Guidelines

176 entries

NDOH Standard Treatment Guidelines and clinical protocols

Tonsillitis And PharyngitisICD-10 code: J03 See: Primary Healthcare Standard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List, Ear, Nose and Throat Conditions, Tonsillitis and Pharyngitis . Standard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List for South Africa, Hospital Level, Paediatrics, 2023 Edition Chapter 17: Ear Nose & Throat, 17.2 Tonsillitis And Pharyngitis Click here for 17.3 Tonsillitis, ComplPEML (Paeds)→
Tonsillitis, Complicated (Peritonsillar Cellulitis, Peritonsillar Abscess)Description Diagnostic criteria General and supportive measures Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 code: J03.9 DESCRIPTION An infective process involving the tonsils with spread of infection into the adjacent tissue. It must be differentiated from hypertrophy of the tonsils without infection and a viral upper respiratory tract infection (these are associated with rhinorrhoea , nasal congesPEML (Paeds)→
Total Body Cooling for Hypoxic Ischemic EncephalopathyTotal Body Cooling for Hypoxic Ischemic EncephalopathyOther→
Total Fluid Intake and FeedsTotal Fluid Intake and FeedsOther→
Total Hip and Total Knee ArthroplastyWhy was this guideline developed? What other guidelines are available? Summary of recommended components for total joint arthroplasty pathways Total hip arthroplasty (THA) together with total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are the most common major joint arthroplasties undertaken globally. 1,2 Studies looking at utilisation rates for these surgeries, show an increased number of THA and TKA procedures taOther→
Toxicology in ICUDescription General measures Description See: Poisonings . General Measures Poisoning should always be considered in patients who present with an altered level of consciousness. A thorough collateral history and toxicology screen may assist with making the diagnosis. Toxicology screens; where available, may have varied diagnostic reliability in patients with suspected poisoning. These results shoEML (Adult)→
ToxoplasmosisDescription Diagnostic criteria Referral ICD-10 code: B58.9 DESCRIPTION Rarely occurs in children caused by infection with Toxoplasma gondii. Usually presents as encephalitis, with focal neurological abnormalities occurring in association with headache. Ocular and pulmonary disease is also seen. DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA Investigations Diagnosis may be made on blood and CSF serology. CSF PCR forPEML (Paeds)→
ToxoplasmosisDescription Medicine Treatment Referral B58 + (B20.8) DESCRIPTION Initial diagnosis can only be made at hospital level. MEDICINE TREATMENT Cotrimoxazole, oral, 320/1600 mg 12 hourly for 4 weeks. Then 160/800 mg 12 hourly for 12 weeks. Secondary prophylaxis Cotrimoxazole, oral 160/800 mg daily. Continue until the CD4 count has risen to >200 cells/mm 3 on ART. Commence ART. REFERRALPrimary Care→
Training of the CarerTwo family members or caregivers should be trained to ensure continuous treatment and to decrease the burden of PD care Teenagers should be encouraged to take a more active role in their own dialysis Staff of the PD clinic should be available to give support to caregivers in the event of “emergencies” like touch contamination, catheter malfunctions, etc. PD training should be performed by an expeOther→
Tranexamic Acid in Major BleedingTranexamic Acid in Major BleedingOther→
Tranexamic Acid in Major Bleeding (Adult)Guidelines for the use of Tranexamic Acid in Major Bleeding (Adult)Other→
Transfer of Critically Ill PatientsThis has been developed to provide robust guidelines to all involved in the care of critically ill patients, as well as those seeking critical care for appropriate patients for the Western CapeOther→
Transfusing the PatientSANBS Guideline - Updated February 2020Other→
TransfusionSANBS Guideline - Updated August 2023Other→
Transfusion ReactionsSANBS Guideline - Updated August 2023Other→
Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: implications for infection prevention precautionsScientific Brief 09 July 2020Other→
Transplant Work-UpKidney transplantation is the treatment of choice for endstage renal disease. Pre-transplant assessment should be carried out before the patient is entered on the transplant waiting list. The assessment serves to evaluate and prepare a patient for transplantation. Clinical examination (include urinalysis, breast, testes and prostate) For the list of routine and elective investigations, please refOther→
Trauma Cardiac Arrest Algorithm for Healthcare ProvidersClick here to open the above PDFOther→
Trauma and InjuriesFor trauma-related haemorrhage, presenting within 3 hours of injury, see Hypovolaemic shock . Click here for the pdf . Standard Treatment Guidelines And Essential Medicines List For South Africa, Adult Hospital level, 2020-4_Version 1_June 2024 Chapter 20: Emergencies and InjuriesEML (Adult)→
Trauma and Stress-Related DisordersDescription General measures Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 code: F43.0/F43.1/F43.2/F43.8-9 + (Z55-Z65) Description Acute stress and post-traumatic stress disorder arise in response to stressful events. The patient should have experienced the event as life threatening or as a physical threat to themselves or others, at which time they felt fear and helplessness. A range of symptoms areEML (Adult)→
