Guidelines
3,191 entriesNDOH Standard Treatment Guidelines and clinical protocols
- Secondary Postpartum HaemorrhageThe guidelines recommend management of common obstetric conditions at primary and referral level, based on local experience and evidence-based practice. They are not intended as strict protocols nor as standard operating procedures, but rather as a guide to safe effective management of common obstetric problems. The guidelines should be most useful to interns, medical officers and registrars.Other→
- SedationDescription General measures Description Most patients may not require routine sedation, however, patients with the following conditions may require pharmacological sedation: severe acute respiratory failure status epilepticus raised intracranial pressure/ traumatic brain injury status asthmaticus General Measures For patients whom sedation is indicated, a combination with analgesia (analgo-sedatEML (Adult)→
- Sedation in Intensive CareStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- Sedation in Palliative CareStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- Sedation in Palliative CareStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- Sedation of an Acutely Disturbed Child or AdolescentSedation of an Acutely Disturbed Child or AdolescentsPEML (Paeds)→
- Sedation, Introduction (Y47.9)Sedation (Y47.9)EML (Adult)→
- Sedative Hypnotic PoisoningBenzodiazepine poisoning Lithium poisoning BENZODIAZEPINE POISONING T42.4 + (X41.99/X61.99/Y11.99) DESCRIPTION Patients present with depressed levels of consciousness, confusion, ataxia, and dysarthria. Benzodiazepines are unlikely to cause significant respiratory depression unless co-ingested with alcohol or other CNS depressants. However, there is a risk of respiratory depression due to ovEML (Adult)→
- Seizures and Status EpilepticusDescription General Measures Medicine Treatment Referral ICD-10 code: G41.0-2/G41.8-9 For description and general measures of seizures, See: Seizures . DESCRIPTION This is a medical emergency and has the potential for causing high mortality. Status epilepticus is a series of seizures following one another lasting >30 minutes with no intervening periods of recovery of consciousness. ThePrimary Care→
- Seizures, NeonatalDescription Diagnostic criteria General and supportive measures Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 code: P90 DESCRIPTION Neonatal seizures are usually secondary to a serum biochemical disorder or an underlying brain disturbance/injury/malformation. Seizures may be subtle due to the relatively underdeveloped cortex. Seizures persist when limbs are flexed (as opposed to jitteriness). The mostPEML (Paeds)→
- Selection for PDEvaluation of the parent/caregiver Contraindications to chronic PD It is important to evaluate the family’s socio-economic and psychological background to determine the ability of the family to cope with the burden of care associated with the provision of chronic home treatment on a daily basis. In addition the level of education of the caregiver/parent is equally important. Evaluation of thOther→
- Selection of Healthcare ProvidersSelection of Healthcare ProvidersOther→
- Self-QuizSANBS Guideline - Updated August 2023Other→
- Senior Staff Duties and ResponsibilitiesDistrict level hospital guidelines applicable for interns and comm service doctors. Published in 2016Other→
- Sensory Organs ATC Code S01LA04 Medicine Ranibizumab Indication Sub-retinal neovascular membranes and non resolving macular odema NEMLC Recommendation Not Approved Bevacizumab to be agent for this indication Review Indicators None Date Ratified 10 December 2015 National Essential Medicines List Committee (NEMLC) Tertiary and Quaternary Level Essential Medicines List November 2023Other→
- SepsisDescription Diagnostic criteria General and supportive measures Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 code: A41.9 For neonatal sepsis, see: Septicaemia of the newborn . DESCRIPTION Severe sepsis is an uncontrolled inflammatory response as a result of suspected or proven infection. DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA Clinical A systemic inflammatory response with at least two of the following four criteria, onPEML (Paeds)→
- Sepsis in ICUInitial Resuscitation Haemodynamic Support Antimicrobial Therapy Adjunctive Therapy Initial Resuscitation Medicine Treatment Balanced-salt solution crystalloid, IV, 30ml/kg over 3 hours. Aim for an initial haemodynamic target of MAP >65mmHg. Further fluid challenge should be guided by one or more of the following: Dynamic markers of fluid responsiveness, e.g. passive leg raising, pulseEML (Adult)→
