Guidelines
3,191 entriesNDOH Standard Treatment Guidelines and clinical protocols
- Paediatric Advanced Life SupportPaediatric Advanced Life SupportOther→
- Paediatric Anaesthesia TrolleyRecommended Equipment ListOther→
- Paediatric Blood and Fluid Administration RegimesGuideline for Paediatric Blood and Fluid Administration RegimesOther→
- Paediatric Critical Care InfusionsCommon Critical Care Drug Infusions used in Critically Ill Children in the EC setting.Other→
- Paediatric Critical Care InfusionsPaediatric Critical Care InfusionsOther→
- Paediatric EmergenciesCertain emergencies of the airway, breathing, circulation and neurological system are dealt with in the respiratory, cardiac, and nervous system chapters. All doctors should ensure that they have received appropriate training in at least providing basic (and preferably advanced) life support to children. Rapid triage of children presenting with acute conditions in clinics and CHCs Click here forPrimary Care→
- Paediatric Emergencies: IntroductionNDoH STG Paeds 2023PEML (Paeds)→
- Paediatric Guidelines: IntroductionChildren are often subjected to a variety of painful diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Immaturity and cognitive impairment may preclude competent expression of pain during such experiences. Therefore, the need for analgesia may not be sufficiently addressed. Pain assessment and measurement are prerequisites to optimal pain management. Pain measurement tools are available for children of allOther→
- Paediatric Pain ManagementPaediatric Pain ManagementOther→
- Paediatric Pain ManagementPaediatric Pain ManagementOther→
- Paediatric Palliative Care - Symptom Control And Principles For PrescribingICD-10 code: Z51.5 DESCRIPTION The World Health Organisation (WHO) defines paediatric palliative care as the active total care of the child’s body, mind and spirit that also involves giving support to the family. Palliative care should begin when illness is diagnosed and continue regardless of whether or not a child receives treatment directed at the disease. Healthcare providers must evaluPEML (Paeds)→
- Paediatric Surgery Referral GuidelinesPaediatric Surgery Referral GuidelinesOther→
- Paediatric Training for ParamedicsDistrict level hospital guidelines applicable for interns and comm service doctors. Published in 2016Other→
- Paediatric colistin dosingKEY POINTS TO REMEMBER: Loading doses must be administered to all patients initiated on colistin. Maintenance doses must be adjusted in patients with renal impairment. All patients on colistin must have frequent renal function monitoring. Colistin, also known as polymyxin E, is available as an intravenous preparation, colistimethate sodium (CMS). CMS is a prodrug that is hydrolyzed in plasma to aOther→
- Paediatric emergency transfers call out pathwayPaediatric emergency transfers call out pathwayOther→
- Paediatric vancomycin dosingKEY POINTS TO REMEMBER: All patients should receive loading doses. Trough concentrations should be done prior to the 2nd maintenance dose. All patients should have a baseline creatinine, or a creatinine taken with the trough concentration prior to the 2nd maintenance dose. Do not dose-adjust vancomycin according to trough concentrations. Clinical Pharmacology should be contacted when vancomycin iOther→
- Paget's DiseaseStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- PainStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- PainSee Pain chapter sections: Pain Control Acute Pain Chronic Non-Cancer Pain Chronic Cancer Pain Breakthrough Pain Click here to access the pdf . Standard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Primary Healthcare, 2020-2024_Version 1.0_07 November 2024 Chapter 22: Medicines Used in Palliative Care_22.3 PainPrimary Care→
- Pain Assessment in ChildrenPain history Pain behaviours Pain assessment tools Children are able to reliably articulate pain from approximately 5 years of age. However, at this age, localisation of pain is still poor, which explains the frequent reports of abdominal pain, despite the actual source. Localisation of pain becomes reliable only at approximately 7 years of age. Pain history Self-reporting is the gold standard ofOther→
- Pain ControlPlease click on the link below to access the most up-to-date version of this guideline. The content on this page is currently being updated to align with the latest publication. Always check the version number at the bottom of the screen to confirm which version you are using. Click here to access the Primary_Healthcare_Chapter_20_Pain_with_supporting_NEMLC_Report_2025-9_Review_Version_1.0_(26_FePrimary Care→
- Pain ControlDescription Pain management General and supportive measures Non-medicine pain management strategies ICD-10 code: R52.9 DESCRIPTION Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage. Pain is an inherent part of the pathology of most medical and surgical diseases.PEML (Paeds)→
- Pain ManagementPharmacological strategies Local anaesthetics Simple analgesics Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Opioids Alpha-2 agonists: clonidine and dexmedetomidine Gabapentin Ketamine Non-pharmacological pain management strategies should always be included in pain management. Preoperative anxiety, catastrophising, depression and other mental health as well as neurodevelopmental issues can amplifyOther→
