Guidelines
152 entriesNDOH Standard Treatment Guidelines and clinical protocols
- Epilepsy SyndromesDescription Medicine treatment Referral G40.3-5 DESCRIPTION An epilepsy syndrome is a specific seizure type associated with characteristic EEG and imaging features, natural history, age-dependent features, triggers, response to ASM, and prognosis. For classification of seizure types, see Figure 1 in Epileptic seizures . Pointers for the identification of an epilepsy syndrome: Early-onset sePEML (Paeds)→
- Epilepsy SyndromesEpilepsy SyndromesPrimary Care→
- Epilepsy in Adolescents (13-18 Years)G40.0-9 See Adult Hospital Level STGs and EML, Central Nervous System, Epilepsy in adolescents and adults. Click here to access the pdf . Click here to access NEMLC Report . Standard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Paediatric Hospital Level_Updated May 2025 Chapter 13: The Nervous System_13.4 Epilepsy_13.4.2 Epilepsy in Adolescents (13 – 18 years)PEML (Paeds)→
- Epilepsy in Adolescents and AdultsEpilepsy in Adolescents and AdultsPrimary Care→
- Epilepsy in Children <13 Years of AgeSpecial considerations General and supportive measures Medicine treatment Referral A child may be diagnosed with focal, generalised, combined generalised and focal, or unknown epilepsy types. Special considerations Seizures in neonates Seizures in the neonatal period seldom confer a diagnosis of epilepsy. For management of seizures, see Seizures, neonatal . Underlying conditions and co-morbiditiePEML (Paeds)→
- Epilepsy in Children <13 Years of AgeEpilepsyPrimary Care→
- Epileptic SeizuresDescription Diagnosis Seizure types G40.6-7; G41.0-2; G41.8-9; R56.8 DESCRIPTION An epileptic seizure is a change in movement, attention or level of awareness that is sustained or repetitive and occurs because of abnormal and excessive neuronal discharge within the brain. LoE:IVb 7 Epileptic seizures should be differentiated from: Collapse, e.g. syncope, anoxic seizures, transient ischaemic attacPrimary Care→
- Epileptic SeizuresStatus Epilepticus (Convulsive)PEML (Paeds)→
- Epileptic SeizuresPlease click on the link below to access the most up-to-date version of this guideline. The content on this page is currently being updated to align with the latest publication. Always check the version number at the bottom of the screen to confirm which version you are using. Click here to access the Adult Hospital Level Chapter 14: Neurological Disorders with Supporting NEMLC Report-2020-4-ReviEML (Adult)→
- Epileptic Seizures and Status Epilepticus in Adolescents (13-18 Years)See Adult Hospital Level STGs and EML, Epileptic Seizures and Status Epilepticus in Adolescents (13 – 18 Years) And Adults in Status Epilepticus . Click here to access the pdf . Click here to access NEMLC Report . Standard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Paediatric Hospital Level_Updated May 2025 Chapter 13: The Nervous System_13.2 Status Epilepticus_13.2.2. EpPEML (Paeds)→
- Epileptic Seizures and Status Epilepticus in Adolescents (13-18 Years) and AdultsDescription General measures Medicine treatment Referral DESCRIPTION Additional causes of epileptic seizures to consider in adolescents and adults are categorised below: Pregnancy related Infections Substances & poisoning - eclampsia (See Adult Hospital STGs and EML, Eclampsia ) - electrolyte abnormalities (e.g. in hyperemesis gravidarum) - stroke - reduced blood levels of antiseizure mPrimary Care→
- Epileptic Seizures and Status Epilepticus in Children <13 Years of AgeDescription General measures Medicine treatment Referral DESCRIPTION Central nervous system infections are a common cause of epileptic seizures in children < 13 years of age in South Africa. The most common seizures in children are febrile seizures (See Febrile seizures ) but the history, examination and investigations must aim at excluding the following conditions: Perinatal conditions InfectPrimary Care→
