Guidelines

152 entries

NDOH Standard Treatment Guidelines and clinical protocols

Emergency Department: Sports InjuriesPharmacotherapy of sports injury These are usually associated with musculoskeletal injury and pain and include skeletal injury (stress fractures, fractures, sprains, strains, joint dislocations, muscle haematomas, muscle rupture, etc.). These injuries may heal completely leaving no pain; others may be complicated by long-term morbidity, including dysfunction and chronic pain. Yet, the pain associOther→
Emergency FridgesSANBS Guideline - Updated August 2023Other→
Emergency Management of Adult and Child AnaphylaxisEmergency Management of Adult and Child AnaphylaxisOther→
Emergency Management of Organophosphate/ Carbamate Poisoning or Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) PoisoningEmergency Management of Organophosphate/ Carbamate Poisoning or Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) PoisoningOther→
Emergency Procedural SedationEmergency Procedural SedationOther→
Emergency Procedural Sedation Adverse Event Reporting ToolEmergency Procedural Sedation Adverse Event Reporting ToolOther→
Emergency Procedural Sedation Monitoring ChartEmergency Procedural Sedation Monitoring ChartOther→
Emergency Response Team: Stroke Patient ChecklistClick on the image ro enlarge. Click here for the pdf . Angels Initiative South Africa _ Emergency Response Team Stroke Patient Checklist_2024Other→
Emergency Response Team: Stroke Patient Fast ED ChecklistClick on the image to enlarge. Click here for the pdf . Angels Initiative South Africa _ Emergency Response Team Stroke Patient Checklist_2024Other→
Emerging Respiratory PathogensMiddle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection: MERS COV Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) MIDDLE EAST RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS INFECTION: MERS COV ICD-10 code: B34.2/J16.8 + (B97.2) *Notifiable medical condition. Note: Consult most recent guidelines from the National Department of Health/ NICD. DESCRIPTION Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a viral respiratory illneEML (Adult)→
Emerging Respiratory Pathogens, e.g. COVID-19: Coronavirus Disease-19; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection: MERS COVDescription General Measures Management Referral Note: notifiable medical conditions. Consult the most recent guidelines from the National Department of Health or NICD. DESCRIPTION Viral respiratory illness caused by coronaviruses, including Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARSPrimary Care→
EmpyemaStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
EmpyemaInfection Empyema Brief outline/clinical setting This is a complication of a parapneumonic effusion which occurs when bacteria invade the pleural space. Any pleural fluid requires evaluation to exclude an empyema Diagnosis: Exudative effusion with pus and a positive gram stain. Culture mandatory but may be negative pH<7.2 necessitates urgent drainage Aetiologies/organisms Pneumococcal, Gram neOther→
EncopresisEncopresisPEML (Paeds)→
End Of Life And Terminal CareDescription General and supportive measures Terminal Care Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 code: Z51.1 DESCRIPTION The end of life phase is defined as that stage where it is recognized that the child’s health is in a state of steady decline, whereas the terminal stage is the last few hours of life. Although prognostication is more difficult in children compared to adults especially when iPEML (Paeds)→
End of Life CareEnd of Life CarePrimary Care→
End of Life CareDescription Determination of death Description When it has been assessed that continued therapy is unlikely to be beneficial, an active end-of-life (EOL) care process needs to be initiated. The following should be considered: In South Africa (SA), EOL care issues are regulated by inter alia The SA Constitution Act 108 of 1996, the Health Professional Act of 1974, the National Health Act 61 of 200EML (Adult)→
End of Life CareStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
End of Life Care in End Stage Kidney DiseaseEthical and compassionate care is the main goal when managing a patient at the end of life. This period can be defined as a “ period of irreversible functional decline prior to death ” [49] . Care plans need to be adjusted to allow patients to have a “good death”, where distressing symptoms and suffering are treated competently and compassionately. The ethical framework that underpins endof-lifeOther→
Endocarditis, InfectiveDescription Diagnostic criteria General and supportive measures Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 code: I33.0 DESCRIPTION Infection of the endothelial surface of the heart. Suspect infective endocarditis in all children with fever and underlying heart disease. Antibiotic therapy in these children is highly dependent on the results of microbiology. DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA Clinical An underlyingPEML (Paeds)→
Endocarditis, InfectiveStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEndocarditis, InfectiveEML (Adult)→
Endometrial CancerThis guideline is intended as a practical guide to patient care for registrars, medical officers, interns and medical students attached to the gynaecology units at the University of the Witwatersrand Academic Hospitals. Anyone can use it.Other→
EndometriosisDescription Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 code: N80.0-6/N80.8-9 DESCRIPTION The presence and proliferation of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity, usually within the pelvis. It may manifest as dysmenorrhoea, dyspareunia and chronic pelvic pain. Diagnosis is made by laparoscopy. MEDICINE TREATMENT For pain: NSAID, oral: e.g. Ibuprofen, oral, 400 mg 8 hourly with or after a meaEML (Adult)→
Endometriosis & AdenomyosisThis booklet is intended as a practical guide to patient care for registrars, medical officers, interns and medical students attached to the gynaecology units at the University of the Witwatersrand Academic Hospitals. Anyone can use it.Other→
Endophthalmitis, BacterialStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
Endotracheal IntubationNational Neonatal Resuscitation GuidelinesOther→
