Guidelines
3,191 entriesNDOH Standard Treatment Guidelines and clinical protocols
- Guidelines ReviewedBlunt and penetrating bladder injury Intraperitoneal injury Extraperitoneal injury Post-surgical bladder drainage Spontaneous (idiopathic) rupture of the urinary bladder Paediatric bladder injury Iatrogenic bladder injury Guidelines reviewed in this article include: European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines on urological trauma (2023) [7] , EAU guidelines on paediatric urology (2022) [3] ,Other→
- Guidelines for Administration of Commonly used Antibiotics in the Neonatal UnitNote: Pharmacy supply may change Dosing and administration recommendations for antibiotic and anti-viral therapy Drug name Dose Diluent & Preparation Infusion rate *Acyclovir Vial = 250mg 20mg/kg/dose IVI: 8 hourly <34 weeks or renal/hepatic failure: 12 hourly Sterile water for injection Reconstitute 250mg vial with 10ml sterile water for injection Final concentration: 25mg/Other→
- Guidelines for Adverse Drug Reaction ReportingStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- Guidelines for Adverse Drug Reaction ReportingGuidelines for Adverse Drug Reaction ReportingPrimary Care→
- Guidelines for Blood Transfusion PracticeGuidelines for Blood Transfusion PracticeOther→
- Guidelines for FastingPreoperative fasting for sedation is controversial. Some authorities, especially in dentistry and emergency medicine, consider it to be unnecessary. Airway reflexes are assumed to be maintained during minimal and moderate sedation, but may be lost during deep sedation. If basic or standard sedation techniques ( Basic or standard sedation ) are planned, fasting is recommended, but not mandatory. IOther→
- Guidelines for Management of Diabetics on Sick DaysDescription Diagnostic criteria General and supportive measures Medicine treatment Referral DESCRIPTION Illness associated with fever tends to raise blood glucose because of higher levels of stress hormones, gluconeogenesis and insulin resistance. Illness associated with vomiting and/or diarrhoea may lower blood glucose, with the possibility of hypoglycaemia and the development of starvation ketoPEML (Paeds)→
- Guidelines for Motivation of a New Medicine on the National Essential Medicine ListGuidelines for Motivation of a New Medicine on the National Essential Medicine ListPrimary Care→
- Guidelines for Quarantine and Isolation in relation to COVID-19Guidelines for managing COVID-19 contacts and cases at home and in designated facilities. Published 05 May 2020.Other→
- Guidelines for Symptom Monitoring and Management of Workers for COVID-19 InfectionGuideline for the early and timeous identification and diagnosis of workers at risk of COVID-19 infection as well as early referral for appropriate treatment, care and timeous return to work of affected workers. Published 19 August 2020Other→
- Guidelines for the Management of Agitation/aggression in Elderly Persons with a Major Neurocognitive Disorder in District or Regional HospitalsGuidelines for the management of agitation/aggression in elderly persons with a major neurocognitive disorder in district or regional hospitalsOther→
- Guidelines for the Motivation of a New Medicine on the National Essential Medicines ListStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- Guidelines for the Prevention and Management of Coronavirus Infection in Healthcare Facilities08 May 2020Other→
- Guidelines on Commencing MorphineAn approach to symptom management to guide decision-making in the management of patients with life-threatening illnessOther→
- Guidelines on the Use of Anaesthesia Machines as ICU VentilatorsGuidance documents released by SASA around COVID-19. Issued 07 April 2020.Other→
- HIV - Follow-UpIMCI - Child (Age 2 months up to 5 years)IMCI→
- HIV InfectionThis booklet is intended as a practical guide to patient care for registrars, medical officers, interns and medical students attached to the gynaecology units at the University of the Witwatersrand Academic Hospitals. Anyone can use it.Other→
- HIV InfectionHIV InfectionOther→
- HIV Infection (Age 2 months up to 5 years)IMCI - Child (Age 2 months up to 5 years)IMCI→
- HIV Infection (Birth up to 2 months)IMCI - Young Infant (Birth up to 2 months)IMCI→
