Guidelines

3,191 entries

NDOH Standard Treatment Guidelines and clinical protocols

Electrolyte Disturbances - HyperkalaemiaElectrolyte Disturbances - HyperkalaemiaOther→
Electrolyte Disturbances - HypernatraemiaElectrolyte Disturbances - HypernatraemiaOther→
Electrolyte Disturbances - HypocalcaemiaElectrolyte Disturbances - HypocalcaemiaOther→
Electrolyte Disturbances - HypokalaemiaElectrolyte Disturbances - HypokalaemiaOther→
Electrolyte Disturbances - HypomagnesaemiaElectrolyte Disturbances - HypomagnesaemiaOther→
Electrolyte Disturbances - HyponatraemiaElectrolyte Disturbances - HyponatraemiaOther→
Electrolyte Disturbances - HypophosphataemiaElectrolyte Disturbances - HypophosphataemiaOther→
Electrolyte Disturbances - Zinc SulphateElectrolyte Disturbances - Zinc SulphateOther→
Elimination DisordersElimination DisordersPEML (Paeds)→
Emergencies During Labour and Prolonged Second StageThe guidelines recommend management of common obstetric conditions at primary and referral level, based on local experience and evidence-based practice. They are not intended as strict protocols nor as standard operating procedures, but rather as a guide to safe effective management of common obstetric problems. The guidelines should be most useful to interns, medical officers and registrars.Other→
Emergency DepartmentEmergency departmentOther→
Emergency Department Physician FormClick on the image to enlarge. Click here for the pdf . Angels Initiative South Africa _ Emergency Department Physician Stroke Patient Pack_2024Other→
Emergency Department: Acute Abdominal Pain, Renal Colic, Biliary Colic and DysmenorrhoeaAcute abdominal pain Renal colic Biliary colic Dysmenorrhoea Acute abdominal pain A wide spectrum of conditions present with acute abdominal pain. These conditions may be due to abdominal pathology (intra- or extraperitoneally), radiating or referred pain from extra-abdominal pathology, or systemic conditions presenting with abdominal pain. Therefore, it is once again important to not only manageOther→
Emergency Department: Acute Cardiac PainAcute cardiac pain results from acute myocardial ischaemia and includes acute MI and unstable angina. Pain or discomfort is typically precordial, radiating or referred to the left arm and jaw, but patients may also experience pain in either arms, left shoulder, back, neck or stomach. This is accompanied by dyspnoea, sweating, stomach discomfort (indigestion or heartburn), nausea and vomitingOther→
Emergency Department: Acute Musculoskeletal Pain and Acute Spinal PainMusculoskeletal injury may be present in any patient who has sustained other trauma, and it is managed according to the extent of injury and other injuries. In this section, focus will be on the musculoskeletal aspect alone. Patients presenting with spinal pain (neck, thoracic, lumbar or sacral) must be evaluated by taking a thorough systemic history followed by a clinical examination. Take noteOther→
Emergency Department: Discharge PrescriptionA patient should not receive a prescription for analgesics without a diagnosis. If a diagnosis is not clear, the patient must be referred for further evaluation as either an in- or outpatient. If the doctor is of the opinion that it is safe to discharge the patient, they must be advised on the symptoms to look for and instructed to return if necessary. A prescription consisting of paracetamol andOther→
Emergency Department: Post-traumatic PainEverybody, including babies, children, fit athletes and the frail elderly, is vulnerable to trauma. Trauma patients do not only differ in age, but also with regards to the type of trauma, comorbid conditions and medications – including analgesics. These factors must be considered when treating their pain. Initial therapy for significant trauma pain is best achieved by the titration of IV opioids.Other→
Emergency Department: Sports InjuriesPharmacotherapy of sports injury These are usually associated with musculoskeletal injury and pain and include skeletal injury (stress fractures, fractures, sprains, strains, joint dislocations, muscle haematomas, muscle rupture, etc.). These injuries may heal completely leaving no pain; others may be complicated by long-term morbidity, including dysfunction and chronic pain. Yet, the pain associOther→
Emergency FridgesSANBS Guideline - Updated August 2023Other→
Emergency Management of Adult and Child AnaphylaxisEmergency Management of Adult and Child AnaphylaxisOther→
Emergency Management of Organophosphate/ Carbamate Poisoning or Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) PoisoningEmergency Management of Organophosphate/ Carbamate Poisoning or Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) PoisoningOther→
Emergency Procedural SedationEmergency Procedural SedationOther→
Emergency Procedural Sedation Adverse Event Reporting ToolEmergency Procedural Sedation Adverse Event Reporting ToolOther→
Emergency Procedural Sedation Monitoring ChartEmergency Procedural Sedation Monitoring ChartOther→
Emergency Response Team: Stroke Patient ChecklistClick on the image ro enlarge. Click here for the pdf . Angels Initiative South Africa _ Emergency Response Team Stroke Patient Checklist_2024Other→
Emergency Response Team: Stroke Patient Fast ED ChecklistClick on the image to enlarge. Click here for the pdf . Angels Initiative South Africa _ Emergency Response Team Stroke Patient Checklist_2024Other→
Emerging Respiratory PathogensMiddle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection: MERS COV Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) MIDDLE EAST RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS INFECTION: MERS COV ICD-10 code: B34.2/J16.8 + (B97.2) *Notifiable medical condition. Note: Consult most recent guidelines from the National Department of Health/ NICD. DESCRIPTION Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a viral respiratory illneEML (Adult)→
