Guidelines
152 entriesNDOH Standard Treatment Guidelines and clinical protocols
- E. Antimicrobial Resistance, Prevention and Containment FrameworkSupporting the Antimicrobial Resistance Strategy Framework and the Guidelines on Implementation of the Antimicrobial Strategy in South Africa: One Health Approach and Governance, 2018Other→
- EMS Inter-Facility Transfer Protocol Click on the image to enlarge. Click here for the pdf . Angels Initiative South Africa _ Emergency Response Team Stroke Patient Checklist_2024Other→
- EMS Inter-Facility Transfer Protocol: Stroke Patient During or After IV t-PAClick on the image to enlarge. Click here for the pdf . Angels Initiative South Africa _ Emergency Response Team Stroke Patient Checklist_2024Other→
- EMS Stroke Patient ChecklistClick on the image to enlarge. Click here for the pdf . Angels Initiative South Africa _ Emergency Response Team Stroke Patient Checklist_2024Other→
- ESMOE: Assisted DeliveryESMOE: Assisted DeliveryOther→
- ESMOE: Fetal Monitoring and CTGESMOE: Fetal Monitoring and CTGOther→
- ESMOE: HaemorrhageESMOE: HaemorrhageOther→
- ESMOE: Maternal ResuscitationEssential Steps in Managing Obstetric EmergenciesOther→
- ESMOE: MiscarriageESMOE: MiscarriageOther→
- ESMOE: Neonatal ResuscitationESMOE: Neonatal ResuscitationOther→
- ESMOE: Obstetric EmergenciesESMOE: Obstetric EmergenciesOther→
- ESMOE: Pre-eclampsia and EclampsiaESMOE: Pre-eclampsia and EclampsiaOther→
- ESMOE: Shock, Sepsis and the Unconscious PatientESMOE: Shock, Sepsis and the Unconscious PatientOther→
- Ear Infection - Follow-UpIMCI - Child (Age 2 months up to 5 years)IMCI→
- Ear Problem and Sore Throat (Age 2 months up to 5 years)IMCI - Child (Age 2 months up to 5 years)IMCI→
- Ear Wax ImpactionEar Wax ImpactionOther→
- Ear Wicking (Age 2 months up to 5 years)IMCI - Child (Age 2 months up to 5 years)IMCI→
- Early DiagnosisJoint damage begins within the first 3 months of disease onset. There is a ‘window of opportunity’ where early aggressive therapy of RA can suppress inflammation before irreversible joint destruction has occurred. [6-8] Early diagnosis and initiation of DMARD therapy are therefore critical. The 2010 American College of Rheumatology (ACR)/European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR)Other→
- Early Pregnancy ComplicationsThis booklet is intended as a practical guide to patient care for registrars, medical officers, interns and medical students attached to the gynaecology units at the University of the Witwatersrand Academic Hospitals. Anyone can use it.Other→
- EclampsiaGeneral measures Medicine treatment Referral O15.0-2/O15.9 GENERAL MEASURES Stabilise prior to urgent referral. Ensure safe airway. Place patient in left lateral position. Insert a Foley’s catheter and monitor urine output hourly. Monitor BP and check reflexes every 30 minutes. MEDICINE TREATMENT Administer oxygen. Magnesium sulfate, IV, 4 g as a loading dose diluted with 200 mL sodium chloride 0Primary Care→
- EclampsiaStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults, Updated for the 2023 EditionEML (Adult)→
- Ectopic PregnancyThis booklet is intended as a practical guide to patient care for registrars, medical officers, interns and medical students attached to the gynaecology units at the University of the Witwatersrand Academic Hospitals. Anyone can use it.Other→
- Ectopic PregnancyDescription General measures Medicine treatment Referral O00.0-2/O00.8-9 DESCRIPTION Pregnancy outside the uterus, usually presenting with the combination of: amenorrhoea (missed menstrual period) sudden lower abdominal pain/ pelvic pain vaginal bleeding (os closed) dizziness shock anaemia urine pregnancy test usually positive shoulder tip pain Note: Consider ectopic pregnancy in young women whoPrimary Care→
- Ectopic PregnancyEctopic PregnancyOther→
- EczemaDescription Diagnostic criteria General and supportive measures Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 code: L20.9 DESCRIPTION An inflammatory itchy skin condition characterised by: Vesicles, weeping and crusting during the acute stage. Scaling and lichenification during the chronic stage. DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA Intractable itch. Family history of allergies. Onset under thePEML (Paeds)→
- Eczema, Acute, Moist or WeepingEczema and DermatitisPrimary Care→
- Eczema, AtopicEczema and DermatitisPrimary Care→
- Eczema, SeborrhoeicSee: Dermatitis, seborrhoeic . Click here to access the pdf . Standard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Primary Healthcare_V1.0_26 February 2026 Chapter 11: Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV AND AIDS)_11.3 Opportunistic Infections, Treatment in Adult_11.3.6 Eczema, SeborrhoeicPrimary Care→
- EducationEducation is the cornerstone of effective management. Key points include explaining that AR is a chronic disease and that, apart from AIT, there is no curative treatment. Treatment options should be discussed with regard to cost, efficacy, ease of use and side-effect profile. Shared decision-making is of utmost importance. One of the main goals of shared decision-making is long-term adherence toOther→
