-making in the management of patients with life-threatening illness→
- EthicsNational Neonatal Resuscitation Guidelines→
- EthicsBlood bank practices Patient-related practices Grade 20.1 Both blood donors and recipients must be protected through safe blood management practices. N/A 20.2 Blood transfusion services must comply with the provisions of the standards of practice for blood transfusions in South Africa N/A 20.3 All blood and blood products require informed consent prior to transfusion. N/A 20.4 If consent c→
- Evacuation of the UterusThis booklet is intended as a practical guide to patient care for registrars, medical officers, interns and medical students attached to the gynaecology units at the University of the Witwatersrand Academic Hospitals. Anyone can use it.→
- Evaluating the Child with a First Non-Febrile (Afebrile) SeizureGuideline on the management of the child with a first non-febrile / afebrile seizure→
- Evaluation of Male Sexual Dysfunction in Type 2 DiabetesEvaluation of Male Sexual Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes→
- Evidence for N95 Extended Use, Re-use and DecontaminationCOVID-19 Rapid Review, Friday, 10 April 2020→
- Examination of Suspected Child AbuseRainbow Clinic for Abused Children, April 2020→
- Examination of an Individual Allegedly under the Influence of AlcoholAlcohol→
- Examining an Unwell DiverExamining an Unwell Diver→
- Exchange Transfusion TechniqueManagement guidelines for students, interns and registrars on a variety of routine and emergency situations in our neonatal service at Tygerberg Children’s Hospital. Published in 2014.→
- Exclusion Criteria for Intravenous rt-PAClick on the image to enlarge. Click here for the pdf . Angels Initiative South Africa _ Emergency Department Physician Stroke Patient Pack_2024→
- Exclusion Criteria for Intravenous rt-PAClick on the image to enlarge. Click here for the pdf . Angels Initiative South Africa _ Treating Doctor_Stroke patient acute treatment forms_2024→
- Exclusion Criteria for Intravenous rt-PAClick on the image to enlarge. Click here for the pdf . Angels Initiative South Africa _ Stroke Physician Clinical Decision Pack_2024→
- Executive SummaryQA notes Survey1 is the spacing in the original doc... no change made→
- Exogenous Surfactant AdministrationManagement guidelines for students, interns and registrars on a variety of routine and emergency situations in our neonatal service at Tygerberg Children’s Hospital. Published in 2014.→