Traumatic Brain InjuryDescription Diagnostic Criteria General and Supportive Measures Referral ICD-10 code: S06.2 See Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) and neuroprotection in the ICU DESCRIPTION Types: Concussion (minor), e.g. shaken baby. Contusion Penetrative Anoxic – commonest, e.g. falls, vehicle collusion, violence, sport injuries. DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA Symptoms: Headache Eating/nursing habits. Unusual or easy irriPEML (Paeds)→
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) And Neuro-Protection In The ICUDefinition Medicine treatment ICD-10 code: S06.2 DEFINITION Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a form of Acquired Brain Injury. It is a nondegenerative, non-congenital insult to the brain from an external mechanical force, possibly leading to permanent or temporary impairment of cognitive, physical, and psychosocial functions, with an associated diminished or altered state of consciousness. SePEML (Paeds)→
Travellers’ DiarrhoeaTravellers’ Diarrhoea, Updated December 2019Other→
TreatmentThese are the approved guidelines published by the South African Society of Psychiatrists to provide an overview on treatment and management of commonly diagnosed psychiatric illnesses. The guidelines include consensus recommendations, based on peer contribution and using the international evidence based guidelines that are suitable for the local South African health service.Other→
TreatmentThese are the approved guidelines published by the South African Society of Psychiatrists to provide an overview on treatment and management of commonly diagnosed psychiatric illnesses. The guidelines include consensus recommendations, based on peer contribution and using the international evidence based guidelines that are suitable for the local South African health service.Other→
TreatmentThese are the approved guidelines published by the South African Society of Psychiatrists to provide an overview on treatment and management of commonly diagnosed psychiatric illnesses. The guidelines include consensus recommendations, based on peer contribution and using the international evidence based guidelines that are suitable for the local South African health service.Other→
TreatmentThese are the approved guidelines published by the South African Society of Psychiatrists to provide an overview on treatment and management of commonly diagnosed psychiatric illnesses. The guidelines include consensus recommendations, based on peer contribution and using the international evidence based guidelines that are suitable for the local South African health service.Other→
TreatmentThese are the approved guidelines published by the South African Society of Psychiatrists to provide an overview on treatment and management of commonly diagnosed psychiatric illnesses. The guidelines include consensus recommendations, based on peer contribution and using the international evidence based guidelines that are suitable for the local South African health service.Other→
TreatmentThis guideline provides an overview of the recommended Adult ADHD assessment steps, differentials to be considered and options for treatment according to the best available evidence based guidelines.Other→
TreatmentThese are the approved guidelines published by the South African Society of Psychiatrists to provide an overview on treatment and management of commonly diagnosed psychiatric illnesses. The guidelines include consensus recommendations, based on peer contribution and using the international evidence based guidelines that are suitable for the local South African health service.Other→
TreatmentThese are the approved guidelines published by the South African Society of Psychiatrists to provide an overview on treatment and management of commonly diagnosed psychiatric illnesses. The guidelines include consensus recommendations, based on peer contribution and using the international evidence based guidelines that are suitable for the local South African health service.Other→
TreatmentRainbow Clinic for Abused Children, April 2020Other→
TreatmentThese are the approved guidelines published by the South African Society of Psychiatrists to provide an overview on treatment and management of commonly diagnosed psychiatric illnesses. The guidelines include consensus recommendations, based on peer contribution and using the international evidence based guidelines that are suitable for the local South African health service.Other→
TreatmentFactors to consider in choosing attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder medication Pharmacological treatment Monitoring of treatment Non-pharmacological interventions for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder Complementary and alternative medications Transitioning from child and adolescent to adult services Good long-term clinical care is contingent upon adequate patient education about the nOther→
