Guidelines
223 entriesNDOH Standard Treatment Guidelines and clinical protocols
- Septic MiscarriageInfection Septic miscarriage Brief outline/clinical setting Infection of the uterus and products of conception. Infection occurs shortly before after abortion Aetiologies/organisms Group B Streptococci, Enterococci, E.coli, other enteric bacteria Optimal antimicrobial selection Amoxicillin- clavulanate 1.2g ivi 8hrly Duration Dependant on culture results Alternative if allergic/not available ForOther→
- Septicaemia of the NewbornDescription Diagnostic criteria General and supportive measures Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 code: P36.9 DESCRIPTION Bacterial or fungal invasion of blood before or after birth, which may spread to involve other organs/systems, e.g. meninges (meningitis), lungs (pneumonia), bone (osteomyelitis), and kidneys (pyelonephritis). DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA Clinical The baby usually presents withPEML (Paeds)→
- Seronegative SpondylarthritisStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- Service Provision and Collaborative CareThe ideal model for palliative care in CKD Critical elements of creating a renal supportive clinic The ideal model for palliative care in CKD [16] Healthcare utilisation in advanced CKD is high [50] . There are limited data on the cost-effectiveness of renal supportive care frameworks [51] ; however, there is more solid evidence for other illness, such as cancer [50] . Supportive care may reduceOther→
- Services Provided (Inpatient and Outpatient Care)District level hospital guidelines applicable for interns and comm service doctors. Published in 2016Other→
- Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM)Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM)Other→
- Severe Hyperglycaemia (Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) & Hyperosmolar Hyperglycaemic State (HHS))Diabetic EmergenciesPrimary Care→
- Severe PneumoniaPneumonia in AdultsPrimary Care→
- Severe Tuberculosis DiseaseIndications Includes more serious pulmonary TB, such as smear-positive TB, cavitatory pulmonary TB, bronchopneumonic TB, extensive (multiple lobes involved) pulmonary TB disease, and tuberculous empyema. Includes all HIV/TB co-infected cases. Includes extrapulmonary TB, e.g. spinal, osteo-articular or abdominal TB. However: Exclude TB meningitis and miliary TB. Dosing: Weigh at each visit and adjPEML (Paeds)→
- Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) *New*Complicated SAM Uncomplicated SAM ICD-10 codes: E40 / E41 / E42 / E43 DESCRIPTION Diagnostic criteria for SAM in children aged 6 - 60 months (any one of the following): Click on table to enlarge Where a suitable measuring device is not available the following less sensitive findings would also indicate the need to manage as severe acute malnutrition: Severe underweight WHZ < -3 (usuallyPrimary Care→
- Severity Classification & Differential DiagnosisClassification of severity Differential diagnosis Classification of severity In SA, the Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines are widely applied 9 , 17 despite the recognition of some weaknesses. 26,27 These guidelines divide symptoms into intermittent or persistent and severity into mild or moderate-severe (Figure 1). 7,9 Click on the image to enlarge Source : From GreinerOther→
- Sexual AssaultInvestigations General measures Medicine treatment ICD-10 code: T74.2 + (Y05.0-99) INVESTIGATIONS Urine pregnancy test. Blood for: - Syphilis serology - HIV - Hepatitis B if no history of previous Hep B immunisation GENERAL MEASURES Trauma counselling and completion of J88 forms. Examination under anaesthesia may be required for adequate forensic sample collection, or repair of genital tracEML (Adult)→
- Sexual AssaultThis booklet is intended as a practical guide to patient care for registrars, medical officers, interns and medical students attached to the gynaecology units at the University of the Witwatersrand Academic Hospitals. Anyone can use it.Other→
- Sexually Transmitted InfectionsThe guidelines recommend management of common obstetric conditions at primary and referral level, based on local experience and evidence-based practice. They are not intended as strict protocols nor as standard operating procedures, but rather as a guide to safe effective management of common obstetric problems. The guidelines should be most useful to interns, medical officers and registrars.Other→
