Guidelines
198 entriesNDOH Standard Treatment Guidelines and clinical protocols
- Inotropes And VasopressorsChoice depends on desired effect. There is no ‘one size fits all’ strategy for inotrope/vasopressor choice. Each agent has dose-dependent effects on inotrope (improved contractility) or vasopressor effect (increasing the SVR). Important components of the cardiovascular system: Preload – is the child pre-load replete (not overfilled and not underfilled) – fluid therapy. Contractility – does the hePEML (Paeds)→
- Insect Bites and StingsDescription General measures Medicine treatment ICD-10 code: T63.4 + (X29.99/X23.99) + External Cause Code (V,W,X,Y) DESCRIPTION Toxicity due to insect bites and stings usually results in local effects only; systemic effects are rare. Occasionally, hypersensitivity reactions are encountered, which may vary from minor local inflammation to acute anaphylaxis. Multiple bee stings can resPEML (Paeds)→
- Insect Bites and StingsDescription General measures Medicine treatment T63.4 + (X23.99/X24.99/X25.99/X29.99) DESCRIPTION Toxicity due to insect bites and stings usually results in local effects only and systemic effects are rare. Occasionally, hypersensitivity reactions are encountered, varying from minor local inflammation to acute anaphylaxis. Multiple bee stings can result in systemic toxicity and may require ICU caEML (Adult)→
- Insect Stings, Scorpion Stings and Spider BitesDescription Medicine Treatment Referral ICD-10 code: T63.2-4 + External Cause Code (V, W, X, Y) Poisons Information Helpline: 0861555777 See: Exposure to poisonous substances . DESCRIPTION Spider bites and stings by bees, wasps, scorpions and other insects. Symptoms are usually localised such as pain, redness, swelling and itching. Bees and wasps Venom is usually mild but may provoke severePrimary Care→
- Insertion of The Gastric TubeManagement guidelines for students, interns and registrars on a variety of routine and emergency situations in our neonatal service at Tygerberg Children’s Hospital. Published in 2014.Other→
- Insertion of the PD CatheterCatheter type Surgical techniques Early exit site care Local expertise at individual centres should govern the choice of method of PD catheter insertion. For chronic dialysis a permanent peritoneal dialysis catheter should preferably be implanted surgically in theatre by a surgeon with experience in the placement of PD catheters As an alternative to standard surgical insertion, laparoscopic PD caOther→
- InsomniaDescription General Measures Medicine Treatment Referral ICD-10 code: G47.0/G47.9 Description Insomnia may be an independent disorder or associated with comorbid conditions. Insomnia may persist despite successful treatment of the comorbidity and may necessitate separate treatment. Patients presenting with insomnia may complain of difficulty falling asleep, frequent waking during the night, earlyEML (Adult)→
- InsomniaAn approach to symptom management to guide decision-making in the management of patients with life-threatening illnessOther→
- Instrumental DeliveryThe guidelines recommend management of common obstetric conditions at primary and referral level, based on local experience and evidence-based practice. They are not intended as strict protocols nor as standard operating procedures, but rather as a guide to safe effective management of common obstetric problems. The guidelines should be most useful to interns, medical officers and registrars.Other→
- Insulin Preparations in South AfricaInsulin Preparations in South AfricaOther→
- Insulin Pump TechnologyInsulin Pump TechnologyOther→
- Intensive CareStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- Intensive Care UnitAnalgesics used in the ICU The duration of sedation and analgesia in the intensive care unit (ICU) should be limited to decrease the duration of ventilatory support and limit the complications thereof. To this end, the availability of well-trained staff, good monitoring and resuscitation equipment allow for more potent agents to be used more safely. Multiorgan physiological derangements may develOther→
- Inter-Facility Transport of ChildrenVersion 1.4 April 2019Other→
- Internal Oral Signs/Symptoms: Teeth and Gingival and Mucosal Signs and SymptomsInternal oral signs/symptoms: Teeth and gingival and mucosal signs and symptomsOther→
- Interpreting Test ResultsThis guideline aims to assist healthcare workers with antibiotic prescribing for common clinical syndromes in adult patients in South Africa, utilizing Local and International guidelines, key publications, and expert opinion.Other→
- Intestinal ObstructionAn approach to symptom management to guide decision-making in the management of patients with life-threatening illnessOther→
- Intestinal ObstructionSurgical Emergencies - Intestinal ObstructionOther→
- Intestinal STOMA CareIntroduction Background Important details on history Important details on examination Standard care Dehydration Calculating stoma output Trouble shooting Dietary advice SETTING Primary and Secondary Healthcare Institutions in the Western Cape which refer to Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital (RCWMCH) FOR STAFF Primary and Secondary Doctors and Nurses who refer patients to RCWMCH PATIENTSOther→
- Intra-Osseous Infusion in EmergenciesIntra-Osseous Infusion in EmergenciesPEML (Paeds)→