- Epileptic Seizures and Status Epilepticus in Children <13 Years of AgeStatus Epilepticus (Convulsive)PEML (Paeds)→
- EpistaxisEpistaxisOther→
- Epistaxis (Nose Bleed)Epistaxis (nose bleed)PEML (Paeds)→
- Erectile DysfunctionStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- Erythema MultiformeDescription Diagnostic criteria General and supportive measures Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 code: L51.9 DESCRIPTION An acute, self-limiting and commonly recurrent inflammatory eruption of the skin with variable involvement of the mucous membranes and without systemic symptoms. Symmetrically distributed crops of target lesions, (dark centre, an inner, pale ring surrounded by anPEML (Paeds)→
- Erythema MultiformeAllergiesPrimary Care→
- Erythema Multiforme, Stevens Johnson Syndrome, Toxic Epidermal NecrolysisStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- Essential Paediatric Calculations and Normal ValuesPaediatric Calculations and Normal Values for Paediatric patientsOther→
- Essential StatisticsThe guidelines recommend management of common obstetric conditions at primary and referral level, based on local experience and evidence-based practice. They are not intended as strict protocols nor as standard operating procedures, but rather as a guide to safe effective management of common obstetric problems. The guidelines should be most useful to interns, medical officers and registrars.Other→
- Ethanol PoisoningDescription Diagnostic criteria Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 code: T51.0 DESCRIPTION Ethanol is a selective CNS depressant at low concentrations, and a generalised depressant at high concentrations. DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA Clinical lack of co-ordination, stupor, ataxia, coma, slurred speech, hypoglycaemia, gait disturbances, convulsions, drowsiness. Investigations Monitor blPEML (Paeds)→
- Ethical ConsiderationsAn approach to symptom management to guide decision-making in the management of patients with life-threatening illnessOther→
- EthicsBlood bank practices Patient-related practices Grade 20.1 Both blood donors and recipients must be protected through safe blood management practices. N/A 20.2 Blood transfusion services must comply with the provisions of the standards of practice for blood transfusions in South Africa N/A 20.3 All blood and blood products require informed consent prior to transfusion. N/A 20.4 If consent cOther→
- EthicsNational Neonatal Resuscitation GuidelinesOther→
- Evacuation of the UterusThis booklet is intended as a practical guide to patient care for registrars, medical officers, interns and medical students attached to the gynaecology units at the University of the Witwatersrand Academic Hospitals. Anyone can use it.Other→
- Evaluating the Child with a First Non-Febrile (Afebrile) SeizureGuideline on the management of the child with a first non-febrile / afebrile seizureOther→
- Evaluation of Male Sexual Dysfunction in Type 2 DiabetesEvaluation of Male Sexual Dysfunction in Type 2 DiabetesOther→
- Evidence for N95 Extended Use, Re-use and DecontaminationCOVID-19 Rapid Review, Friday, 10 April 2020Other→
- Examination of Suspected Child AbuseRainbow Clinic for Abused Children, April 2020Other→
- Examination of an Individual Allegedly under the Influence of AlcoholAlcoholOther→
- Examining an Unwell DiverExamining an Unwell DiverOther→
- Exchange Transfusion TechniqueManagement guidelines for students, interns and registrars on a variety of routine and emergency situations in our neonatal service at Tygerberg Children’s Hospital. Published in 2014.Other→
- Exclusion Criteria for Intravenous rt-PAClick on the image to enlarge. Click here for the pdf . Angels Initiative South Africa _ Stroke Physician Clinical Decision Pack_2024Other→
