Guidelines
314 entriesNDOH Standard Treatment Guidelines and clinical protocols
- Peripheral NeuropathyCentral Nervous System ConditionsPrimary Care→
- Peritoneal DialysisSuitable Candidates Equipment and Resources Preparation for Peritoneal Dialysis Initiating Peritoneal Dialysis Ultrafiltration and Fluid Management Solute Clearance Metabolic Factors Infectious Complications in Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis Diet and Peritoneal Dialysis Indications for Switching from PD to HD Suitable Candidates Patients with a “virgin abdomen” or minor prior abdominal surgery,Other→
- Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) Guideline for ChildrenPD has become the equal of haemodialysis in many centres Home PD is the preferred chronic dialysis modality for most children owing to its almost universal applicability and superior compatibility with lifestyle over other modalities. For technical reasons PD is without doubt the modality of choice in infants and young children. Long-term outcome of children on dialysis is inferior compared to olOther→
- Peritonsillar AbscessInfection Peritonsillar abscess Brief outline/clinical setting Pus present deep to the capsule of the tonsil, in a plane between the tonsil and superior constrictor muscle. Presents with deviation of the uvula and tonsil toward the midline, soft palate swelling and trismus Aetiologies/organisms Staphylococcus aureus Group A Streptococcus Anaerobes Optimal antimicrobial selection Amoxicillin-clavuOther→
- Peritonsillar Abscess (Quinsy)Peritonsillar AbscessOther→
- Persistent AsthmaMild persistent asthma Moderate persistent asthma Severe persistent asthma Referral MILD PERSISTENT ASTHMA When needed for acute exacerbations: ß 2 -agonist (short-acting), e.g.: Salbutamol, inhalation, 100–200 µg , as required 3–4 times daily using a metered-dose inhaler with a spacer device until symptoms are relieved. PLUS For daily maintenance treatment: Low dose inhaled corticosteroidsPEML (Paeds)→
- Persistent DiarrhoeaDescription General and supportive measures Medicine treatment DESCRIPTION Persistent diarrhoea is a diarrhoeal episode of presumed infectious aetiology that begins acutely but has a prolonged duration lasting more than 14 days. GENERAL AND SUPPORTIVE MEASURES Treatment strategy includes a stepwise approach with modification of the diet, which are not mutually exclusive and are applied accordingPEML (Paeds)→
- Persistent/ Chronic Pain (Non-Cancer Pain)ICD-10 code: R52.2 Persistent/chronic pain is pain that lasts longer than the expected time for healing, and does not always have an obvious physical cause. Best practices for the management of chronic pain in children as recommended by the World Health Organization include: Use a comprehensive biopsychosocial assessment to inform pain management and planning. Screen for and monitor pain inPEML (Paeds)→
- Personal Protection EquipmentSADA COVID-19 Guidelines, May 2020Other→
- PersonnelTo access the PDF version of the guidelines on personnel as outlined in the "SASA paediatric guidelines for the safe use of procedural sedation and analgesia for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in children: 2021–2026," please click on the link provided below: Personnel SASA Paediatric Guidelines for the Safe use of Procedural Sedation and Analgesia for Diagnostic and Therapeutic ProceduresOther→
- PertussisPertussisOther→
- PertussisDescription Diagnosis General and supportive measures Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 code: A37.9 * Notifiable condition DESCRIPTION A communicable respiratory infection classically causing a paroxysmal cough followed by an inspiratory whoop (absent in young infants) with associated vomiting. Subconjunctival haemorrhages may be present. The cough can persist for 3 months or longer with tPEML (Paeds)→
- Pertussis vaccinesPertussis vaccinesOther→
