Guidelines
87 entriesNDOH Standard Treatment Guidelines and clinical protocols
- NeurocysticercosisNeurocysticercosisOther→
- NeurocysticercosisNeurocysticercosisPEML (Paeds)→
- Neuroleptic Malignant SyndromeDescription General measures Referral ICD-10 code: G21.0 + (T43.0-6/T43.8-9) Description Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a rare but potentially fatal syndrome characterised by a tetrad of fever, muscle rigidity, altered mental state, and autonomic dysfunction. An altered mental state with confusion, delirium, or stupor may precede other clinical signs of NMS. Suspect if there is a historyPrimary Care→
- Neuroleptic PoisoningDescription Diagnostic criteria General and supportive measures Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 code: T43.5 DESCRIPTION Neuroleptic overdose may cause a depressed level of consciousness, hypotension, tachycardia and cardiac dysrhythmias and seizures. Commonly used neuroleptics include chlorpromazine, haloperidol and phenothiazine anti-emetics (e.g. promethazine). Acute dystonic reactionsPEML (Paeds)→
- Neurologic DisordersPerinatal asphyxia Therapeutic Hypothermia Seizures Sub-aponeurotic haemorrhage (SAH) Perinatal asphyxia The biggest concern is hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) or neonatal encephalopathy. Sometimes the baby is obviously encephalopathic from birth, with prolonged low Apgar’s, delayed onset of breathing, seizures, abnormal posturing etc. Sometimes the features develop more subtly. Any newborOther→
- Neuropathic PainAn approach to symptom management to guide decision-making in the management of patients with life-threatening illnessOther→
- NeuropathyCentral Nervous SystemPrimary Care→
- NeuropathyStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- Neuropathy AssessmentNeuropathy AssessmentOther→
- Neuropsychiatric ConditionsStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- Neutral Environmental Temperature For NewbornsManagement guidelines for students, interns and registrars on a variety of routine and emergency situations in our neonatal service at Tygerberg Children’s Hospital. Published in 2014.Other→
- Neutropaenic SepsisAn approach to symptom management to guide decision-making in the management of patients with life-threatening illnessOther→
- New Guidelines for the Use of Insulin Infusion Pumps in South AfricaNew Guidelines for the Use of Insulin Infusion Pumps in South AfricaOther→
- New in 2023 ART Clinical GuidelineClick on the image to enlarge Click here to open the above PDF 2023 ART Clinical Guidelines for the Management of HIV in Adults, Pregnancy and Breastfeeding, Adolescents, Children, Infants and Neonates June 2023 Version 4 Upload date: 28/07/2023Other→
- Newborn Resuscitation AlgorithmNewborn Resuscitation AlgorithmOther→
- Newborn Resuscitation AlgorithmNewborn Resuscitation AlgorithmOther→
- Non - Typhoid Salmonella (NTS)Description Diagnostic criteria General and supportive measures Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 code: A02.9 DESCRIPTION Present as: gastroenteritis, or extra-intestinal (invasive) disease. DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA Clinical Self-limiting mucosal intestinal disease presenting with diarrhoea and vomiting in immunocompetent patients. Young infants (< 3 months) and immunodeficient children (espPEML (Paeds)→
- Non-Itchy Skin RashIMCI - Skin problemsIMCI→
- Non-Penetrating Eye InjuryDescription Diagnostic criteria Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 code: S05.1 DESCRIPTION An intact cornea and sclera, but severely contused eye. A foreign body on or embedded in the cornea of an intact eye. DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA Signs depend on the site affected and nature of the non-penetrating trauma. Corneal injury Contusion: hazy oedematous cornea. A foreign body embedded on/in the cornPEML (Paeds)→
- Non-Pharmaceutical Therapies for EnuresisAlternative treatment / complementary therapies Urotherapy Alarm therapy Pelvic floor muscle training Biofeedback Alternative Treatment / Complementary Therapies Minimal advances in this area have been observed. No efficient or direct comparative data are available for any alternative therapies. There are no measurable outcomes data or placebo-controlled data available. Various forms of acupunctuOther→
- Non-Pharmacological Pain Techniques: AdultsPhysical interventions Psychological interventions Other interventions Conclusion Non-pharmacological pain techniques refer to interventions that do not involve the use of medication to treat pain. These techniques may be used as an adjunct to pharmacotherapy and are usually not used in isolation. The goals of non-pharmacological techniques are to decrease fear, distress and anxiety,&nOther→