- HIV Infection in Adults and Adolescents (10-19 years old)Please click on the link below to access the most up-to-date version of this guideline. The content on this page is currently being updated to align with the latest publication. Always check the version number at the bottom of the screen to confirm which version you are using. Click here to access the Primary Health Care - PHC Chapter 11: Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immune DeficiencPrimary Care→
- HIV Infection in Children (<10 years old)Please click on the link below to access the most up-to-date version of this guideline. The content on this page is currently being updated to align with the latest publication. Always check the version number at the bottom of the screen to confirm which version you are using. Click here to access the Primary Health Care - PHC Chapter 11: Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immune DeficiencPrimary Care→
- HIV Infection in PregnancyThe guidelines recommend management of common obstetric conditions at primary and referral level, based on local experience and evidence-based practice. They are not intended as strict protocols nor as standard operating procedures, but rather as a guide to safe effective management of common obstetric problems. The guidelines should be most useful to interns, medical officers and registrars.Other→
- HIV Papular Pruritic EruptionDescription Diagnostic criteria General and supportive measures Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 code: T78.4 DESCRIPTION A chronic itchy condition with a relapsing course. In HIV-infected patients, insect bites may be severe and recalcitrant with post-inflammatory pigmentation and scarring. DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA Initial lesion is a pruritic urticarial spot with a cenPEML (Paeds)→
- HIV Testing for The HIV-Exposed InfantHIV Testing Schedule Confirmatory Testing HIV TESTING SCHEDULE Birth HIV-PCR HIV-PCR at age 10 weeks HIV-PCR at 6 months for all HIV-exposed infants Aligned with 6-month maternal HIV VL Universal 18 month rapid/ELISA for all children Whether exposed or un-exposed Aligned with 18-month maternal HIV VL Age-appropriate test at 6 weeks post-cessation of BF Age-appropriate test at any time if tOther→
- HIV and DiabetesHIV and DiabetesOther→
- HIV and Kidney DiseasePlease click on the link below to access the most up-to-date version of this guideline. The content on this page is currently being updated to align with the latest publication. Always check the version number at the bottom of the screen to confirm which version you are using. Click here to access the Adult Hospital Level Chapter 10: HIV_and_AIDS_with_supporting_NEMLC_Report_Reviews_2025-9-VersioEML (Adult)→
- HIV and Kidney DiseaseDescription Referral N04.9/N05.9/N17.9 + (B24) DESCRIPTION Various forms of kidney disorders are described among PLHIV. Early detection of HIV kidney disease may be beneficial in an attempt to protect the kidney from further disease progression and for adjusting the dose of relevant medicines (See: Antiretroviral therapy, adults table - Antiretroviral medicines: Dose and common adverse druPrimary Care→
- HIV in AdolescenceICD-10 codes: B20-24 DESCRIPTION Adolescence encompasses the period of physical and psychological development from the onset of puberty to maturity. HIV in adolescents may be due to: Vertical infection in infancy that presents as long term non-progressors; or Sexually acquired HIV from unprotected intercourse. Increasing numbers of perinatally infected infants are surviving to adolescence. AdolesPEML (Paeds)→
- HIV in PregnancyDescription General measures Medicine treatment Referral O98.7 DESCRIPTION HIV is currently the commonest cause of maternal deaths in South Africa. Transmission of HIV from mother to infant may occur during pregnancy, delivery and/or breastfeeding. Without intervention, 25–40% of infants born to HIV-infected women may become infected. With appropriate interventions, maternal mortality as well asPrimary Care→
- HIV in PregnancyStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults, Updated for the 2023 EditionEML (Adult)→
- HIV-Associated DeliriumHIV-Associated DeliriumOther→
- HIV-associated Pain Principles of managing HIV-related pain Pain is a common symptom in people infected with HIV, with the prevalence ranging from approximately 30% in the early stages of infection, to 80% in those with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Pain relating to HIV/AIDS may be due to the following: The effects of HIV on the peripheral or CNS (neuropathic pain). Opportunistic infections or neOther→
