Guidelines
314 entriesNDOH Standard Treatment Guidelines and clinical protocols
- Post-Treatment Follow UpAll patients who successfully complete treatment need to be evaluated twice, 6 and 12 months post-treatment. During these visits a physical examination must be conducted; and a sputum must be collected for TB microscopy and TB culture. Laboratory results must be documented in the patient folder and the electronic treatment register. Individuals may develop various conditions during treatment forOther→
- Postnatal InvestigationThe guidelines recommend management of common obstetric conditions at primary and referral level, based on local experience and evidence-based practice. They are not intended as strict protocols nor as standard operating procedures, but rather as a guide to safe effective management of common obstetric problems. The guidelines should be most useful to interns, medical officers and registrars.Other→
- Postoperative PainPreoperative strategies Intraoperative strategies The postoperative care unit The postoperative prescription Failure to treat postoperative and posttraumatic pain adequately result in increased psychological and physiological stress and contributes to the development of chronic pain. Perioperative clinicians are the most experienced in the management of postoperative pain and their experience inOther→
- Postoperative RecommendationsSASA Arthroplasty Guideline Committee The postoperative period requires a collaborative approach with effective communication between surgeon, nurse, physiotherapist and anaesthetist. Most of the recommendations below are readily achievable even in low resource settings. Patients should be encouraged to eat and drink as soon as they feel ready. 40 All patients should be mobilised at least oOther→
- Postpartum FeverStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults, Updated for the 2023 EditionEML (Adult)→
- Postpartum HaemorrhageStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults, Updated for the 2023 EditionEML (Adult)→
- Postpartum Haemorrhage (PPH)Description General measures Medicine treatment Referral O72.0-3 DESCRIPTION Primary postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is blood loss >500 mL that occurs within 24 hours of birth. Secondary PPH occurs 24 hours to 12 weeks after delivery (late or delayed PPH). The most common cause of primary PPH is an atonic uterus. GENERAL MEASURES Massage fundus and expel clots from vagina. Empty the bladder. TwoPrimary Care→
- Potassium Abnormalities In ICURapid changes in serum potassium result in the critical clinical features, mainly cardiac and therefore, absolute values may not reflect commonly described clinical changes associated with absolute levels, e.g.: children with chronic renal failure may tolerate very high levels of potassium with little clinical effect. Click on image to enlarge Hypokalaemia: See: Diarrhoea, acute . Normal potassiuPEML (Paeds)→
- Practical Allergen Avoidance and Exposure Reduction StrategiesAllergen avoidance and environmental control measures aim to decrease exposure to aeroallergens and irritants to reduce the severity of symptoms (Table 2). 37,38,39,40 The major outdoor allergens are pollens and fungal spores, while the major indoor allergens include HDM, pets, moulds and cockroaches. Avoidance measures can be cumbersome, expensive and not always practical, and hence, allergen seOther→
- Practical Guidelines for the Prevention and Management of Coronavirus Infection in Long Term Care FacilitiesApril 2020Other→
- Practical Management of Paediatric Patients for Anaesthesia during COVID-19Issued 08 June 2020Other→
- Practical Manual for Implementation of the National Infection Prevention and Control Strategic FrameworkPublished 26 March 2020Other→
- Practical proposal for a group anaesthetic practice to prepare for the COVID pandemicGuidance documents released by SASA around COVID-19. Issued on 25 March 2020.Other→
- Practice Recommendations for Sorpion Envenomation (in the Absence of Antivenom)Scope and Purpose Clinical Question: Concise statement describing the clinical dilemma Structured PICO Evidence Synthesis Approach Summary of Evidence and Contextual Considerations - Risk Stratification and Severity Grading - Role of the Poisons Information Helpline in Species Identification - Limitations of Existing Severity Scoring Systems - Differences in Clinical Presentation: Adults vs ChildOther→
- Practice Recommendations for the Use of Tranexamic Acid (TXA) in Paediatric TraumaScope and Purpose Clinical Question: Concise statement describing the clinical dilemma Structured PICO Evidence Synthesis Approach Summary of Evidence and Contextual Considerations - Safety and Pharmacological Profile - Evidence for Use in Paediatric Trauma - Current Practice in the Western Cape - Ethical and Equity Considerations Suggested Dosing and Clinical Use - Indications for Use - Dose andOther→
- Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PREP)Please click on the link below to access the most up-to-date version of this guideline. The content on this page is currently being updated to align with the latest publication. Always check the version number at the bottom of the screen to confirm which version you are using. Click here to access the Primary Health Care - PHC Chapter 11: Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immune DeficiencPrimary Care→
- Pre-TransfusionSANBS Guideline - Updated February 2020Other→
- Pre-Transfusion Checks and ObservationSANBS Guideline - Updated August 2023Other→
- Pre-eclampsiaDescription General measures Medicine treatment Referral O11/O14.0-2/O14.9 DESCRIPTION A systolic BP ≥ 140 and/or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg with proteinuria, after 20 weeks of pregnancy (significant proteinuria defined as ≥ 1+ proteinuria). Pre-eclampsia with severe features is a life-threatening condition and needs urgent stabilisation and referral. The following indicate a higher risk of devPrimary Care→
- Pre-eclampsia and EclampsiaPre-eclampsia & EclampsiaOther→
- Pre-operative PreparationThis booklet is intended as a practical guide to patient care for registrars, medical officers, interns and medical students attached to the gynaecology units at the University of the Witwatersrand Academic Hospitals. Anyone can use it.Other→
- Preamble1. As the Director-General’s report to the Executive Board at its Seventy-ninth session pointed out, 2 human organ transplantation began with a series of experimental studies at the beginning of the twentieth century. The report drew attention to some of the major clinical and scientific advances in the field since Alexis Carrel was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1912 for his pioneering work. SurgicaOther→
- Precocious PubertyThis booklet is intended as a practical guide to patient care for registrars, medical officers, interns and medical students attached to the gynaecology units at the University of the Witwatersrand Academic Hospitals. Anyone can use it.Other→
- Prednisone for Stridor or Recurrent Wheeze (In Clinic) (Age 2 months up to 5 years)IMCI - Child (Age 2 months up to 5 years)IMCI→
- PreeclampsiaStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults, Updated for the 2023 EditionEML (Adult)→
- Preface & AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements PREFACE Tuberculosis (TB), HIV and AIDS are the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the country. Modelling work conducted showed that a combination of interventions implemented at scale is required to reach the 2025 End TB Strategy targets of reducing the TB incidence by 50 per cent and the TB mortality by 75 per cent. It is for this reason that the following interventionsOther→
- Pregnancy, EctopicSee: Ectopic pregnancy . Click here to access the pdf . Standard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Primary Healthcare, 2025-9_Version 1.0_26 March 2026 Chapter 6: Obstetrics and Gynaecology_6.1.1 Pregnancy, EctopicPrimary Care→
- Prelabour Rupture of the MembranesThe guidelines recommend management of common obstetric conditions at primary and referral level, based on local experience and evidence-based practice. They are not intended as strict protocols nor as standard operating procedures, but rather as a guide to safe effective management of common obstetric problems. The guidelines should be most useful to interns, medical officers and registrars.Other→
- Prematurity/Preterm NeonateDescription General and supportive measures Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 code: P07.3 DESCRIPTION Neonate born before 37 completed weeks of pregnancy. GENERAL AND SUPPORTIVE MEASURES Admit unwell/unstable infants to a neonatal high/intensive care facility. Temperature control: Kangaroo mother care: Initiate if baby is well and vital signs are stable. Provide a neutral thermal environmePEML (Paeds)→
- PremedicationStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)This booklet is intended as a practical guide to patient care for registrars, medical officers, interns and medical students attached to the gynaecology units at the University of the Witwatersrand Academic Hospitals. Anyone can use it.Other→
- Preoperative EvaluationDisease specific approach to preoperative special investigations ASA category approach to preoperative special investigations Surgery or patient specific approach to preoperative special investigations Minimum pre-operative investigations American Society of Anaesthesiology grading Application of ASA grading Disease specific approach to preoperative special investigations Patient criterOther→