Emerging Respiratory Pathogens, e.g. COVID-19: Coronavirus Disease-19; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection: MERS COVDescription General Measures Management Referral Note: notifiable medical conditions. Consult the most recent guidelines from the National Department of Health or NICD. DESCRIPTION Viral respiratory illness caused by coronaviruses, including Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARSPrimary Care→
EmpyemaStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
EmpyemaInfection Empyema Brief outline/clinical setting This is a complication of a parapneumonic effusion which occurs when bacteria invade the pleural space. Any pleural fluid requires evaluation to exclude an empyema Diagnosis: Exudative effusion with pus and a positive gram stain. Culture mandatory but may be negative pH<7.2 necessitates urgent drainage Aetiologies/organisms Pneumococcal, Gram neOther→
EncopresisEncopresisPEML (Paeds)→
End Of Life And Terminal CareDescription General and supportive measures Terminal Care Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 code: Z51.1 DESCRIPTION The end of life phase is defined as that stage where it is recognized that the child’s health is in a state of steady decline, whereas the terminal stage is the last few hours of life. Although prognostication is more difficult in children compared to adults especially when iPEML (Paeds)→
End of Life CareStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
End of Life CareEnd of Life CarePrimary Care→
End of Life CareDescription Determination of death Description When it has been assessed that continued therapy is unlikely to be beneficial, an active end-of-life (EOL) care process needs to be initiated. The following should be considered: In South Africa (SA), EOL care issues are regulated by inter alia The SA Constitution Act 108 of 1996, the Health Professional Act of 1974, the National Health Act 61 of 200EML (Adult)→
End of Life Care in End Stage Kidney DiseaseEthical and compassionate care is the main goal when managing a patient at the end of life. This period can be defined as a “ period of irreversible functional decline prior to death ” [49] . Care plans need to be adjusted to allow patients to have a “good death”, where distressing symptoms and suffering are treated competently and compassionately. The ethical framework that underpins endof-lifeOther→
Endocarditis, InfectiveDescription Diagnostic criteria General and supportive measures Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 code: I33.0 DESCRIPTION Infection of the endothelial surface of the heart. Suspect infective endocarditis in all children with fever and underlying heart disease. Antibiotic therapy in these children is highly dependent on the results of microbiology. DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA Clinical An underlyingPEML (Paeds)→
Endocarditis, InfectiveStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEndocarditis, InfectiveEML (Adult)→
Endometrial CancerThis guideline is intended as a practical guide to patient care for registrars, medical officers, interns and medical students attached to the gynaecology units at the University of the Witwatersrand Academic Hospitals. Anyone can use it.Other→
EndometriosisDescription Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 code: N80.0-6/N80.8-9 DESCRIPTION The presence and proliferation of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity, usually within the pelvis. It may manifest as dysmenorrhoea, dyspareunia and chronic pelvic pain. Diagnosis is made by laparoscopy. MEDICINE TREATMENT For pain: NSAID, oral: e.g. Ibuprofen, oral, 400 mg 8 hourly with or after a meaEML (Adult)→
Endometriosis & AdenomyosisThis booklet is intended as a practical guide to patient care for registrars, medical officers, interns and medical students attached to the gynaecology units at the University of the Witwatersrand Academic Hospitals. Anyone can use it.Other→
Endophthalmitis, BacterialStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
Endotracheal IntubationNational Neonatal Resuscitation GuidelinesOther→
Enhanced Adherence Counselling (EAC) & SupportClinician considerations for providing Enhanced Adherence Counselling (EAC) Barrier to adherence Intervention EAC indicated? Difficulty getting to facility to collect treatment Reduce unnecessary visits through enrolling client in a RPCs model or providing multi-month dispensing (MMD) No need for EAC Drug side effects or unpalatability impacting adherence? Change to more palatable regimen No needOther→
Enterocolitis, NecrotisingDescription Diagnostic criteria General and supportive measures Medicine treatment Surgical treatment Referral ICD-10 code: P77 DESCRIPTION Neonate presenting with the consequences of bowel wall injury or necrosis. Risk factors include: prematurity, hypotension/shock, sepsis, early formula feedings, high feeding volumes, perinatal asphyxia (hypoxia), patent ductus arteriosus, and polycythaePEML (Paeds)→
EnuresisUrologyPrimary Care→
EnuresisEnuresisOther→
EnuresisEnuresisPEML (Paeds)→
EnuresisICD-10 code: R32 See: Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Enuresis . Click here for the pdf . Click here for the Erratum-3 notice . Standard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa Paediatric Hospital _Chapter 6: Nephrological/Urological Disorders; 2023, 5th editionPEML (Paeds)→
Enuresis & Associated ConditionsEnuresis and ADHD Enuresis and adenotonsillar hypertrophy Additional investigations Enuresis and ADHD Studies have consistently shown an increased prevalence of enuresis among children with ADHD. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses have found that the pooled prevalence of enuresis in ADHD patients can be up to 30%, significantly higher than the 5 - 10% reported in the general population. [72] ThOther→