- Pesticide Identification and ReportingPesticide Identification and ReportingOther→
- Pesticides and RodenticidesAmitraz poisoning Organophosphate poisoning Paraquat poisoning AMITRAZ POISONING T44.4 + (X43.99/X63.99/Y13.99) * Notifiable condition. Poisoning from all pesticides (i.e. agricultural stock remedies) is a notifiable medical condition. Please visit https://nicd.ac.za/nmc-overview/notification-process for further information. DESCRIPTION Amitraz is a pesticide/insecticide with α 2 -adrenergic agonEML (Adult)→
- Petechial RashesPetechial RashesOther→
- Petrochemical PoisoningDescription Diagnostic criteria General and supportive measures Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 code: T53.6 DESCRIPTION Accidental ingestion of paraffin, particularly by toddlers, is common in South Africa. DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA Clinical Paraffin is volatile and inhalation of the fumes or aspiration of liquid can cause respiratory distress due to chemical pneumonitis. CNS symptoms: dPEML (Paeds)→
- PhaeochromocytomaStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- Pharmaceutical Therapy for EnuresisDesmospressin Contraindications: Hyponatraemia, renal failure, known hypersensitivity Oxybutynin Propiverine hydrochloride Mirabegron (beta-3 adrenoreceptor agonist) Tricyclic antidepressants Desmospressin DDAVP is a synthetic version of the posterior pituitary hormone vasopressin, also known as ADH. DDAVP monotherapy is recommended in cases of NP (with normal bladder capacity). Success rates ofOther→
- Pharmacological Management of RADMARDs Glucocorticoids Sequential DMARD Therapy for RA First-Line Therapy: MTX Monotherapy Second-Line Therapy: Combination csDMARD Therapy Third-Line Therapy: MTX plus b/tsDMARD Choice of b/tsDMARD Fourth-LineTherapy: Switching b/tsDMARDs De-escalation of Therapy Analgesics and Anti-Inflammatory Drugs DMARDs These agents are divided into three broad groups: conventional synthetic (csDMARDs), bioOther→
- Pharmacological Treatment of Allergic RhinitisIntranasal corticosteroids Systemic antihistamines Intranasal antihistamines Topical nasal decongestants Leukotriene receptor antagonists The efficacy of the various classes of drugs for the treatment of AR is listed in Table 3 43,44 and Figure 4. 19 TABLE 3: Efficacy of various classes of drugs for allergic rhinitis. Pharmacological agent Nasal obstruction Rhinorrhoea Sneezing Nasal itching IntrOther→
- PharyngitisInfection Pharyngitis Brief outline/clinical setting Aetiologies/organisms Streptococcus pneumoniae is most common Streptococcus pyogenes Haemophilus influenza Optimal antimicrobial selection Amoxicillin 1gm 8 hourly Amoxicillin-clavulanate 2000mg amoxicillin/125mg clavulanate 12 hourly if patient not responding Amoxicillin will cause rash in patients with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) pharyngiOther→
- PharyngotonsillitisInfection Pharyngotonsillitis Brief outline/clinical setting Inflammation of the pharyngeal wall, pharynx and tonsils. Throat swab is recommended to rule out Group A beta haemolytic strep if <16 years old Aetiologies/organisms Viruses- coxsackie, adeno, influenza, parainfluenza, Strep pyogenes (Group ABHS), non-infectious Optimal antimicrobial selection Not for antimicrobial therapy if viral AOther→
- Phosphate Abnormalities In ICUHypophosphataemia: Incidence is 60–80% of septic ICU patients. Mortality increases 30% in patients with severe hypophosphataemia (< 0.32 mmol/L). Clinical presentation of hypophosphataemia can include: Confusion, coma, seizure. CCF Respiratory failure. Shift of Hb-dissociation curve left (hypoxia). Haemolysis, rhabdomyolysis. Treatment of hypophosphataemia: Intravenous replacement is recommendPEML (Paeds)→
- Photography in Clinical Practice - SummaryPhotography in clinical practiceOther→