- Efficacy of HIF-PHIs in the Treatment of Anaemia of Chronic Kidney DiseaseCurrent literature suggests that HIF-PHIs are superior to placebo and non-inferior to conventional ESA in treating anaemia in patients living with chronic kidney disease (CKD) ( Table 2 ). It should be noted that trials evaluating the efficacy of HIF-PHIs in anaemia have used established KDIGO targets. The safety of using HIF-PHIs to target normalized haemoglobin concentrations in CKD is thereforOther→
- Effusion and EmpyemaDescription Diagnostic criteria General and supportive measures Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 code: J90 DESCRIPTION A pleural effusion is an accumulation of fluid between the visceral and parietal pleura. The fluid can be an exudate or a transudate (see Lights criteria: https://www.mdcalc.com/lights-criteria-exudative-effusions ). Common causes for exudates are infections, inflammationPEML (Paeds)→
- Elbow DislocationThe elbow is second only to the shoulder as the major joint most frequently dislocated.Other→
- Electrolyte AbnormalitiesManagement guidelines for students, interns and registrars on a variety of routine and emergency situations in our neonatal service at Tygerberg Children’s Hospital. Published in 2014.Other→
- Electrolyte Disturbances - HyperkalaemiaElectrolyte Disturbances - HyperkalaemiaOther→
- Electrolyte Disturbances - HypernatraemiaElectrolyte Disturbances - HypernatraemiaOther→
- Electrolyte Disturbances - HypocalcaemiaElectrolyte Disturbances - HypocalcaemiaOther→
- Electrolyte Disturbances - HypokalaemiaElectrolyte Disturbances - HypokalaemiaOther→
- Electrolyte Disturbances - HypomagnesaemiaElectrolyte Disturbances - HypomagnesaemiaOther→
- Electrolyte Disturbances - HyponatraemiaElectrolyte Disturbances - HyponatraemiaOther→
- Electrolyte Disturbances - HypophosphataemiaElectrolyte Disturbances - HypophosphataemiaOther→
- Electrolyte Disturbances - Zinc SulphateElectrolyte Disturbances - Zinc SulphateOther→
- Elimination DisordersElimination DisordersPEML (Paeds)→
- Emergencies During Labour and Prolonged Second StageThe guidelines recommend management of common obstetric conditions at primary and referral level, based on local experience and evidence-based practice. They are not intended as strict protocols nor as standard operating procedures, but rather as a guide to safe effective management of common obstetric problems. The guidelines should be most useful to interns, medical officers and registrars.Other→
- Emergency DepartmentEmergency departmentOther→
- Emergency Department Physician FormClick on the image to enlarge. Click here for the pdf . Angels Initiative South Africa _ Emergency Department Physician Stroke Patient Pack_2024Other→
- Emergency Department: Acute Abdominal Pain, Renal Colic, Biliary Colic and DysmenorrhoeaAcute abdominal pain Renal colic Biliary colic Dysmenorrhoea Acute abdominal pain A wide spectrum of conditions present with acute abdominal pain. These conditions may be due to abdominal pathology (intra- or extraperitoneally), radiating or referred pain from extra-abdominal pathology, or systemic conditions presenting with abdominal pain. Therefore, it is once again important to not only manageOther→
- Emergency Department: Acute Cardiac PainAcute cardiac pain results from acute myocardial ischaemia and includes acute MI and unstable angina. Pain or discomfort is typically precordial, radiating or referred to the left arm and jaw, but patients may also experience pain in either arms, left shoulder, back, neck or stomach. This is accompanied by dyspnoea, sweating, stomach discomfort (indigestion or heartburn), nausea and vomitingOther→
- Emergency Department: Acute Musculoskeletal Pain and Acute Spinal PainMusculoskeletal injury may be present in any patient who has sustained other trauma, and it is managed according to the extent of injury and other injuries. In this section, focus will be on the musculoskeletal aspect alone. Patients presenting with spinal pain (neck, thoracic, lumbar or sacral) must be evaluated by taking a thorough systemic history followed by a clinical examination. Take noteOther→
- Emergency Department: Discharge PrescriptionA patient should not receive a prescription for analgesics without a diagnosis. If a diagnosis is not clear, the patient must be referred for further evaluation as either an in- or outpatient. If the doctor is of the opinion that it is safe to discharge the patient, they must be advised on the symptoms to look for and instructed to return if necessary. A prescription consisting of paracetamol andOther→
- Emergency Department: Post-traumatic PainEverybody, including babies, children, fit athletes and the frail elderly, is vulnerable to trauma. Trauma patients do not only differ in age, but also with regards to the type of trauma, comorbid conditions and medications – including analgesics. These factors must be considered when treating their pain. Initial therapy for significant trauma pain is best achieved by the titration of IV opioids.Other→