Guidelines
212 entriesNDOH Standard Treatment Guidelines and clinical protocols
- References - Endocrine SystemStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- References - Endocrine SystemReferencesPEML (Paeds)→
- References - Eye Conditions1. Aciclovir: Wilhelmus KR. (2015). Antiviral treatment and other therapeutic interventions for herpes simplex virus epithelial keratitis. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 1, CD002898. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD002898.pub5 2. White ML, Chodosh J. Herpes Simplex Virus Keratitis: A Treatment Guideline. Hoskins Center for Quality Eye Care and American Academy of Ophthalmology WePEML (Paeds)→
- References - Eye ConditionsEye ConditionsPrimary Care→
- References - Eye DisordersStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- References - Family Planning1 World Health Organization. Reproductive Health. Medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use. World Health Organization; 2015. https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/181468/9789241549158_eng.pdf?sequence=9 Family Planning: A Global Handbook for Providers (2022 update). Baltimore and Geneva: CCP and WHO, 2022. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9780999203705 NDoH. NationalPrimary Care→
- References - Gastro-intestinal conditions1 Morphine, IM (adults): South African Medicines Formulary, 14th Edition. Division of Clinical Pharmacology. University of Cape Town, 2022. 2 Morphine, IV (adults): National Department of Health, Essential Drugs Programme: Adult Hospital Level STGs and EML, 2020-4. http://www.health.gov.za/ 3 Katz PO et al. ACG Clinical Guideline for the diagnosis and management of gastroesophageal reflux diseasePrimary Care→
- References - Gynaecologyi Ibuprofen (ceiling effect): Laska EM, Sunshine A, Marrero I, Olson N, Siegel C, McCormick N. The correlation between blood levels of ibuprofen and clinical analgesic response. ClinPharmacolTher. 1986 Jul;40(1):1- 7.. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3522030 ii Paracetamol, oral: South African Medicines Formulary, 14th Edition. Division of Clinical Pharmacology. University of Cape Town, 2022.EML (Adult)→
- References - HIVSouth African National Department of Health. 2023 Antiretroviral Therapy Clinical Guidelines for the Management of HIV in Adults, Pregnancy and Breastfeeding, Adolescents, Children, Infants and Neonates. April 2023. Nielsen-Saines K, et. al. Three Postpartum Antiretroviral Regimens to prevent Intrapartum HIV infection. NEJM. 2012;366:2368-2379. Capparelli EV, and Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials GrPEML (Paeds)→
- References - HIV and AIDSClick here to access the pdf (References: Pages 39-44) . Standard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Adult Hospital Level, 2025-9-Version-1.0-26-February-2026 Chapter 10 HIV and AIDS_ReferencesEML (Adult)→
- References - Immunisation1 Influenza vaccination: National Department of Health. Influenza Vaccination Guide, 2021. https://www.knowledgehub.org.za/ Influenza vaccination: National Department of Health: Affordable Medicines, EDP-Primary Health Care level. Scoping Review: Inactivated Influenza vaccines and egg allergy: A scoping review, 2023. https://www.knowledgehub.org.za/ 2 Influenza vaccination –National Institute forPrimary Care→
- References - Infections and Related Conditions1. Antivirals to treat varicella zoster, oral- adults (therapeutic class):Tunbridge AJ, Breuer J, Jeffery KJ; British Infection Society. Chickenpox in adults - clinical management. J Infect. 2008 Aug;57(2):95-102. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18555533 2. Artesunate, IV: Artesunate, parenteral: Sinclair D, Donegan S, Isba R, Lalloo DG. Artesunate versus quinine for treating severe malaria.Primary Care→
- References - Infective/Infectious Disease1. Fluconazole dose: South African Medicines Formulary. 12th Edition. 2016. 2. Artesunate, IV (dosing for < 20 kg): Hendriksen IC, Mtove G, Kent A, Gesase S, Reyburn H, Lemnge MM, et al. Population pharmacokinetics of intramuscular artesunate in African children with severe malaria: implications for a practical dosing regimen. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2013 May;93(5):443-50. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlmPEML (Paeds)→
- References - Intensive Care and AnaestheticsMocan M, Terheș L, Blaga S. Difficulties in the diagnosis and management of hyponatremia. Medicine and Pharmacy Reports [Internet]. 28Oct.2016 [cited 14Sep.2022];89(4):464-9. Available from: https://medpharmareports.com/index.php/mpr/article/view/619 Schapkaitz E, Sherman GC, Jacobson BF, Haas S, Buller HR, Davies V, et al. Paediatric anticoagulation guidelines. S Afr J Med. 2012;102(3):171-175 SPEML (Paeds)→
- References - Kidney and Urological DisordersUrologyPrimary Care→
- References - Medicines Used for DiagnosisStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- References - Medicines used in Palliative CareStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- References - Medicines used in Palliative Care1 Palliative Care: SA Supportive and Palliative Care Indicators Tool (SPICTTM-SA). Available: file:///C:/Users/27798/Downloads/Version-2-SPICT-SA-Dec-2020%20(3).pdf. 2 Sennosides A and B, oral: South African Medicines Formulary, 14th Edition. Division of Clinical Pharmacology. University of Cape Town, 2022.. Sennosides A and B, oral: Librach SL, Bouvette M, De Angelis C, Farley J, OnePrimary Care→