- Sexually Transmitted InfectionsSexually Transmitted InfectionsPrimary Care→
- Sexually Transmitted InfectionsThis guideline aims to assist healthcare workers with antibiotic prescribing for common clinical syndromes in adult patients in South Africa, utilizing Local and International guidelines, key publications, and expert opinion.Other→
- Shingles (Herpes Zoster)Description General Measures Medicine Treatment Referral ICD-10 codes: B02.0-3/B02.7-9 DESCRIPTION Dermatomal eruption of vesicles on an erythematous base due to varicella zoster virus (lies dormant in nerve ganglia following chickenpox). GENERAL MEASURES Isolate patient from immunocompromised or pregnant non-immune individuals (who may develop severe chickenpox). Offer HIV test, especiallyPrimary Care→
- ShockDescription Diagnostic criteria General and supportive measures Medical treatment ICD-10 Code: R57.9 DESCRIPTION An acute syndrome that reflects the inability of the pulmonary and circulatory system to provide adequate perfusion, oxygen and nutrients to meet physiological and metabolic demands. Compensation is achieved by increased pulse rate, and peripheral vascular constrictioPEML (Paeds)→
- ShockDescription Emergency Treatment Referral ICD-10 code: R57.0-2/R57.8-9/T79.4/T78.2/Y57.9 DESCRIPTION Shock is a life-threatening condition characterised by any evidence of inadequate organ perfusion. Signs and symptoms of shock in adults Low blood pressure (systolic BP < 80 mmHg) is the key sign of shock Weak and rapid pulse Rapid shallow breathing Low urine output Restlessness and altered mentPrimary Care→
- ShockDescription General measures Medicine treatment Fluid therapy for shock Vasoactive medicines for shock ICD-10 code: R57 Description Shock is defined as a state where perfusion is inadequate to meet the metabolic needs at a cellular level. There are various forms of shock each requiring their own specific treatment. LoE: IVb iii General Measures The therapeutic aim for all types of shock is to resEML (Adult)→
- Shock, Sepsis and the Unconscious PatientShock, Sepsis & the Unconscious PatientOther→
- Shock: Paediatric Emergency ManagementGuidance on Paediatric Shock Emergency ManagementOther→
- Shoulder DislocationThe glenohumeral joint (GHJ) is the most commonly dislocated major joint in the body. The lack of intrinsic bony stability in conjunction with its wide range of motion predisposes the joint to dislocations.Other→
- Sickle Cell Disease GuidelinesSickle Cell Disease GuidelinesOther→
- Side Effect from Chronic Pain MedicationStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- Side Effects and Complications of ARTPlease click on the link below to access the most up-to-date version of this guideline. The content on this page is currently being updated to align with the latest publication. Always check the version number at the bottom of the screen to confirm which version you are using. Click here to access the Primary Health Care - PHC Chapter 11: Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immune DeficiencPrimary Care→
- Side Effects from Oncology Treatment AgentStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- Side Effects from Radiation and ChemotherapyStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- Side-Effect Profile of HIF-PHIsCardiovascular Events Thromboembolic Events Progression of Kidney Disease Hypertension and Hyperkalaemia Malignancy Retinopathy Cardiovascular Events Cardiovascular safety of HIF-PHIs in non-dialysis dependent CKD has not been definitively established ( Table 3 ). In contrast, with regards to cardiovascular events HIF-PHIs appear to be non inferior to conventional ESA in CKD patients on dialysis.Other→
- Side-Effects of ARTIMCI - Anti-retroviral therapy (ART)IMCI→
- SilicosisWho TPT should be offered to TPT should be deferred or not offered if the individual Management of TPT for people with silicosis People with confirmed silicosis have a significant risk for developing TB disease and require initial TPT regardless of significant exposure. After new TB exposure, TB evaluation is again required along with a decision to offer TPT or TB treatment (see Section 4 - AdultOther→
- SinusitisInfection Sinusitis Brief outline/clinical setting Sinusitis refers to inflammation of the sinuses. Acute sinusitis is commonly caused by respiratory viruses, which then predisposes to secondary bacterial infection. Allergy, trauma and dental infection may also predispose to acute bacterial sinusitis. Indications for antibiotics in patients with acute bacterial sinusitis include: Symptoms &Other→