- Haematologic EmergenciesStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- HaematuriaStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- HaematuriaUrologyPrimary Care→
- Haematuria in TraumaHaematuria in TraumaOther→
- Haematuria: Approach in ChildrenGuideline to the approach to haematuria in childrenOther→
- Haemodialysis ProceduresDialysis Prescription Dose of Dialysis Membranes Anticoagulation Dialysate Water Treatment and Purification Reprocessing of Dialysers Dialysis Prescription Both acute and chronic dialysis procedures must be performed by a dialysis trained nurse or technologist according to the nephrologist’s prescription. Dialysis units not directly supervised by a nephrologist should follow the instructions outlOther→
- Haemophilia A and BDescription Diagnostic criteria General and supportive measures Treatment guidelines Treatment – Acute management of bleeds ICD-10 code: D66.7/D66.8 DESCRIPTION Haemophilia A and B are lifelong chronic bleeding disorders caused by a lack of clotting factor VIII and clotting factor IX, due to mutations in the Factor VIII and Factor IX genes respectively. Acute bleeding presentation depends oPEML (Paeds)→
- Haemophilia A/Factor VIII Deficiency (No Inhibitors)Prophylaxis Treatment on-demand ICD-10 code: D66 PROPHYLAXIS Prophylaxis (primary and secondary) should be considered for patients with severe haemophilia A (<1% factor activity) who can access the health facility twice weekly for infusions, or have indwelling venous catheters and are candidates for home-based care. Primary prophylaxis: Prophylaxis started in the absence of documented joPEML (Paeds)→
- Haemophilia B/Factor IX Deficiency (With No Inhibitors)Prophylaxis Treatment on demand ICD-10 code: D67 PROPHYLAXIS Prophylaxis (primary and secondary) should be considered for patients with severe haemophilia B (<1% factor activity) who can access the health facility twice weekly for infusions; or have indwelling venous catheters and are candidates for home-based care. Primary prophylaxis: Prophylaxis started in the absence of documented joiPEML (Paeds)→
- Haemophilia with InhibitorsRefer for assessment and planning with a haematologist. REFERRAL All cases with suspected or established haemophilia (prolonged aPTT and normal INR), for assessment, genetic counselling and planning of management, to a Haemophilia Treatment Centre. Click here to access the pdf . Standard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa Paediatric Hospital_2023 edition_ Updated FPEML (Paeds)→
- HaemorrhageHaemorrhageOther→
- HaemorrhageAn approach to symptom management to guide decision-making in the management of patients with life-threatening illnessOther→
- Haemorrhagic Disease of the NewbornICD-10 code: P53 See: Haemorrhagic disease of the newborn. Click here to access the pdf . Standard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa Paediatric Hospital_2023 edition_ Updated February 2025 Chapter 3: Blood and Blood Forming Organs, 3.6 Haemophilia A and B, 3.6.3 Haemophilia with InhibitorsPEML (Paeds)→
- Haemorrhagic Disease of the NewbornDescription Diagnostic criteria General and supportive measures Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 code: P53 DESCRIPTION This is due to a deficiency of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors II, VII, IX and X. All newborns who did not receive vitamin K 1 at birth, especially preterm babies and breastfed babies, are at risk. Spontaneous bleeding may be from any site but is usually gastrointestPEML (Paeds)→
- Haemorrhagic Fever SyndromeDescription General measures Referral ICD-10 code: A98.0-5/A98.8/A99 *Notifiable medical condition. DESCRIPTION Characterised by high fever, together with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and bleeding tendency. Other symptoms and organ involvement vary according to the causative virus. Some important causes other than viral haemorrhagic fevers (VHF) are: severe bacterial infections, pEML (Adult)→
- HaemorrhoidsDescription General Measures Medicine Treatment Referral ICD-10 code: K64.0-5/K64.8-9 DESCRIPTION Varicose veins of the ano-rectal area that are usually accompanied by a history of constipation. Consider a diagnosis of underlying carcinoma in older patients. GENERAL MEASURES High-fibre diet. Counsel against chronic use of laxatives. Avoid straining at stool. MEDICINE TREATMENT Painful haemorrhoidPrimary Care→
- Haemovigilance ProgrammeSANBS Guideline - Updated August 2023Other→