- Pain ManagementApproach to pain in the paediatric burns patientOther→
- Pain Management in Adult TraumaPain Management in Adult TraumaOther→
- Pain in the Terminal PhaseGeneral principles and management of cancer pain in adultsOther→
- Pain, ChronicStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- Pain, ChronicStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- Painful Red EyeEye ConditionsPrimary Care→
- Palliative CareStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- Palliative CarePalliative careOther→
- Palliative Care / Alleviating sufferingCOVID-19 Rapid Review, Friday, 08 May 2020 (Review 8)Other→
- Palliative Care in the COVID-19 WardsJune 2020Other→
- Pancreatitis, AcuteDescription General Measures Medicine Treatment Referral ICD-10 code: K85.0-3/K85.8-9 DESCRIPTION Acute inflammatory condition of the pancreas. Acute pancreatitis is based on the fulfulment of '2 out of 3' of the following criteria: clinical (upper abdominal pain), laboratory (serum amylase or lipase >3x upper limit of normal), and/or imaging (CT, MRI, ultrasonography) criteria. Intense localEML (Adult)→
- Pancreatitis, ChronicDescription General Measures Medicine Treatment Referral ICD-10 code: K86.0-3/K86.8-9 DESCRIPTION Chronic inflammatory condition of the pancreas with severe abdominal pain, which results in functional and structural damage. In most patients, this is a chronic, progressive disease that leads to exocrine and/or endocrine insufficiency. GENERAL MEASURES Abstinence from alcohol reduces abdominal painEML (Adult)→
- Papular Pruritic EruptionDescription General Measures Medicine Treatment L29.8 DESCRIPTION Itchy inflamed papules at different stages of evolution. Healed lesions are often hyperpigmented. The itch is difficult to manage. May flare after starting ART, but generally improves as the CD4 count increases. It is essential to exclude scabies. GENERAL MEASURES Minimise exposure to insect bites, e.g. by regularly dipping pPrimary Care→
- Papular UrticariaStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- Papular UrticariaAllergiesPrimary Care→
- Paracetamol (Age 2 months up to 5 years)IMCI - Child (Age 2 months up to 5 years)IMCI→
- Paracetamol PoisoningDescription Diagnostic criteria Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 code: T39.1 DESCRIPTION Poisoning due to paracetamol by adolescents is generally due to intentional ingestion. The accidental ingestion of paracetamol elixir preparations by toddlers very rarely causes toxicity. Toxicity can be due to acute ingestions or repeated supratherapeutic ingestion (RSTI). Toxicity due to IV paracetaPEML (Paeds)→
- Paracetamol PoisoningParacetamol poisoningOther→
- Parenteral NutritionComplications of PN Dose and duration of PN infusion Average daily parenteral requirements Parenteral nutrition (PN) should be prescribed and administered under the supervision of a medical specialist and dietician. PN should be used only when it is not possible to meet nutritional requirements enterally or when there is gastrointestinal dysfunction resulting in inability to tolerate enteral nutrPEML (Paeds)→
- ParkisonismCentral Nervous System ConditionsPrimary Care→
- Paronychia, AcuteNail and Nailfold InfectionsPrimary Care→
- Paronychia, ChronicNail and Nailfold InfectionsPrimary Care→
- Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) in the NewbornDescription Diagnostic criteria General and supportive measures Medicine treatment Surgical treatment Referral ICD-10 code: Q25.0 DESCRIPTION Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is the extra-uterine persistence of the normal foetal vessel that joins the pulmonary artery to the aorta. DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA Clinical Depending on size of PDA: A systolic or continuous murmur at the upper left sternalPEML (Paeds)→
- PathophysiologyThe ‘three systems model’ The 'bladder–brain dialogue' The ‘Three Systems Model’ The model proposed by Butler and Holland [15] in 2000 provides a framework for understanding PMSE and helps conceptualise therapeutic interventions. PMSE is caused by one or more of the following three ‘systems’: NP associated with an abnormal circadian pattern of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)/arginine-vasopressin OveraOther→
- Pathophysiology of Birth AsphyxiaNational Neonatal Resuscitation GuidelinesOther→
- Pathophysiology of Pre-eclampsiaThe guidelines recommend management of common obstetric conditions at primary and referral level, based on local experience and evidence-based practice. They are not intended as strict protocols nor as standard operating procedures, but rather as a guide to safe effective management of common obstetric problems. The guidelines should be most useful to interns, medical officers and registrars.Other→
- Patient AssessmentAppropriate selection of children for sedation is the first step to safe sedation practice. It is generally accepted that adults, through their lived experience, have the necessary coping skills to ensure safe and successful sedation. However, children of different age groups, and even children within the same age group, have different coping skills. The procedure to be performed will largelOther→