- Intra-Osseous InfusionsIntra-Osseous InfusionsOther→
- Intra-abdominal InfectionThis guideline aims to assist healthcare workers with antibiotic prescribing for common clinical syndromes in adult patients in South Africa, utilizing Local and International guidelines, key publications, and expert opinion.Other→
- Intractable Diarrhoea - Paediatric Palliative CareDescription General and supportive measures Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 code: R19.7 DESCRIPTION See: Persistent Diarrhoea and Diarrhoea, Chronic Other Than Post Infectious respectively. Although uncommon, intractable diarrhoea not amenable to any treatment may be encountered in paediatric palliative care. Examples of causes include: Short bowel syndrome in neonatal survivors of NEC (PEML (Paeds)→
- Intractable Seizures - Paediatric Palliative CareDescription General and supportive treatment Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 code: G41 For status epilepticus, see: Status Epilepticus (Convulsive). DESCRIPTION Intractable seizures in palliative care refer to seizures that do not respond to treatment and often occur at the end of life in children with severe CNS pathology who are not candidates for ventilation. These may range from repePEML (Paeds)→
- Intraoperative Recommendations and Anaesthetic TechniquesGeneral Recommendations Intraoperative Drug Recommendations Anaesthetic techniques for THA and TKR Modern anaesthesia presents clinicians with different options regarding anaesthetic technique and combinations thereof. Regardless of the technique, there are principles that should guide intraoperative management. These principles emphasise the rapid return of the patient to their preoperativOther→
- Intrapartum CareDescription General measures Medicine treatment Referral O80.0-1/O80.8-9 For the comprehensive management of women in labour refer to the most recent National Maternity Care and Intrapartum Care Guidelines. DESCRIPTION Labour is divided into 4 stages: First stage onset of regular painful uterine contractions at term to full dilatation of cervix. Second stage full dilatation to delivery ofPrimary Care→
- Intrauterine Contraceptive Copper Device (IUCD)Referral Z30.0/Z30.1/Z30.5 Dual protection with barrier methods is recommended to reduce the risk of STIs including HIV. The copper IUCD (also known as the Copper T) is a long-term contraceptive method that is effective, safe and reversible. It has no hormonal effects or drug interactions. It does not require daily adherence or frequent follow up. HIV infection is NOT a contra-indication to the uPrimary Care→
- Intrauterine Fetal DeathThe guidelines recommend management of common obstetric conditions at primary and referral level, based on local experience and evidence-based practice. They are not intended as strict protocols nor as standard operating procedures, but rather as a guide to safe effective management of common obstetric problems. The guidelines should be most useful to interns, medical officers and registrars.Other→
- Intrauterine Growth RestrictionThe guidelines recommend management of common obstetric conditions at primary and referral level, based on local experience and evidence-based practice. They are not intended as strict protocols nor as standard operating procedures, but rather as a guide to safe effective management of common obstetric problems. The guidelines should be most useful to interns, medical officers and registrars.Other→
- Intravenous FluidsStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- IntroductionThis chapter describes the general principles in the management of acute pain using oral and parenteral routes of administration in the adult population . Acute pain is a physical sign and experience that points to real ( existing or potential ) recent tissue injury . It results from stimulation of sensory (afferent) nerve endings in areas of tissue injury, whether mechanical (incision, pressureOther→
- IntroductionSummary table of major guidelines changes The past five years have seen revolutionary changes in the diagnosis and management of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB), including the use of new and repurposed drugs and novel therapeutic approaches [1] . South Africa has been a global leader in introducing innovation to the field of RR-TB and the work done in the country has had a signifiOther→
- IntroductionThis booklet is intended as a practical guide to patient care for registrars, medical officers, interns and medical students attached to the gynaecology units at the University of the Witwatersrand Academic Hospitals. Anyone can use it.Other→
- IntroductionIntroductionPrimary Care→
- IntroductionAllergic rhinitis (AR) is one of the most common chronic conditions with a prevalence of 10% – 40%. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 It can cause significant discomfort and a marked reduction in productivity and quality of life (QoL). 8 Moreover, its consequences can be serious, including contributing to asthma exacerbations and comorbidities such as rhinosinusitis and otitis media; increasing susceptibilityOther→