- References - Mental Health Conditionsi Definition (Psychoeducation): Sarkhel S, Singh OP, Arora M. Clinical Practice Guidelines for Psychoeducation in Psychiatric Disorders General Principles of Psychoeducation. Indian J Psychiatry. 2020 Jan;62(Suppl 2):S319-S323. doi: 10.4103/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_780_19. Epub 2020 Jan 17. PMID: 32055073; PMCID: PMC7001357. ii Definition (Risk Assessment): New South Wales Government. SESLHDGEML (Adult)→
- References - Mental Health Conditions1 Definition (Psychoeducation): Sarkhel S, Singh OP, Arora M. Clinical Practice Guidelines for Psychoeducation in Psychiatric Disorders General Principles of Psychoeducation. Indian J Psychiatry. 2020 Jan;62(Suppl 2):S319-S323. doi: 10.4103/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_780_19. Epub 2020 Jan 17. PMID: 32055073; PMCID: PMC7001357. 2 Definition (Risk Assessment): New South Wales Government. SESLHDGLPrimary Care→
- References - Musculoskeletal SystemStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- References - NICD InfluenzaReferences - NICD Influenza Cohen C, Moyes J, Tempia S, Groome M, Walaza S, Pretorius M, et al. Mortality amongst Patients with Influenza-Associated Severe Acute Respiratory Illness, South Africa, 2009-2013. PloS one 2015; 10(3):e0118884. Nair H, Brooks WA, Katz M, Roca A, Berkley JA, Madhi SA, et al. Global burden of respiratory infections due to seasonal influenza in young children: a systematiOther→
- References - Nephrological / Urological DisordersMorphine Dose: South African Medicines Formulary (SAMF), 12th Edition. Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town. 2016. Michael M, Hodson EM, Craig JC, Martin S, Moyer VA. Short compared with standard duration of antibiotic treatment for urinary tract infection: A Systematic Review of Randomised Controlled Trials. Arch Dis Child. 2002; 87: 118-12PEML (Paeds)→
- References - Nephrological/ Urological DisordersStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- References - Neurological DisordersStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- References - Nutrition and Anaemia *New*1 Albendazole, oral: Steinmann P, Utzinger J, Du ZW, Jiang JY, Chen JX, Hattendorf J, Zhou H, Zhou XN. Efficacy of single-dose and triple-dose albendazole and mebendazole against soil-transmitted helminths and Taenia spp.: a randomized controlled trial. PLoSOne. 2011;6(9):e25003. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21980373 Albendazole, oral:Mabaso ML, Appleton CC, Hughes JC, Gouws E. Hookworm (NPrimary Care→
- References - ObstetricsStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults, Updated for the 2023 EditionEML (Adult)→
- References - Obstetrics and GynaecologyReferences 1. Misoprostol (medical abortion): NICE. Guideline: Abortion Care, 25 September 2019. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng140 Misoprostol (medical abortion): WHO. Guideline: Medical management of abortion, 2018. https://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/medical-management-abortion/en/ 2. Morphine, IM (Incomplete 1st trimester miscarriage): National Department of Health, EssentPrimary Care→
- References - Oncology EmergenciesStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- References - Paini Definitions: International Association for the Study of Pain. IASP Announces Revised Definition of Pain. 2020. https://www.iasp-pain.org/resources/terminology// ii Management of chronic pain: Scascighini L, Toma V, Dober-Spielmann S, Sprott H. Multidisciplinary treatment for chronic pain: a systematic review of interventions and outcomes. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2008 May;47(5):670-8. doi: 10.109EML (Adult)→
- References - PainPainPrimary Care→
- References - Palliative CareLoperamide dose: South African Medicines Formulary (SAMF), 12th Edition. Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town. 2016. Association for Paediatric Palliative Medicine Formulary available from URL. https://www.appm.org.uk/_webedit/uploadedfiles/All%20Files/Event%20Resources/2020%20APPM%20Master%20Formulary%202020%20pro tected.pdf A comparative analysis of cetiPEML (Paeds)→
- References - Perioperative Patient Blood Management1. Phatlhane DV, Zemlin AE, Matsha TE, et al. The iron status of a healthy South African adult population. Clin Chim Acta. 2016;460:240-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2016.06.019 . 2. Marsicano D, Hauser N, Roodt F, et al. Preoperative anaemia and clinical outcomes in the South African Surgical Outcomes Study. S Afr Med J. 2018;108(10):839-46. https://doi.org/10.7196/SAMJ.2018.v108i10.13148 . 3Other→
- References - PoisoningChyka PA, Seger D, Krenzelok EP, Vale JA; American Academy of Clinical Toxicology; European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists. Position paper: single-dose activated charcoal. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2005;43(2):61–87. Thanacoody R, Caravati EM, Troutman B, Hojer J, Benson B, Hoppu K et al. Position paper update: whole bowel irrigation for gastrointestinal decontamination of ovPEML (Paeds)→