- Sepsis in ICU - IntroductionICD-10 code: A41.9 Definition Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Organ dysfunction is defined as an acute increase in SOFA (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment) score of at least 2 points. Patients with sepsis have a significantly higher mortality than those with an infection without sepsis. LoE:IVb liv Septic shock iEML (Adult)→
- Sepsis in an Adult with Recent HospitalisationInfection Sepsis in an adult with Recent hospitalisation Brief outline/clinical setting Patients with recent hospitalisation (<6 weeks prior) at higher risk of infection due to drug resistant pathogens Patient has signs of organ dysfunction and requires admission Aetiologies/organisms S.aureus, E.coli, K.pneumoniae, E.cloacae, Proteus spp, Enterococcus spp, These organisms may harbour resistanOther→
- Septic MiscarriageInfection Septic miscarriage Brief outline/clinical setting Infection of the uterus and products of conception. Infection occurs shortly before after abortion Aetiologies/organisms Group B Streptococci, Enterococci, E.coli, other enteric bacteria Optimal antimicrobial selection Amoxicillin- clavulanate 1.2g ivi 8hrly Duration Dependant on culture results Alternative if allergic/not available ForOther→
- Septicaemia of the NewbornDescription Diagnostic criteria General and supportive measures Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 code: P36.9 DESCRIPTION Bacterial or fungal invasion of blood before or after birth, which may spread to involve other organs/systems, e.g. meninges (meningitis), lungs (pneumonia), bone (osteomyelitis), and kidneys (pyelonephritis). DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA Clinical The baby usually presents withPEML (Paeds)→
- Seronegative SpondylarthritisStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- Service Provision and Collaborative CareThe ideal model for palliative care in CKD Critical elements of creating a renal supportive clinic The ideal model for palliative care in CKD [16] Healthcare utilisation in advanced CKD is high [50] . There are limited data on the cost-effectiveness of renal supportive care frameworks [51] ; however, there is more solid evidence for other illness, such as cancer [50] . Supportive care may reduceOther→
- Services Provided (Inpatient and Outpatient Care)District level hospital guidelines applicable for interns and comm service doctors. Published in 2016Other→
- Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM)Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM)Other→
- Severe Hyperglycaemia (Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) & Hyperosmolar Hyperglycaemic State (HHS))Diabetic EmergenciesPrimary Care→
- Severe PneumoniaPneumonia in AdultsPrimary Care→
- Severe Tuberculosis DiseaseIndications Includes more serious pulmonary TB, such as smear-positive TB, cavitatory pulmonary TB, bronchopneumonic TB, extensive (multiple lobes involved) pulmonary TB disease, and tuberculous empyema. Includes all HIV/TB co-infected cases. Includes extrapulmonary TB, e.g. spinal, osteo-articular or abdominal TB. However: Exclude TB meningitis and miliary TB. Dosing: Weigh at each visit and adjPEML (Paeds)→
- Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) *New*Complicated SAM Uncomplicated SAM ICD-10 codes: E40 / E41 / E42 / E43 DESCRIPTION Diagnostic criteria for SAM in children aged 6 - 60 months (any one of the following): Click on table to enlarge Where a suitable measuring device is not available the following less sensitive findings would also indicate the need to manage as severe acute malnutrition: Severe underweight WHZ < -3 (usuallyPrimary Care→
- Severity Classification & Differential DiagnosisClassification of severity Differential diagnosis Classification of severity In SA, the Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines are widely applied 9 , 17 despite the recognition of some weaknesses. 26,27 These guidelines divide symptoms into intermittent or persistent and severity into mild or moderate-severe (Figure 1). 7,9 Click on the image to enlarge Source : From GreinerOther→
- Sexual AssaultThis booklet is intended as a practical guide to patient care for registrars, medical officers, interns and medical students attached to the gynaecology units at the University of the Witwatersrand Academic Hospitals. Anyone can use it.Other→
- Sexual AssaultInvestigations General measures Medicine treatment ICD-10 code: T74.2 + (Y05.0-99) INVESTIGATIONS Urine pregnancy test. Blood for: - Syphilis serology - HIV - Hepatitis B if no history of previous Hep B immunisation GENERAL MEASURES Trauma counselling and completion of J88 forms. Examination under anaesthesia may be required for adequate forensic sample collection, or repair of genital tracEML (Adult)→