- IntroductionThis is a consensus document Introduction This is a consensus document produced by members of a working party established by the South African Society of Anaesthesiologists The working party that developed the first version of these guidelines comprises: Raphael Samuel, Chair, Anaesthesia Dorinka Nel, Anaesthesia Ivan Joubert, Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Johann de Bruin, Anaesthesia Sean DwyerOther→
- IntroductionBladder trauma is a relatively uncommon presentation, with a variation in its incidence across various age groups. In adults, an estimated 65–86% of bladder injury is as a result of blunt trauma. In contrast, penetrating trauma accounts for 14–35% of bladder injuries in adults [1] . The incidence of iatrogenic bladder injury ranges from 0.04% to 58%, depending on the type of procedure [2] . The oOther→
- IntroductionThe concept of hyperactivity in children has been documented in the medical literature since the 18th Century. In 1798, physician and author Sir Alexander Crichton described a mental state much like ADHD, referring to individuals with a ‘disease of attention,’ who refer to themselves as having ‘the fidgets,’ and have ‘the incapacity of attending with a necessary degree of constancy to any one objOther→
- IntroductionThese are the approved guidelines published by the South African Society of Psychiatrists to provide an overview on treatment and management of commonly diagnosed psychiatric illnesses. The guidelines include consensus recommendations, based on peer contribution and using the international evidence based guidelines that are suitable for the local South African health service.Other→
- IntroductionThese are the approved guidelines published by the South African Society of Psychiatrists to provide an overview on treatment and management of commonly diagnosed psychiatric illnesses. The guidelines include consensus recommendations, based on peer contribution and using the international evidence based guidelines that are suitable for the local South African health service.Other→
- IntroductionThe Critical Care Society of Southern Africa (CCSSA) patient blood management (PBM) guidelines have been developed to improve patient blood management in critically ill patients in Southern Africa. These consensus recommendations are based on a rigorous process by experts in the field of critical care who are also practising in South Africa (SA). The process comprised a Delphi technique, a roundOther→
- IntroductionDeath is a medical occurrence that has social, legal, religious and cultural consequences requiring common clinical standards for its diagnosis and legal regulation. This document compiled by the Critical Care Society of Southern Africa outlines the core standards for determination of death in the hospital context. It aligns with the latest evidence-based research and international guidelines andOther→
- IntroductionThe intensive care unit (ICU) is defined as a designated area where close monitoring and life support treatments are provided for patients with potential or established organ failure. The ICU therefore provides a higher level of care and facilities than the general wards or intermediate care units, with such care being delivered by specially trained staff. [1] For the purposes of the pOther→
- IntroductionScope and purpose Guideline development Working group Conflicts of interest Funding Acknowledgements The guideline aims to provide minimum standards for the provision of critical care services in South Africa. The intention is to ensure high quality critical care that focuses on patient safety and improving the outcome of critically ill patients, and that is appropriate to the South African conteOther→
- IntroductionProstate cancer (PCa) is the most widespread non-cutaneous cancer found in males and ranks as the fifth leading cause of death globally. [1] In South Africa (SA), PCa is the predominant solid organ cancer detected, regardless of ethnic background, [1] and its prevalence in southern Africa has increased by ~60% during the past 15 years. [2] Black SA men typically receive a diagnosis at a more advaOther→
- IntroductionThe Primary Healthcare (PHC) and Adult Hospital Level (AHL) Standard Treatment Guidelines (STGs) and Essential Medicines List (EML) enable the equitable access to safe, effective and affordable essential medicines across South Africa. Historically, the PHC and AHL Expert Review Committees (ERCs) responsible for developing the PHC and AHL STGs were appointed as separate Committees. However, in 202EML (Adult)→
- IntroductionThese are the approved guidelines published by the South African Society of Psychiatrists to provide an overview on treatment and management of commonly diagnosed psychiatric illnesses. The guidelines include consensus recommendations, based on peer contribution and using the international evidence based guidelines that are suitable for the local South African health service.Other→
- IntroductionThese are the approved guidelines published by the South African Society of Psychiatrists to provide an overview on treatment and management of commonly diagnosed psychiatric illnesses. The guidelines include consensus recommendations, based on peer contribution and using the international evidence based guidelines that are suitable for the local South African health service.Other→
- IntroductionIntroductionOther→
- IntroductionRainbow Clinic for Abused Children, April 2020Other→