Guidelines
314 entriesNDOH Standard Treatment Guidelines and clinical protocols
- Conjunctivitis, Viral (Pink Eye)ConjunctivitisPrimary Care→
- ConstipationDescription General Measures Medicine Treatment Referral ICD-10 code: K59.0 DESCRIPTION A condition characterised by a change in usual bowel habits, along with dry, hard stools. There is a decreased frequency of bowel action. Constipation may have many causes, including: incorrect diet (insufficient fibre and fluid) lack of exercise pregnancy old age medicines, e.g. opiates and anticholinergics iPrimary Care→
- ConstipationGastrointestinal ConditionsPrimary Care→
- ConstipationAn approach to symptom management to guide decision-making in the management of patients with life-threatening illnessOther→
- ConstipationConstipationOther→
- Constipation - Paediatric Palliative CareDescription General and supportive measures Medicine treatment ICD-10 code: K59.0 DESCRIPTION The infrequent passage of hard stools. See: Constipation/ Faecal Loading . In palliative care, the most frequent causes are drug related (especially opioids), pain, immobility and neurological impairment (e.g. cerebral palsy). GENERAL AND SUPPORTIVE MEASURES Review medications causing constipation.PEML (Paeds)→
- Constipation / Faecal LoadingDescription Diagnostic criteria General and supportive measures Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 code: K59.0 DESCRIPTION Constipation: The infrequent passage of hard stools. This is often due to behavioural retention following previous painful episodes of defaecation (functional constipation), but may also be due to organic causes (metabolic, endocrine, neurogenic, lower bowel abnorPEML (Paeds)→
- Constipation at Primary Care LevelIntroduction Background Important details on history Important details on examination Important special investigations at primary Referral guidance Management guidance at primary care Parental Counselling References SETTING Primary Healthcare Institutions in the Western Cape which refer to Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital (RCWMCH) FOR STAFF Primary Care Nurses and Doctors who refeOther→
- Constipation at Secondary Care LevelIntroduction Background Important details on history Important details on examination Important baseline investigations Referral guidance Management guidance Parental counselling References SETTING Secondary Healthcare Institutions in the Western Cape which refer to Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital (RCWMCH) FOR STAFF Primary and Secondary Doctors and Nurses who refer patients to RCWMCHOther→
- Contextual Critical CareMultidisciplinary team Outreach Non-ICU critical care Rehabilitation Critical care and society Communication with family/surrogate decision makers Data collection Research Audit Multidisciplinary team Critically ill patients should be cared for by a multidisciplinary team including medical practitioners, nursing staff, dieticians, microbiologists, pharmacists, physiotherapists, psychologists, socOther→
- ContraceptionThis booklet is intended as a practical guide to patient care for registrars, medical officers, interns and medical students attached to the gynaecology units at the University of the Witwatersrand Academic Hospitals. Anyone can use it.Other→
- Contraception, Barrier MethodsZ30.0 Condoms (male and female) alone are the least effective contraceptive method and should be used in combination with other contraceptive methods (e.g. copper IUCD). Condoms are recommended to reduce the risk of the acquisition of HIV infection and other STIs. Condoms (male and female) or other barrier methods may be an option for contraception where other methods are contraindicated. Click hPrimary Care→
- Contraception, EmergencyEmergency contraception after pregnancy is excluded Referral Z30.0/Z30.4 Emergency contraception is indicated to prevent pregnancy after unprotected intercourse in women not using contraception or where contraception is likely to be ineffective: Forgotten tablets (See Missed pills (Contraception, hormonal) ) Slipped or broken condom Injectable contraception given late (>2 weeks for NET-EPrimary Care→
- Contraception, HormonalCAUTION Before starting hormonal contraception, advise women about the expected bleeding patterns, both initially and in the longer term. See Subdermal implant (Contraception, hormonal) . See Levonorgestrel intra-uterine device (LNG-IUD) (Contraception, hormonal) . See Injectable (Contraception, hormonal) . See Oral (Contraception, hormonal) . See Missed pills (Contraception, hormonal) . ClPrimary Care→
- Contraception, Teenage Pregnancy And Teratogenicity RisksDescription General and supportive measures Medicine treatment Referral ICD- 10 Code: Z30.9 DESCRIPTION Adolescents are at risk for both sexually transmitted diseases and unintended pregnancy. Healthcare workers need to be supportive of adolescents regardless of whether they are abstinent or sexually active. The foetus may be at risk for teratogenic effects of chronic medications taken by a pregnPEML (Paeds)→
- Contraindications For Initiation or Ongoing Treatment with Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin InfusionContraindications For Initiation or Ongoing Treatment with Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin InfusionOther→
- Contrast-Induced AKIDefine and stage AKI after administration of intravascular contrast media as per Recommendations AKI Definition . (Not Graded) In individuals who develop changes in kidney function after administration of intravascular contrast media, evaluate for CI-AKI as well as for other possible causes of AKI. (Not Graded) Assess the risk for CI-AKI and, in particular, screen for pre-existing impairment of kOther→
- Contributors and AcknowledgementsContributors and AcknowledgementsOther→