- Exclusion Criteria for Intravenous rt-PAClick on the image to enlarge. Click here for the pdf . Angels Initiative South Africa _ Treating Doctor_Stroke patient acute treatment forms_2024Other→
- Exclusion Criteria for Intravenous rt-PAClick on the image to enlarge. Click here for the pdf . Angels Initiative South Africa _ Emergency Department Physician Stroke Patient Pack_2024Other→
- Executive SummaryQA notes Survey1 is the spacing in the original doc... no change madeOther→
- Exogenous Surfactant AdministrationManagement guidelines for students, interns and registrars on a variety of routine and emergency situations in our neonatal service at Tygerberg Children’s Hospital. Published in 2014.Other→
- Exposure To Poisonous SubstancesSee section: Poisoning Standard Treatment Guidelines And Essential Medicines List For South Africa, Hospital Level, Paediatrics, 2023 Edition Chapter 1: Emergencies and Trauma, 1.1 Paediatric Emergencies, 1.1.11 Exposure To Poisonous SubstancesPEML (Paeds)→
- Exposure to Poisonous SubstancesDescription General Measures Medicine Treatment Referral ICD-10 code: T36.0-9/T37.0-5/T37.8-9/T38.0-9/T39.0-4/T39.8-9/T40.0-9/T41-0-5/T42.0-8/T43.0-6/T43.8-9/ 4.0-9/T45.0-9/T46.0- 9/T47.0-9/T48-0-7/T49.0-9/T50.0-9/T51.0-3/T51.8-9/T52.0-4/T52.8-9/T53.0-9/T54.0-3/T54.9/T55/T56.0-9/T57.0- 3/T57.8-9/T58/T59.0-9/T60.0-4/T60.8-9/T65.0-6/T65.8-9+ (X44.99/X49.99/X64.99/X69.99/Y14.99/Y19.99) Note: PoisoniPrimary Care→
- Exposure to Poisonous SubstancesSee: chapter on Poisoning . Click here for the pdf . Standard Treatment Guidelines And Essential Medicines List For South Africa, Adult Hospital level, 2020-4_Version 1_June 2024 Chapter 20: Emergencies and InjuriesEML (Adult)→
- Expressing Breastmilk & CupfeedingIMCI - Counsel the Mother or Caregiver on Infant and Young Child FeedingIMCI→
- Extemporaneous PreparationsStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- External Oral Signs Symptoms: Acutely Swollen FaceExternal oral signs symptoms: Acutely swollen faceOther→
- Extra-Pyramidal Side EffectsDescription Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 code: G21.1/G24.0/G25.8-9/Y11/Y13/Y88.0 + (T43.0-6/T43.8-9) Description Extra-pyramidal side effects (EPSE) may occur with any antipsychotic, but are most commonly due to haloperidol, risperidone, and flupenthixol and zuclopenthixol injections. At-risk groups include those with underlying medical conditions such as epilepsy, intellectual disability,Primary Care→
- Eye Disorders Please click on the link below to access the most up-to-date version of this guideline. The content on this page is currently being updated to align with the latest publication. Always check the version number at the bottom of the screen to confirm which version you are using. Click here to access the Adult-Hospital-Chapter-18-Eye-Disorders-with-supporting-NEMLC-report-2020-4-review-VersioEML (Adult)→
- Eye Infection (Age 2 months up to 5 years)IMCI - Child (Age 2 months up to 5 years)IMCI→
- Eye Infection, Complicated (Severe Eye Infection)Description General and supportive measures Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 code: H44.0 DESCRIPTION Intensely painful eye infection characterised by a red eye with or without a discharge (excluding simple or non-painful conjunctivitis). Assess clinically for: Herpes conjunctivitis, indicated by vesicles on skin next to the eye. Loss of vision. Irregularity of the pupil. Haziness of the cornea.PEML (Paeds)→
- Eye InjuriesSee: Medical management of eye injury . Click here for the pdf . Standard Treatment Guidelines And Essential Medicines List For South Africa, Adult Hospital level, 2020-4_Version 1_June 2024 Chapter 20: Emergencies and InjuriesEML (Adult)→
- Eye Injury, Blunt or PenetratingEye InjuriesPrimary Care→