- Sinusitis, Acute, BacterialEar, Nose and Throat ConditionsPrimary Care→
- Sinusitis, Bacterial, ComplicatedStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- Sinusitis, ComplicatedSinusitis, complicatedPEML (Paeds)→
- Skin and Mucosal Disorders in HIVSkin and mucosal disorders are more severe in immune suppressed (HIV-infected) patients and may be worsened by IRIS. HIV may present initially with skin or mucosal lesions, or these lesions may develop during the course of the illness. Lesions respond to antiretroviral therapy together with treatment for the specific skin and/or mucosal disorder. Skin eruptions or rashes are relatively common inPEML (Paeds)→
- Skin and Soft Tissue InfectionsThis guideline aims to assist healthcare workers with antibiotic prescribing for common clinical syndromes in adult patients in South Africa, utilizing Local and International guidelines, key publications, and expert opinion.Other→
- Snake BitesDescription General measures Medicine treatment Cytotoxic and neurotoxic snakebite Boomslang snake bite Snake venom in the eye T63.0 + (X20.99/W59.99) DESCRIPTION In the majority of snakebite incidents, the offending snake is not identified. The table below illustrates the three main envenomation syndromes seen in South Africa: cytotoxic, neurotoxic and haemotoxic. Snake species Envenomation syndEML (Adult)→
- Snake Venom in the EyeDescription General measures Referral ICD-10 code: S05.9 + (X20.99) DESCRIPTION Direct or indirect snake venom exposure to the eye, particularly from various species of spitting cobras and rinkhals, can cause chemical injury with varying clinical presentations ranging from periocular swelling and mild conjunctival and corneal inflammation to frank corneal ulceration and perforation with evePEML (Paeds)→
- SnakebiteDescription Diagnostic criteria General and supportive measures Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 code: T63.0 DESCRIPTION The effects of snakebites may be cytotoxic, neurotoxic and/or haemotoxic. The overall effect is determined by the predominant toxin in the snake venom. In the majority of cases, the species of snake is unknown. The patients can be divided into: no evidence of bite, no ePEML (Paeds)→
- Snakebite EmergenciesThis guideline was approved in December 2014 and will be reviewed in December 2016, or sooner if important evidence becomes available.Other→
- SnakebitesDescription General Measures Medical Treatment Referral ICD-10 code: T63.0 + (X20.99/W59.99) DESCRIPTION Of all the snake species found in South Africa less than 10% are potentially harmful to humans. However, all snakebites should be considered dangerous until proven otherwise. In the majority of snakebite incidents, the offending snake is not identified. South African poisonous snPrimary Care→
- Soft Tissue InjuriesDescription Emergency Management Management of Wounds and Lacerations Medicine Treatment Referral ICD-10 code: T14.0-1/T14.9 DESCRIPTION Injuries may be minor, moderate or major: Major injuries: it is important to recognise potentially life-threatening injuries. Indicators of such injuries are: Mechanism of injury: motor vehicle collision at speed exceeding 60 km/hour, ejecPrimary Care→
- Soft Tissue InjuriesSee Primary Health Care STGs and EML; Soft tissue injuries . Click here for the pdf . Standard Treatment Guidelines And Essential Medicines List For South Africa, Adult Hospital level, 2020-4_Version 1_June 2024 Chapter 20: Emergencies and InjuriesEML (Adult)→
- Soft Tissue NeoplasmSoft Tissue NeoplasmOther→
- Soft Tissue Sepsis and Necrotising FasciitisSoft Tissue Sepsis and Necrotising FasciitisOther→
- Somerset Hospital Weekly ScheduleSomerset Hospital weekly scheduleOther→
- Soothe the Throat, Relieve the CoughIMCI - Child (Age 2 months up to 5 years)IMCI→
- South African Guidelines on the Determination of DeathGeneral statements Definitions Brain death Circulatory death Organ donation Training and documentation Strengths and limitations Conclusion General statements Death is the clinical point of irreversible loss of the capacity for consciousness and the irreversible loss of the capacity to breathe. [16] Death is determined by either neurological or circulatory criteria and must be made in accordanceOther→
- South African National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey-1 (SANHANES-1)South African National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey-1 (SANHANES-1)Other→