- Phototherapy and Exchange Transfusion Guidelines for All Weights and GestationsManagement guidelines for students, interns and registrars on a variety of routine and emergency situations in our neonatal service at Tygerberg Children’s Hospital. Published in 2014.Other→
- Physical Activity and Type 2 DiabetesPhysical Activity and type 2 DiabetesOther→
- Physical ExaminationThis booklet is intended as a practical guide to patient care for registrars, medical officers, interns and medical students attached to the gynaecology units at the University of the Witwatersrand Academic Hospitals. Anyone can use it.Other→
- Physical FacilitiesBed numbers ICU design Equipment Bed numbers The number of critical care beds required in a hospital or per capita is not clearly defined and is influenced by many factors. The recommended number of ICU beds per hospital varies according to the level of hospital and the services offered at the hospital. In general, the following targets for critical care beds are recommended: District hospitals:Other→
- Physiotherapy, Occupational Therapy and Complementary Health InterventionsGeneral principles and management of cancer pain in adultsOther→
- Pituitary DisordersStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- Pityriasis RoseaPityriasis RoseaPrimary Care→
- Plan A: Treat for Diarrhoea at HomeIMCI - Child (Age 2 months up to 5 years)IMCI→
- Plan B: Treat for Some Dehydration with ORSIMCI - Child (Age 2 months up to 5 years)IMCI→
- Plan C: Treat Severe Dehydration QuicklyIMCI - Child (Age 2 months up to 5 years)IMCI→
- Plane WartsWartsPrimary Care→
- Plantar WartsWartsPrimary Care→
- Plasma Components and DerivativesSANBS Clinical Guideline, 6th Edition, 2023Other→
- Plasma TransfusionDescription Medicine treatment Description Plasma transfusions may be needed in the following scenarios: Coagulopathy due to multiple factor deficiencies, e.g. disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), or large volume blood loss. Thrombotic thrombocytopaenic purpura Scoline apnoea Where available, viscoelastic testing (e.g. thromboelastography/TEG) should complement or replace standard coagulEML (Adult)→
- Platelet Product TransfusionSANBS Clinical Guideline, 6th Edition, 2023Other→
- Platelet Transfusion In NeonatesManagement guidelines for students, interns and registrars on a variety of routine and emergency situations in our neonatal service at Tygerberg Children’s Hospital. Published in 2014.Other→
- Pneumococcal vaccinesPneumococcal vaccinesOther→
- Pneumocystis Jiroveci Pneumonia (PCP)ICD-10 code: B20.6 See: Pneumonia in HIV Exposed or Infected Children . Click here for the pdf . Standard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa Paediatric Hospital _2023, 5th edition_Updated July 2024 Chapter 8: Infective/Infectious Diseases, 8.17 Pneumocystis Jiroveci Pneumonia (PJP)PEML (Paeds)→
- Pneumocystis Jiroveci Pneumonia (PJP)Pneumocystis Jiroveci Pneumonia (PJP)Other→
- Pneumocystis PneumoniaPneumonia in AdultsPrimary Care→
- PneumoniaPaediatrics - PneumoniaOther→
- PneumoniaRespiratory InfectionsPrimary Care→
- PneumoniaDescription Diagnostic criteria General and supportive measures Medicine treatment Modification of antimicrobial therapy Referral ICD-10 code: J18.9 DESCRIPTION Infection of the lung parenchyma characterized by inflammation and consolidation of lung tissue. Management depends on the clinical assessment and classification of severity. For bacterial pneumonia Empiric antibiotics are indicatedPEML (Paeds)→
- Pneumonia & TuberculosisThe guidelines recommend management of common obstetric conditions at primary and referral level, based on local experience and evidence-based practice. They are not intended as strict protocols nor as standard operating procedures, but rather as a guide to safe effective management of common obstetric problems. The guidelines should be most useful to interns, medical officers and registrars.Other→
- Pneumonia - Follow-UpIMCI - Child (Age 2 months up to 5 years)IMCI→