- Preoperative Fasting Guidelines: for Patients Requiring General Anaesthesia for Elective ProceduresThe Paediatric Anaesthesia Community of South Africa (PACSA) has reviewed and supports the APA-ESPA-ADARPEF ‘Consensus statement on clear fluids fasting for elective pediatric general anesthesia’ along with the accompanying special interest article by Thomas M, Morrison C, Newton R, Schindler E. PACSA endorses this consensus statement, agreeing that 'based on the current convincing evidence,Other→
- Preoperative RecommendationsPreoperative recommendations Recommendations on the day of surgery Preoperative recommendations Prehabilitation This is the process of enhancing an individual’s functional capacity to enable them to withstand a forthcoming stressor, e.g. major surgery. 8-11 This important concept is beyond the scope and focus of these guidelines and there is agreement that this will be difficult to implement univOther→
- Preoperative Screening ToolGuidance documents released by SASA around COVID-19. Issued 04 April 2020.Other→
- Prescribing Information for Specific MedicinesStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- Prescription WritingStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- Presenting with Pain without obvious Signs and SymptomsPresenting with pain without obvious signs and symptomsOther→
- Preseptal and Orbital CellulitisDescription Diagnostic criteria Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 code: H05.019/H05.012 DESCRIPTION Preseptal cellulitis (cellulitis of the tissues anterior to the orbital septum) is generally a mild condition that rarely leads to serious complications, whereas orbital cellulitis (involving the tissues posterior to the orbital septum, including the fat and muscle within the bony orbit) may causePEML (Paeds)→
- Preserving Renal Function and Managing Complications of Renal FailureScreening for CKD must be conducted in high risk individuals at each interaction with the healthcare system. High risk individuals in South Africa include those with: Diabetes Hypertension Urological disorders Family history of renal disease Drug addicts (“tik”, cocaine) HIV-positive individuals. The guidelines that follow are specifically aimed at CKD stages 4 and 5 (Figure 1). Table 2 describesOther→
- Pressure CareAn approach to symptom management to guide decision-making in the management of patients with life-threatening illnessOther→
- Pressure Ulcers/ SoresSee: Pressure ulcers/sores . Click here to access the pdf . Standard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Primary Healthcare, 2020-2024_Version 1.0_07 November 2024 Chapter 22: Medicines Used in Palliative Care_22.5 Pressure Ulcers/SoresPrimary Care→
- Pressure Ulcers/ SoresPressure Ulcers/SoresPrimary Care→
- Preterm LabourThe guidelines recommend management of common obstetric conditions at primary and referral level, based on local experience and evidence-based practice. They are not intended as strict protocols nor as standard operating procedures, but rather as a guide to safe effective management of common obstetric problems. The guidelines should be most useful to interns, medical officers and registrars.Other→
- Preterm Labour (PTL) and Preterm Prelabour Rupture of Membranes (PPROM)Preterm labour (PTL) Preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (PPROM) Prelabour rupture of membranes at term (PROM) PRETERM LABOUR (PTL) O60.0 DESCRIPTION Regular painful contractions: 3 per 10 minutes, occurring < 37 weeks of gestation. Note: Women with a previous spontaneous preterm delivery are at higher risk for preterm delivery in the next pregnancy. Refer the following high-risk casePrimary Care→
- Preterm Labour (PTL) and Preterm Prelabour Rupture of Membranes (PPROM)Standard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults, Updated for the 2023 EditionEML (Adult)→
- PrevalenceThis guideline provides an overview of the recommended Adult ADHD assessment steps, differentials to be considered and options for treatment according to the best available evidence based guidelines.Other→
- Prevalence & PerceptionsPrevalence Parental involvement and perceptions Prevalence The prevalence of NE decreases with increasing age. [7] Reviews conducted in Western countries revealed a prevalence of 8% among 7-year-olds, 3% among 11 - 12-year-olds, and 0.8% among 16-year-olds. [8] Higher rates of enuresis are seen in less developed countries owing to lower socioeconomic status, lack of efficient enuresis treatment,Other→
- Prevent and Treat Low Blood Sugar - Hypoglycaemia (Age 2 months up to 5 years)IMCI - Child (Age 2 months up to 5 years)IMCI→
- Prevent and Treat Low Blood Sugar - Hypoglycaemia (Birth up to 2 months)IMCI - Young Infant (Birth up to 2 months)IMCI→