- References - Poisoningi Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, oral: Blaylock RS. Antibiotic use and infection in snakebite victims. S Afr Med J. 1999 Aug;89(8):874-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10488365 ii NSAID caution: World Health Organisation: Guidelines for the prevention and clinical management of snakebite in Africa. https://www.who.int/health-topics/snakebite#tab=overview iii Polyvalent antivenom: Wood D, WebbEML (Adult)→
- References - Preoperative EvaluationReferences 1. Fleisher L, Fleischmann K, Auerbach A, Barnason S, Beckman J, Bozkurt B et al. 2014 ACC/AHA Guideline on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Management of Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery 2. Kristensen SD, Knuuti J, Saraste A, et al. 2014 ESC/ESA Guidelines on non-cardiac surgery: cardiovascular assessment and management: The Joint Task Force on non-cardiacOther→
- References - Respiratory Conditions1 D'Amato G, Vitale C, Lanza M, et al. Near fatal asthma: treatment and prevention. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016;48(4):116-122. 2 Salbutamol MDI (adults): Rodrigo C, Rodrigo G. Salbutamol treatment of acute severe asthma in the ED: MDI versus hand-held nebulizer. Am J Emerg Med. 1998 Nov;16(7):637-42. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9827736 Salbutamol MDI (adults): National Department oPrimary Care→
- References - Respiratory DisordersStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- References - Respiratory System1 World Health Organisation. Revised WHO classification and treatment of childhood pneumonia at health facilities. Evidence Summaries. WHO Library. 2014. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/137319/9789241507813_eng.pdf;jsessionid=DC9 BAB4C398AE239AE3110330E619294?sequence=1 Standard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Paediatrics, 2023PEML (Paeds)→
- References - Rheumatology and VasculitidesBritish Society for Paediatric and Adolescent Rheumatology. Guidelines for Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAIDs) use in Paediatric Rheumatology. 2005. Keser G, Direskeneli H, Aksu K. Management of Takayasu Arteritis: A Systematic Review. Rheumatology. 2014;53: 793-801. Petty RE, Laxer RM, Lindsley CB et al. Textbook of Pediatric Rheumatology 7th edition, 2016, Elsevier. Ozen S, Pistorio A,PEML (Paeds)→
- References - SATS AsthmaGlobal Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention. 2021. www.ginasthma.org (accessed 19 August 2021). Louw SJ, Bateman ED, Plit M, Joubert J. Guidelines for the management of asthma in adults in South Africa. Part I. Chronic persistent asthma. Statement by a working group of the South African Pulmonology Society. S Afr Med J 1992;81(6):319-322. Lalloo UG, BatemanOther→
- References - SedationStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- References - Sexually Transmitted InfectionsStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- References - Skin ConditionsReferencesPrimary Care→
- References - Surgical Antibiotic ProphylaxisStandard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Adults 2019 EditionEML (Adult)→
- References - Surgical ProphylaxisReferences Bratzler DW, et. al. Clinical Practice Guidelines for antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgery. Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 2013; 70:195-283. Steinberg JP, C et. al. Timing of antimicrobial prophylaxis and the risk of surgical site infection: results from the Trial to Reduce Antimicrobial Prophylaxis Errors. Ann Surg. 2009; 250:10-6. Soriano A, et. al. Timing of antibiotic prophylaxPEML (Paeds)→
- References - Systemic and Healthcare-Associated Infectionsi Clindamycin, oral: South African Antibiotic Stewardship Programme. A Pocket Guide to Antibiotic Prescribing for Adults in South Africa, 2015. http://www.fidssa.co.za/images/SAASP_Antibiotic_Gudidelines_2015.pdf Clindamycin, oral: South African Medicines Formulary. 14th Edition. Division of Clinical Pharmacology. University of Cape Town. 2022. Clindamycin, oral: Bouazza N, Pestre V, JullieEML (Adult)→
- References - The Nervous SystemReferencesPEML (Paeds)→
- References - Tuberculosis - Paediatric STGTurkova A, Wills GH, Wobudeya E, Chabala C, Palmer A, Kinikar S. Shorter Treatment of Nonsevere Tuberculosis in African and Indian Children. NEJM. 2022, 386 (10): 911- 922. 2 National Department of Health. Management of Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis. November 2019. https://www.health.gov.za/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/managementof-rifampicin-resistant-tb-booklet-1219-v6.pdf Standard TreatmentPEML (Paeds)→
- References for Pain Control1. South African Society of Anaesthesiologists (SASA) Paediatric Sedation Guidelines for Procedural Sedation and Analgesia. South Afr J Anaesth Analg. 2016, 22(1) (supplementary 5). https://painsa.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Untitledattachment-00037.pdf Standard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa Adult Hospital _Chapter 20: Pain Control;2023, 5th editionPEML (Paeds)→