- Non-Pharmacological Pain Techniques: PaediatricsPain management Preparation One Voice Language Positions of comfort Coping strategies Pain management It is imperative that effective pain management is standardised for all paediatric patients. Even minor painful events or procedures, such as needle pricks, can affect children’s longterm emotional wellbeing. Timely administration of pain management techniques can affect the paediatric patient’sOther→
- Non-Respiratory Manifestations of COVID-19Part one and twoOther→
- Non-Severe Tuberculosis DiseaseIndications Includes smear-negative pulmonary TB (low bacillary load) or with no more than mild to moderate lymph node enlargement and/or lung field opacification, or simple pleural effusion. See: https://theunion.org/sites/default/files/2022-03/The%20Union_Diagnostic%20Atlas%20for%20TB%20in%20Children_2022.pdf Dosing Adjust treatment dosages to current body weight. If calculating dosages,PEML (Paeds)→
- Nonopioid Analgesics and Co-AnalgesicsGeneral principles and management of cancer pain in adultsOther→
- Normal Blood Values NeonateManagement guidelines for students, interns and registrars on a variety of routine and emergency situations in our neonatal service at Tygerberg Children’s Hospital. Published in 2014.Other→
- Normal CSF – Values In The NeonateManagement guidelines for students, interns and registrars on a variety of routine and emergency situations in our neonatal service at Tygerberg Children’s Hospital. Published in 2014.Other→
- Normal ECG values for childrenNormal ECG values for childrenOther→
- Normal vital signs according to ageNormal vital signs according to ageOther→
- Nose Bleed (Epistaxis)Description Management Referral ICD-10 code: R04.0 DESCRIPTION Nose bleed may be caused by local or systemic diseases, or local trauma, especially nose picking, and occurs from an area anterior and inferior to the nasal septum. Consider other conditions associated with nosebleeds, especially if recurrent, e.g. hypertension and bleeding tendency. MANAGEMENT Acute episode Control bleeding by pinchiPrimary Care→
- Not growing well (including failure to thrive/growth faltering) *New*ICD-10 codes: R62.0 / R62.8 / R62.9 Description General measures Conditions which justify recommending that mothers do not breastfeed Medicine treatment Referral DESCRIPTION Children and infants who have either: Unsatisfactory weight gain (growth curve flattening or weight loss) on the Road to Health chart/ booklet. OR Low weight for age (but WHZ > -2) Note: Babies who were premature andPrimary Care→
- Notice 14 March 2025: Supply Constraints with Docetaxel 200mg/ml Injection 1ml for Oncology Treatment and Interim Therapeutic AlternativesThe Tertiary and Quaternary Essential Medicines List (EML) currently recommends the use of a taxanes (paclitaxel or docetaxel) for the management of various cancers including breast, prostate and lung. Docetaxel 20mg/ml, 1ml injection, which is on National Contract from Accord Healthcare (Pty) Ltd, is currently unavailable. The docetaxel 20mg injection, will only be available at the end of AprilOther→
- Notice 23 April 2026: Publication of the NEMLC Approved Updates to the Primary Healthcare (PHC) and Adult Hospital Level (AHL) Chapters for the Standard Treatment Guidelines (STGs) and Essential Medicines List (EML): 2025 - 2029 Review CycleIn the document below, is a list of the recently published 2026 chapter updates to previous editions of the PHC and AHL STGs and EML. Updates to chapters and supporting technical documents (medicine reviews, costing reports, NEMLC reports, implementation slides for PHC level) for the 2025 - 2029 review cycle are uploaded onto the National Health Insurance (NHI) webpage following finalisation forOther→
- Notifiable medical conditions - Referral flowchartNotifiable medical conditions - Referral flowchartOther→
- Nutrition and Anaemia NEMLC recommendations for medicine amendments (2020-2023 review cycle) *New*South African Primary Healthcare Essential Medicine List & Standard Treatment Guidelines. NEMLC Recommendations for Medicine Amendments (2020-2023 Review Cycle). Standard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Primary Healthcare Level, Updated for the 2023 EditionPrimary Care→
- Nutritional Care in the ICUMalnutrition is common (25%) among critically ill children and is associated with increased morbidity, delayed recovery and increased mortality. Nutritional goals in PICU include: Prevention and/or treatment of malnutrition – both macro and micronutrient deficiencies as well as overfeeding. Maintenance of gut integrity with enteral nutrition. Optimization of organ function. Standard Treatment GuiPEML (Paeds)→
- Nutritional Status (Age 2 months up to 5 years)IMCI - Child (Age 2 months up to 5 years)IMCI→