Enhanced Adherence Counselling (EAC) & SupportClinician considerations for providing Enhanced Adherence Counselling (EAC) Barrier to adherence Intervention EAC indicated? Difficulty getting to facility to collect treatment Reduce unnecessary visits through enrolling client in a RPCs model or providing multi-month dispensing (MMD) No need for EAC Drug side effects or unpalatability impacting adherence? Change to more palatable regimen No needOther→
Enterocolitis, NecrotisingDescription Diagnostic criteria General and supportive measures Medicine treatment Surgical treatment Referral ICD-10 code: P77 DESCRIPTION Neonate presenting with the consequences of bowel wall injury or necrosis. Risk factors include: prematurity, hypotension/shock, sepsis, early formula feedings, high feeding volumes, perinatal asphyxia (hypoxia), patent ductus arteriosus, and polycythaePEML (Paeds)→
EnuresisEnuresisPEML (Paeds)→
EnuresisUrologyPrimary Care→
EnuresisEnuresisOther→
EnuresisICD-10 code: R32 See: Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Enuresis . Click here for the pdf . Click here for the Erratum-3 notice . Standard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa Paediatric Hospital _Chapter 6: Nephrological/Urological Disorders; 2023, 5th editionPEML (Paeds)→
Enuresis & Associated ConditionsEnuresis and ADHD Enuresis and adenotonsillar hypertrophy Additional investigations Enuresis and ADHD Studies have consistently shown an increased prevalence of enuresis among children with ADHD. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses have found that the pooled prevalence of enuresis in ADHD patients can be up to 30%, significantly higher than the 5 - 10% reported in the general population. [72] ThOther→
EnvenomationThe management of severe envenomation, particularly by snakes and scorpions, is complex. Please contact the Poisons Information Helpline for advice. 0861 555 777 Standard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Paediatrics, 2023 Edition Chapter 18: Poisoning, 18.2 Envenomation Click here for Insect Bites and Stings Click here for ScorpiPEML (Paeds)→
Environment and Clinical SettingSPs must understand the limitations of working in the relative isolation of the out-of-hospital setting. The premises and supporting facilities where sedation is performed, must meet the requirements of safe sedation practice. Preprocedure assessment and selection of paediatric patients will determine if the facility fulfils the requirements for each individual child. The minimal requirements forOther→
Environmental Considerations in Infection Control and PreventionOperating theatre ventilation Forced-air warmers Operating theatre temperature and humidity Environmental cleaning of the operating theatre Surgical attire Please refer to the relevant IUSS guidelines that can be found at www.iussonline.co.za as well as the SASA website Operating theatre ventilation 263-265 Every operating theatre complex requires an effective central humidity ventilation and airOther→
Environmental Health Guidelines16 March 2020Other→
EpidemiologyEpidemiology Influenza virus infections cause substantial annual morbidity and mortality worldwide including South Africa. [1-4] Annual influenza epidemics result in an estimated three to five million cases of severe illness, and about 290 000-650 000 deaths globally. [4] Influenza is an important cause of pneumonia or lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) and approximately 8-10% oOther→
Epidemiology & PathophysiologyEpidemiology Pathophysiology Epidemiology Allergic rhinitis affects between 10% and 40% of children and adults worldwide, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 approximately 80% developing before the age of 20 years, with a peak at 20–40 years and then a gradual decline. 6,8 The burden in low- and middle income countries is similarly substantial and has been increasing since the 1990s. 1,2,6 In the International StudyOther→
Epidemiology Diabetes Surveys in South Africa (Glucose-based)Epidemiology Diabetes Surveys in South Africa (Glucose-based)Other→
Epidemiology of Type 2 DiabetesEpidemiology of type 2 DiabetesOther→
Epidermolysis BullosaDescription General and supportive measures Referral ICD-10 Code: Q81.9 DESCRIPTION Congenital, hereditary blistering skin lesions with onset in the newborn. Lesions have an erythematous base. Involvement of the mucous membranes as well as loss of nails may occur. GENERAL AND SUPPORTIVE MEASURES May require monitoring in a high or intensive care unit. Aseptic aspiration of bullae on thPEML (Paeds)→
EpiglottitisDescription Diagnostic criteria General and supportive measures Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 code: J05.1 DESCRIPTION Life-threatening upper airway obstruction at the level of the supraglottic structures (epiglottis and arytenoids). The condition is rare since H. influenzae Type b vaccination has been introduced. DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA Acute onset, high fever, sore throat, dysphagia,PEML (Paeds)→
EpiglottitisInfection Epiglottitis Brief outline/clinical setting Infectious inflammation of the epiglottis and supraglottic edema. The swollen epiglottis has a ball-valve effect which results in rapidly progressive shortness of breath and airway obstruction which can lead to death if untreated. Patients may present with sore throat, dysphagia and drooling, fever, stridor and dyspnea (relieved by leaning forOther→
EpiglottitisStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
EpilepsyEpilepsyPrimary Care→
EpilepsyEpilepsyOther→
EpilepsyThe guidelines recommend management of common obstetric conditions at primary and referral level, based on local experience and evidence-based practice. They are not intended as strict protocols nor as standard operating procedures, but rather as a guide to safe effective management of common obstetric problems. The guidelines should be most useful to interns, medical officers and registrars.Other→
EpilepsyDescription Epilepsy types Investigations G40.0-9 DESCRIPTION Epilepsy is a disease of the brain defined by any of the following conditions: At least two unprovoked (or reflex) seizures occurring >24 hours apart, or One unprovoked (or reflex) seizure if there is a high risk (60% or more) of having recurrent seizures within the next 10 years (i.e., if the person is vulnerable to having anotherPEML (Paeds)→
EpilepsyStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→