- Contributors to this GuidelineContributor Speciality Email Dr. Vindana Chibabhai (Chair) Microbiology vindana.chibabhai@nhls.ac.za Dr. Trusha Nana Microbiology trusha.nana@nhls.ac.za Dr. Marianne Black Microbiology marianne.black@nhls.ac.za Prof. Guy Richards (Reviewer) Internal Medicine Guy.Richards@wits.ac.za Dr. Manoko Seabi Internal Medicine Manoko.Seabi@wits.ac.za Dr Didintle Mokgoko Internal Medicine d.mokgoko@gmOther→
- Controlling the Spread of COVID-19 at Ground CrossingsInterim Guidance 20 May 2020 COVID-19: Travel, Points of Entry and Mass GatheringsOther→
- ConvulsionsAn approach to symptom management to guide decision-making in the management of patients with life-threatening illnessOther→
- Convulsions, Not Febrile ConvulsionsSee section: Seizures. Standard Treatment Guidelines And Essential Medicines List For South Africa, Hospital Level, Paediatrics, 2023 Edition Chapter 1: Emergencies and Trauma, 1.1 Paediatric Emergencies, 1.1.6 Convulsions, Not Febrile ConvulsionsPEML (Paeds)→
- Cooling Of Neonates With Suspected HIE At TCH Guidelines For TreatmentManagement guidelines for students, interns and registrars on a variety of routine and emergency situations in our neonatal service at Tygerberg Children’s Hospital. Published in 2014.Other→
- Corneal Foreign BodyCorneal Foreign BodyOther→
- Corneal UlcerEye ConditionsPrimary Care→
- Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Quick Reference for Health WorkersQuick Reference for Health Workers, Published 27 May 2020Other→
- Coronavirus Disease-19 (Covid-19) in PregnancyStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults, Updated for the 2023 EditionEML (Adult)→
- Correct Techniques of Microbiological SamplingThis guideline aims to assist healthcare workers with antibiotic prescribing for common clinical syndromes in adult patients in South Africa, utilizing Local and International guidelines, key publications, and expert opinion.Other→
- Correct Volumes and Frequency of Feeds (Breastmilk & Formula)IMCI - Counsel the Mother or Caregiver on Infant and Young Child FeedingIMCI→
- CorrosivesCorrosivesOther→
- CostsThis guideline provides an overview of the recommended Adult ADHD assessment steps, differentials to be considered and options for treatment according to the best available evidence based guidelines.Other→
- Cotrimoxazole (Age 2 months up to 5 years)IMCI - Child (Age 2 months up to 5 years)IMCI→
- Cotrimoxazole DesensitisationStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- Cotrimoxazole PoisoningDescription General measures T37.0 + (X44.99/X64.99/Y14.99) DESCRIPTION Acute overdose is associated with a low probability of clinically relevant toxicity. Symptoms include nausea and vomiting, dizziness, headache, and neurological symptoms (such as drowsiness, confusion, and mental depression). Other signs include bone marrow depression, haematuria, and renal insufficiency. Hypersensitivity reaEML (Adult)→
- Cotrimoxazole ProphylaxisPlease click on the link below to access the most up-to-date version of this guideline. The content on this page is currently being updated to align with the latest publication. Always check the version number at the bottom of the screen to confirm which version you are using. Click here to access the Primary Health Care - PHC Chapter 11: Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immune DeficiencPrimary Care→
- CoughAn approach to symptom management to guide decision-making in the management of patients with life-threatening illnessOther→
- Cough or Difficult Breathing and Wheezing (Age 2 months up to 5 years)IMCI - Child (Age 2 months up to 5 years)IMCI→
- Counselling the Caregiver (Age 2 months up to 5 years)IMCI - Child (Age 2 months up to 5 years)IMCI→
- Counselling the Caregiver (Birth up to 2 months)IMCI - Young Infant (Birth up to 2 months)IMCI→
- Cracked nipples during breastfeeding *New*ICD-10 code: O92.1 Description General measures Medicine treatment Referral DESCRIPTION The areola and nipple are protected by the secretion of a lubricant from Montgomery's glands. Cracked nipples may lead to infection and mastitis. Causes of cracked nipples include: poor positioning of the baby and incorrect attachment to the breast. removing the baby from the breast before suction is broken. tPrimary Care→
- Criteria for Releasing COVID-19 Patients from IsolationScientific Brief 17 June 2020Other→
- Critical Care Concepts: SummaryCritical Care ConceptsOther→
- Critical Care Management of Patient Confirmed with COVID-19Guidance documents released by SASA around COVID-19. Published 03 July 2020.Other→
- Critical Care ModelsIntensive care units may be managed as “open” or “closed” units. In an “open” unit, the patient’s primary medical practitioner (e.g. surgeon, physician, obstetrician) is primarily responsible for the decision to admit the patient to ICU and for the patient’s ongoing management in the ICU. In a “closed” unit, the ICU is run by an intensive care doctor (or team of doctors) who makes the decisOther→
- Critical Care Society of Southern Africa Consensus Guideline on ICU triage and rationing (ConICTri)Guidance documents released by SASA around COVID-19Other→
- Critical Care Ventilation Troubleshooting (DOPES)Critical Care Ventilation TroubleshootingOther→
- CroupTreatment guideline for paediatric croupOther→
- Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis) in ChildrenStridor (Upper Airways Obstruction)Primary Care→
- Crush Injury and/or Open fractures (Acute Traumatic Ischemias)Crush Injury and/or Open fractures (Acute Traumatic Ischemias)Other→
- Cryptococcal MeningitisInfection Cryptococcal meningitis Brief outline/clinical setting Common opportunistic pathogen causing meningitis in advanced HIV disease Aetiologies/organisms Cryptococcus neoformans, Cryptococcus gattii Optimal antimicrobial selection Induction: - Amphotericin B deoxycholate 1mg/kg IVI daily + Flucytosine 100mg/kg/day in 4 doses x 1 week - Then fluconazole 1200mg daily x 1 week Consolidation: -Other→