TreatmentThese are the approved guidelines published by the South African Society of Psychiatrists to provide an overview on treatment and management of commonly diagnosed psychiatric illnesses. The guidelines include consensus recommendations, based on peer contribution and using the international evidence based guidelines that are suitable for the local South African health service.Other→
Treatment Goals and StrategiesGoal of Therapy Treat-to-Target Strategy Goal of Therapy The goal of therapy is to achieve at least LDA, i.e. CDAI ≤10. Remission, or a state of no disease activity, may be defined by a composite disease activity score or by ACR/EULAR remission criteria. [37] While remission is a reasonable goal for patients with early disease, aiming for remission may not be realistic for all RA patients. Treat-Other→
Treatment Of Children Who Were Previously Successfully Treated For TB (Retreatment)A child who was previously successfully treated for pulmonary TB is at increased risk for re-infection with TB. It is imperative to exclude drug-resistant TB by carrying out a sputum rapid TB molecular test (e.g. GeneXpert®) plus culture with drug susceptibility testing (DST), and also determine DST of any known TB source case. If the above does not indicate resistant TB, treat as drug susceptiblPEML (Paeds)→
Treatment Of VTEThe duration of treatment (anticoagulation) depends on the cause of VTE: 3 months for CVC-related or secondary VTE and 6 months for idiopathic or recurrent VTE. Initial anticoagulation with LMWH or UFH for 5–10 days followed by maintenance warfarin or LMWH. Routine use of thrombolytic therapy is not recommended unless there is a major vessel occlusion. Protamine sulphate can be used to reverse thPEML (Paeds)→
Treatment Outcomes & ConclusionDefinitions of treatment outcome Refractory enuresis and treatment of relapse Conclusion Definitions of treatment outcome As per guidelines outlined by the International Children’s Continence Society (ICCS), treatment with an enuresis alarm should be discontinued if no positive effects are observed within 6 - 8 weeks. In the event of progress during this time frame, the treatment should be disconOther→
Treatment Outcomes DefinitionsTreatment outcome applicable to short and long regimens are defined in the table below [9] . Treatment Outcome Definition Cured - A pulmonary patient with bacteriologically confirmed DR-TB at the beginning of treatment who completed treatment as recommended by the national policy, with evidence of bacteriological response and no evidence of failure (clinical deterioration). - BacteriolOther→
Treatment Outline & AlgorithmA suggested treatment algorithm was included in the 2017 guideline. [1] An algorithm for the approach to enuresis Click on image to enlarge. Click here for the pdf . The South African Medical Journal_The South African guidelines on enuresis: 2024 update_November 2024; Vol. 114, No. 11Other→
Treatment of Bacterial Infections and Syphilis (Birth up to 2 months)IMCI - Young Infant (Birth up to 2 months)IMCI→
Treatment of More than One STI SyndromeSexually Transmitted InfectionsPrimary Care→
Treatment of PartnersSexually Transmitted InfectionsPrimary Care→
Treatment: Available TherapiesImage 1: Click on image to enlarge. A large variety of controllers are available globally and, depending on locally approved formularies, may be available in SA. Image 2 contains a breakdown of controllers shown to be effective in large clinical trials. (Not all medications listed in Image 2 for use in asthma have been approved in SA at the time of publication of this guideline; regulatory approvOther→
Treatment: General PrinciplesInitial choice of therapy Image 1: Click on image to enlarge Patients presenting with infrequent symptoms and without significant lung function impairment, smoking history or recent hospitalisation should be commenced on as-needed low-dose ICS-formoterol (Evidence B). If this option is not available, a low-dose inhaled corticosteroid should be taken whenever a SABA is used via separate inhalers (Other→
TriageEmergencies Priority signs Non-urgent (queue) Early recognition of life-threatening emergencies and rapid provision of appropriate care can prevent childhood deaths and reduce associated morbidity. Triage aims to identify those children most in need of resuscitation and emergency care. It involves the rapid examination of all sick children when they first arrive in hospital in order to apprPEML (Paeds)→
Tricyclic Antidepressant PoisoningDescription General Measures Medicine Treatment T43.0 + (X41.99/X61.99/Y11.99) DESCRIPTION TCAs may be life threatening at relatively low doses. Cardiovascular and neurological impairment are the most serious consequences of TCA toxicity, and patients can deteriorate rapidly depending on the severity. LoE:IVb xxxiv Mild to moderate poisoning: Sedation Anticholinergic effects: delirium, tacEML (Adult)→
Tricyclic Antidepressant PoisoningTricyclic antidepressant poisoningOther→
Tricyclic Antidepressant PoisoningDescription Diagnostic criteria General and supportive measures Medicine treatment Referral ICD-10 code: T43.0 DESCRIPTION Poisoning with tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) represent a large portion of poisoning fatalities. There is a high risk of tricyclic antidepressant toxicity in children because of its narrow therapeutic index. Serious toxicity may occur with low doses in children. PEML (Paeds)→