Guidelines
170 entriesNDOH Standard Treatment Guidelines and clinical protocols
- How to Use These GuidelinesHow to Use these GuidelinesPrimary Care→
- Human BitesDescription Medicine Treatment Referral ICD-10 code: S01.0-9/S11.0-2/S11.7-9/S21.0-2/S21.7-9/S31.0-5/S31.7-8/S41.0-1/S41.7-8/S51.0/S51.7-9/S61.0- 1/S61.7-9/S71.0-1/S71.7-8/S81.0/S81.7-9/S91.0-3/S91.7/T01.0-3/T01.6/T01.8- 9/T09.1/T11.1/T13.1/T14.0-1 + External Cause Code (W,X,Y,Z) DESCRIPTION Human bites may be accidental or intentional (form of assault). Human bites may result in:&nbPrimary Care→
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus InfectionsDescription Diagnostic Criteria ICD-10 codes: B20-24 Comprehensive guidelines are available for ART and the care of children with HIV infection in the 2023 ART Clinical Guidelines for the Management of HIV in Adults, Pregnancy and Breastfeeding, Adolescents, Children, Infants and Neonates . 1 DESCRIPTION Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a retrovirus infecting immune cells, especiallyPEML (Paeds)→
- Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV): Sexual Abuse or Not?Rainbow Clinic for Abused Children, April 2020Other→
- Human papillomavirus vaccinesHuman papillomavirus vaccinesOther→
- Hydatid DiseaseDescription General measures Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 code: B67.0-9 DESCRIPTION Cysts of E. granulosus , acquired from ingestion of helminth ova passed out in dog faeces, particularly in sheep-farming areas. Cysts may occur in any organ but are most commonly found in the liver and lungs. GENERAL MEASURES Definitive treatment with surgery or PAIR ( P ercutaneous A spiration I njectEML (Adult)→
- Hydatid DiseaseDescription Diagnostic criteria General and supportive measures Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 code: B67 DESCRIPTION The development of hydatid ( Echinococcus granulosus ) cysts follows ingestion of worm ova that are usually passed in the stools of dogs in sheep farming areas. Cysts may occur in any organ, but are most commonly found in the liver and lungs. DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA Typical rPEML (Paeds)→
- Hydrocarbon PoisoningDescription General measures Medicine treatment T52.0 + (X46.99/X66.99/Y16.99) Note: This section does not include information on aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g. benzene, toluene, xylene) often used by glue sniffers to get high. DESCRIPTION Poisoning due to petroleum products, including paraffin, turpentine, petrol, and mineral spirits. Clinical signs include: chemical pneumonitis nausea and vomitingEML (Adult)→
- Hyper-cyanotic SpellsGuideline to the approach to hyper-cyanotic spellsOther→
- Hyperbaric Oxygen TherapyHyperbaric Oxygen TherapyOther→
- Hyperbilirubinaemia, ConjugatedGeneral and supportive measures Medicine treatment Surgical treatment Referral Hepatocellular disease Bile duct obstruction - hepatitis* - total parenteral nutrition* - syphilis - other congenital infections - galactosaemia* - bile duct hypoplasia/atresia* - choledochal cyst - cystic fibrosis * May cause prolonged neonatal jaundice. Conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia is due to intra/extPEML (Paeds)→
- Hyperbilirubinaemia, UnconjugatedGeneral and supportive measures Phototherapy Medicine treatment Excessive haemolysis Defective conjugation - ABO incompatibility - rhesus disease - enclosed haemorrhages - polycythaemia - infections* - spherocytosis - G6PD deficiency - prematurity - infection - hypoxia - hypoglycaemia - hypothyroidism* - breast milk jaundice* * may cause prolonged neonatal jaundice. GENERAL AND SUPPORTIVEPEML (Paeds)→
- HypercalcaemiaAn approach to symptom management to guide decision-making in the management of patients with life-threatening illnessOther→
- HypercalcaemiaHypercalcaemiaOther→
- Hypercalcaemia, including Primary HyperparathyroidismStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- Hyperemesis GravidarumHyperemesis GravidarumOther→
- Hyperemesis GravidarumStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults, Updated for the 2023 EditionEML (Adult)→
- Hyperemesis GravidarumThis booklet is intended as a practical guide to patient care for registrars, medical officers, interns and medical students attached to the gynaecology units at the University of the Witwatersrand Academic Hospitals. Anyone can use it.Other→
- HyperglycaemiaICD-10 code: R73.9 DESCRIPTION Critical illness is a state of metabolic stress associated with elevated serum catecholamines and is often associated with the use of continuous feeding. Hence the target blood glucose is 4–10 mmol/L. Serum glucose > 10 mmol/L is common, occurring in up to 20% of critically ill children. Clinical significance Increased morbidity and mortality. Osmotic diurePEML (Paeds)→
- Hyperglycaemic EmergenciesHyperglycaemic EmergenciesOther→
- HyperkalaemiaStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- HyperkalaemiaHyperkalaemiaPEML (Paeds)→
- HyperkalaemiaHyperkalaemiaOther→
- Hyperkalaemia - Emergency Management in ChildrenManagement of HyperkalaemiaOther→
- HypernatraemiaStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- HypernatraemiaHypernatraemiaOther→
- HypertensionStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- HypertensionHypertension in type 2 Diabetes MellitusOther→
- Hypertension in AdultsHypertensionPrimary Care→
- Hypertension in ChildrenHypertensionPrimary Care→
- Hypertension in ChildrenDescription Diagnostic criteria General and supportive measures ICD-10 code: I10 DESCRIPTION Hypertension is defined as systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ the 95th percentile for gender, age and height percentile on at least three consecutive occasions. A sustained blood pressure of > 130/90 mmHg in a child older than 13 years is defined as hypertension. Measure blood pressPEML (Paeds)→
- Hypertension in DiabetesCardiovascular Risk in DiabetesPrimary Care→
- Hypertension, Acute SevereGeneral and supportive measures Medicine treatment Urgent referral ICD-10 code: I10 For acute or chronic hypertension, blood pressure needs to be lowered cautiously. Initiate medicines for sustained control as soon as possible to maintain the effect when the emergency measures are discontinued. Rate of BP reduction depends upon starting BP and age of the child. In the absence of central nerPEML (Paeds)→
- Hypertension, ChronicDescription Diagnostic criteria General and supportive measures Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 code: I10 DESCRIPTION Primary/Essential hypertension Occurs most commonly in adolescents. The patient is often asymptomatic and well. It is diagnosed by excluding underlying causes of hypertension. Hypertension is confirmed by sustained high blood pressure measured on 3 follow-up occasions. ChPEML (Paeds)→
- Hypertension: Postpartum CareThe guidelines recommend management of common obstetric conditions at primary and referral level, based on local experience and evidence-based practice. They are not intended as strict protocols nor as standard operating procedures, but rather as a guide to safe effective management of common obstetric problems. The guidelines should be most useful to interns, medical officers and registrars.Other→
- Hypertensive Disorders in PregnancyStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults, Updated for the 2023 EditionEML (Adult)→
- Hypertensive Disorders in PregnancyDescription Referral DESCRIPTION Hypertension in pregnancy, pre-eclampsia and eclampsia may have very serious and fatal consequences for both the mother and the baby. Hypertension is defined by: A systolic BP ≥ 140 and/or a diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg measured on 2 occasions, 4 hours apart. OR A systolic BP ≥ 160 and/or a diastolic BP ≥ 110 mmHg measured on a single occasion. (Always measure BP in thePrimary Care→
- Hypertensive EmergencyHypertensive EmergencyPrimary Care→
- HyperthyroidismStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- Hyperthyroidism in AdultsHyperthyroidismPrimary Care→
- Hyperthyroidism in Children and AdolescentsHyperthyroidismPrimary Care→
- Hyperthyroidism, Graves DiseaseDescription Diagnostic criteria Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 Code: E05.9 / E05.0 DESCRIPTION Hyperthyroidism is a pathological syndrome in which tissue is exposed to excessive amounts of circulating thyroid hormones. The most common cause is Grave’s disease, although thyroiditis may also present with thyrotoxicosis. DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA Clinical Poor school performance. Warm moist hands. TacPEML (Paeds)→
- HypocalcaemiaHypocalcaemiaOther→
- HypocalcaemiaStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- Hypocalcaemia in ChildrenDescription Diagnostic criteria Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 Code: E83.5 DESCRIPTION The main causes of hypocalcaemia in children are: vitamin D deficiency, calcium deficiency, magnesium deficiency, reduced parathyroid hormone production or resistance, impaired renal function, and hyperventilation. DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA Clinical Signs and symptoms of tetany include: paraesthesia, positiPEML (Paeds)→
- Hypocalcaemic, NeonatalDescription Diagnostic criteria Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 code: P71.1 DESCRIPTION Acute symptomatic hypocalcaemia may present within the first 72 hours of birth (early hypocalcaemia) or after 72 hours of birth (late hypocalcaemia) with apnoea, irritability, seizures, jitteriness or prolonged QTc interval on ECG. Causes of early hypocalcaemia include: Prematurity. Respiratory distrePEML (Paeds)→
- HypoglycaemiaManagement of Hypoglycaemia in Children in Emergency CentresOther→
- HypoglycaemiaHypoglycaemia in type 2 DiabetesOther→
- HypoglycaemiaThe target blood glucose of critically ill children is 4–10 mmol/L. It is essential to check the blood glucose of all critically ill children as hypoglycaemia (< 3.5 mmol/L) is an emergency. Immediate treatment is with an IV glucose bolus and depends on the nature of the available IV access. Peripheral line: 5 mL/kg of a 10% dextrose solution. Central line: 2 mL/kg of a 25% dextrose solution.PEML (Paeds)→
- Hypoglycaemia In DiabeticsDiabetic EmergenciesPrimary Care→