- Sexually Transmitted InfectionsThis guideline aims to assist healthcare workers with antibiotic prescribing for common clinical syndromes in adult patients in South Africa, utilizing Local and International guidelines, key publications, and expert opinion.Other→
- Sexually Transmitted InfectionsSexually Transmitted InfectionsPrimary Care→
- Sexually Transmitted InfectionsThe guidelines recommend management of common obstetric conditions at primary and referral level, based on local experience and evidence-based practice. They are not intended as strict protocols nor as standard operating procedures, but rather as a guide to safe effective management of common obstetric problems. The guidelines should be most useful to interns, medical officers and registrars.Other→
- Shingles (Herpes Zoster)Description General Measures Medicine Treatment Referral ICD-10 codes: B02.0-3/B02.7-9 DESCRIPTION Dermatomal eruption of vesicles on an erythematous base due to varicella zoster virus (lies dormant in nerve ganglia following chickenpox). GENERAL MEASURES Isolate patient from immunocompromised or pregnant non-immune individuals (who may develop severe chickenpox). Offer HIV test, especiallyPrimary Care→
- ShockDescription Diagnostic criteria General and supportive measures Medical treatment ICD-10 Code: R57.9 DESCRIPTION An acute syndrome that reflects the inability of the pulmonary and circulatory system to provide adequate perfusion, oxygen and nutrients to meet physiological and metabolic demands. Compensation is achieved by increased pulse rate, and peripheral vascular constrictioPEML (Paeds)→
- ShockDescription Emergency Treatment Referral ICD-10 code: R57.0-2/R57.8-9/T79.4/T78.2/Y57.9 DESCRIPTION Shock is a life-threatening condition characterised by any evidence of inadequate organ perfusion. Signs and symptoms of shock in adults Low blood pressure (systolic BP < 80 mmHg) is the key sign of shock Weak and rapid pulse Rapid shallow breathing Low urine output Restlessness and altered mentPrimary Care→
- ShockDescription General measures Medicine treatment Fluid therapy for shock Vasoactive medicines for shock ICD-10 code: R57 Description Shock is defined as a state where perfusion is inadequate to meet the metabolic needs at a cellular level. There are various forms of shock each requiring their own specific treatment. LoE: IVb iii General Measures The therapeutic aim for all types of shock is to resEML (Adult)→
- Shock, Sepsis and the Unconscious PatientShock, Sepsis & the Unconscious PatientOther→
- Shock: Paediatric Emergency ManagementGuidance on Paediatric Shock Emergency ManagementOther→
- Shoulder DislocationThe glenohumeral joint (GHJ) is the most commonly dislocated major joint in the body. The lack of intrinsic bony stability in conjunction with its wide range of motion predisposes the joint to dislocations.Other→
- Sickle Cell Disease GuidelinesSickle Cell Disease GuidelinesOther→
- Side Effect from Chronic Pain MedicationStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- Side Effects and Complications of ARTPlease click on the link below to access the most up-to-date version of this guideline. The content on this page is currently being updated to align with the latest publication. Always check the version number at the bottom of the screen to confirm which version you are using. Click here to access the Primary Health Care - PHC Chapter 11: Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immune DeficiencPrimary Care→
- Side Effects from Oncology Treatment AgentStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- Side Effects from Radiation and ChemotherapyStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- Side-Effect Profile of HIF-PHIsCardiovascular Events Thromboembolic Events Progression of Kidney Disease Hypertension and Hyperkalaemia Malignancy Retinopathy Cardiovascular Events Cardiovascular safety of HIF-PHIs in non-dialysis dependent CKD has not been definitively established ( Table 3 ). In contrast, with regards to cardiovascular events HIF-PHIs appear to be non inferior to conventional ESA in CKD patients on dialysis.Other→
- Side-Effects of ARTIMCI - Anti-retroviral therapy (ART)IMCI→
- SilicosisWho TPT should be offered to TPT should be deferred or not offered if the individual Management of TPT for people with silicosis People with confirmed silicosis have a significant risk for developing TB disease and require initial TPT regardless of significant exposure. After new TB exposure, TB evaluation is again required along with a decision to offer TPT or TB treatment (see Section 4 - AdultOther→