Guidelines
3,191 entriesNDOH Standard Treatment Guidelines and clinical protocols
- Fluids In ICUFluids should be thought of as any other drug/medication in ICU; an under-resuscitated child as well as an overloaded child both have deleterious effects. Therefore, fluid therapy prescriptions must be tailored and appropriate for each child’s clinical condition. Fluids need to be considered under: Resuscitation – need for bolus therapy: 10–20 mL/kg, rapid administration, isotonic crystalloids. RPEML (Paeds)→
- Focused Cardiac UltrasoundPartners In Health Ultrasound Series: Focused Cardiac UltrasoundOther→
- Follow Up Care for the Sick Infant (Birth up to 2 months)IMCI - Young Infant (Birth up to 2 months)IMCI→
- Follow-up Care for Children on ART: Seven StepsIMCI - Anti-retroviral therapy (ART)IMCI→
- Foot Abnormalities and Footwear IllustrationsFoot Abnormalities and Footwear IllustrationsOther→
- Foot Infection/Infected UlcersFoot Infection/Infected UlcersOther→
- Foreign Body IngestionIntroduction Dangerous objects Important details on history Important details on examination Management guideline Referral guideline Parental counselling References SETTING Primary and Secondary Healthcare Institutions in the Western Cape which refer to Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital (RCWMCH) FOR STAFF Primary and Secondary Doctors and Nurses who refer patients to RCWMCH PAOther→
- ForewordOur aim with these guidelines is to provide a reference for safe sedation practice for all healthcare providers who are involved in paediatric sedation. Paediatric sedation outside of the operating theatre remains a controversial issue. There are safety concerns regarding the intravenous administration of drugs in children, especially when a combination of drugs is used. It is well known that wheOther→
- ForewordForeword by Professor Selma Browde; MBBCh, MMed RadTOther→
- ForewordSouth Africa is a high burden Rifampicin Resistant-Tuberculosis country. Following the Covid-19 pandemic, we have noted that the TB care cascade gaps have increased with fewer patients tested, diagnosed, and successfully treated. A TB recovery plan was developed to address these gaps. The version 2.0 of the TB recovery plan is aligned with the National Strategic Plan 2023-2028 for HIV, TB & SOther→
- ForewordNational ART Clinical Guidelines 2023Other→
- ForewordIt is my great pleasure to introduce a new name for the programme that was formally known as Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of Transmissible Infections, the name stigmatising the mother as being responsible for the infant being infected. From now onwards the programme will be called the Vertical Transmission Prevention (VTP) programme. This guideline will be a component of the MaterniOther→
- ForewordI proudly present the updated 2024 editions of both the Primary Healthcare (PHC) and Adult Hospital Level (AHL) Standard Treatment Guidelines (STGs) and Essential Medicines List (EML). These guidelines aim to enhance transparency and support the delivery of high-quality treatment options at both PHC and hospital levels. They reflect the evolving clinical needs of our population as well as the intEML (Adult)→
- ForewordForewordPrimary Care→
- Foreword, Introduction & AcronymsForeword Introduction List of acronyms Foreword Pain is inevitable. Suffering is optional. (Haruki Murakami) The Japanese novelist might not necessarily have had physical pain in mind, but this quote is eminently applicable to acute pain of patients. Acute pain sensations accompany many diseases and all surgery. The prevention and treatment of pain have made great surgical progress possible, partOther→
- Forms and ReportsRainbow Clinic for Abused Children, April 2020Other→
- Fungal InfectionsStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- Fungal Nail InfectionsB20.5 + B35.1 This is common in PLHIV and can involve multiple nails. Treatment is not generally recommended because it is mostly of only cosmetic importance and therefore the risk of systemic therapy is not warranted. It generally resolves when patient is on ART. Click here to access the pdf . Standard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Primary Healthcare_V1.0_26Primary Care→
- Fungal Skin InfectionB20.5 See: Candidiasis, skin , and ringworm and other tineas . Click here to access the pdf . Standard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Primary Healthcare_V1.0_26 February 2026 Chapter 11: Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV AND AIDS)_11.3 Opportunistic Infections, Treatment in Adult_11.3.8 Fungal Skin InfectionsPrimary Care→
- Fungal Skin InfectionsInfection Fungal skin infections Brief outline/clinical setting May cause primary infection of the skin or present with cutaneous manifestations of systemic disease Aetiologies/organisms Candida spp, Dermatophytes ( Trichophyton, Epidermophyton, Microsporum ), Tinea versicolor (Malassezia furfur) Others: Aspergillus spp, Mucormycosis ( Mucor, Rhizopus), Pseudoallescheria boydii, Fusarium spp , SpOther→
- Furuncles and AbscessesStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- Gastro-Intestinal SupportNutrition Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis Regurgitation and Aspiration Diarrhoea Liver Support Acute Severe Pancreatitis Acute Cholecystitis Abdominal Compartment Syndrome Nutrition Description Critically ill patients have increased nutritional requirements due to an increased metabolic rate. Therefore, they require careful management of their nutritional requirements. General Measures Commence nutritioEML (Adult)→
- Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD)Description Diagnostic criteria General and supportive measures Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 code: K21 DESCRIPTION Gastro-oesophageal reflux is repetitive regurgitation/reflux of gastric contents into the oesophagus. It is termed “Complicated GOR” or “GORD” if associated with the diagnostic criteria below. It should be differentiated from “Uncomplicated GOR” if the only symptom is frePEML (Paeds)→
- Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD) and DyspepsiaDescription General Measures Medicine Treatment Referral ICD-10 code: K21.0/K21.9/K22.7/K30 DESCRIPTION GORD is a disorder which develops as a consequence of the reflux of gastric and duodenal contents into the oesophagus. It is usually characterised by heartburn and regurgitation. Dyspepsia is the sensation of epigastric discomfort. It may be a feature of potentially severe diseases such as peptEML (Adult)→
- Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux/Disease in InfantsDescription General Measures Referral ICD-10 code: P78.8-9 DESCRIPTION Gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) is the passive regurgitation of gastric content into the oesophagus. It may be a normal physiological phenomenon in infants, children and adults. It is noted by frequent positing/regurgitation of small amounts of milk/food. Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is when GOR results in abnormalPrimary Care→
- Gastroenteritis 1: Assessment and Summary AlgorithmPaediatric Gastroenteritis GuidanceOther→
- Gastroenteritis 2: InvestigationsPaediatric Gastroenteritis GuidanceOther→
- Gastroenteritis 3: Fluid Management (First 4 hours)Paediatric Gastroenteritis GuidanceOther→
- Gastroenteritis 4: Antibiotic UsePaediatric Gastroenteritis Guidance on Antibiotics UseOther→
- Gastroenteritis 5: Electrolyte DistrubancePaediatric Gastroenteritis Guidance on Electrolyte DisturbancesOther→
- Gastroenteritis 6: Routine Diet and MicronutrientsPaediatric Gastroenteritis Guidance on Routine Diet and MacronutrientsOther→
- Gastroenteritis 7: Fluid Management after the First 4 HoursManagement after the first four hours of hydrationOther→
- Gastroenteritis 8: Special SituationsSpecial Situations in Paediatric GastroenteritisOther→
- Gastroenteritis 9: DischargeAssessment for DischargeOther→
- Gastroenteritis Appendix 1: Hydration Check FormForm for continuous assessment of hydrationOther→
- Gastroenteritis Appendix 2: Continuous Assessment FormRehydration Continuous Assessment FormOther→
- Gastrointestinal ConditionsStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- GastronomyIntroduction Background Anatomy of a gastrostomy Important details on history Important details on examination Basic care Trouble shooting Using a foley’s catheter as a temporary gastrostomy SETTING Primary and Secondary Healthcare Institutions in the Western Cape which refer to Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital (RCWMCH) FOR STAFF Primary and Secondary Doctors and Nurses who refer patienOther→
- Gastroscopy and ColonoscopyGastroscopy and ColonoscopyOther→
- General - Pain Assessment and ManagementAn approach to symptom management to guide decision-making in the management of patients with life-threatening illnessOther→
- General Anaesthesia - Induction of AnaesthesiaDescription Medicine treatment for induction of anaesthesia Induction should be learnt in an appropriate learning situation. DESCRIPTION Anaesthesia should only be administered by medical practitioners with appropriate training in anaesthesia. Induction of anaesthesia is the critical part of the transition from consciousness to general anaesthesia. This is a period which requires highly skilPEML (Paeds)→
- General Anaesthesia - Maintenance of AnaesthesiaDescription Medicine treatment DESCRIPTION After induction, the focus shifts to the maintenance of an adequate level of hypnosis, immobility and analgesia. Anaesthetic goals include maintaining normothermia and normoglycaemia, maintenance of cardiovascular stability, prevention of hypoxia and hyper/hypocapnia, providing appropriate analgesia, and the prevention of post-operative complications. MEPEML (Paeds)→
- General Anaesthesia - PreparationDescription General and supportive measures Medicine treatment DESCRIPTION All patients should be starved before general anaesthesia to prevent regurgitation and aspiration of gastric contents. The preoperative starvation period is: clear fluid: 1 hour, breast milk: 4 hours, and, solids, breast milk substitutes, non-human milk: 6 hours. Clear fluids include water, clear juices withPEML (Paeds)→
- General Care of Women in LabourThe guidelines recommend management of common obstetric conditions at primary and referral level, based on local experience and evidence-based practice. They are not intended as strict protocols nor as standard operating procedures, but rather as a guide to safe effective management of common obstetric problems. The guidelines should be most useful to interns, medical officers and registrars.Other→
- General CommentsThis booklet is intended as a practical guide to patient care for registrars, medical officers, interns and medical students attached to the gynaecology units at the University of the Witwatersrand Academic Hospitals. Anyone can use it.Other→
- General Danger Signs (Age 2 months up to 5 years)IMCI - Child (Age 2 months up to 5 years)IMCI→
- General Fracture Management - CastingCasting - General Fracture ManagementOther→
- General Fracture Management: IntroductionGeneral Fracture ManagementOther→
- General Instructions for All Oral Medicines to be Given at HomeIMCI - Child (Age 2 months up to 5 years)IMCI→
- General Office PreparationSADA COVID-19 Guidelines, May 2020Other→